DOCSLIB.ORG

Global Biodiversity Patterns During the Cambrian Radiation Globale Biodiversitätsentwicklung Während Der Kambrischen Radiation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Global Biodiversity Patterns During the Cambrian Radiation Globale Biodiversitätsentwicklung Während Der Kambrischen Radiation Global Biodiversity Patterns during the Cambrian Radiation Globale Biodiversitätsentwicklung während der kambrischen Radiation Der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades Dr. rer. nat vorgelegt von Lin Na aus Heilongjiang, V. R. China Erlangen 2016 Als Dissertation genehmigt von der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 2.11.2016. Vorsitzender des Promotionsorgans: Prof. Dr. Georg Kreimer Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Kießling Prof. Dr. Axel Munnecke Acknowledgments Foremost, I thank my supervisors Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Kießling. Only with his guidance, I could now fulfill my PhD study. From the day I decided to study abroad in Germany, Prof. Kießling gave me the greatest possible help with all aspects, including the design of research, analyses of data, publishing paper, and dissertation corrections. Along with his professional assistance and guidance, I would like to thank him for his help in daily life as well. My most heartfelt gratitude goes to my fiancé Qijian Li (Jason) for his care, his help, his understanding, his patience, and keeping me company all along in Germany. I thank my parents for not holding me back and kindly tolerated my absence from their life. I thank my parents for their understandings and cares and also thank them for giving me financial support whenever I needed. Without many other prerequisites and supports, this PhD study cannot be accomplished and presented here. I thank the following people: - Ex-supervisor in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology: Guoxiang Li who gave me professional advices on taxonomy of SSF; - Leader of pre-project in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology: Maoyan Zhu who kindly provided financial support for the field trips in South China; - Other colleagues in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology for their help in organizing the field trip in China; - Christopher Heubeck and Michael Steiner from Freie Universität for their professional instructions in field trips of Kazakhstan and South China; - Colleagues from Museum für Naturkunde Berlin: Uta Merkel for her fantastic input of data from my study period, Heike Mewis, Melanie Hopkins, Melanie Tietje, and colleagues for all sorts of supports; - Colleagues in my Department from Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen- Nürnberg: Axel Munnecke, Birgit Leipner-Mata, Mihaela-Cristina Krause, Emilia Jarochowska, Manja Hethke, Patric Chellouche, Adam Kocsis, Christian Schulbert for all sorts of supports. Also, my work was supported and funded by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft KI 806/9-1, embedded in the Research Unit “The Precambrian-Cambrian Biosphere (R)evolution: Insights from Chinese Microcontinents” (FOR 736). Summary The fossil record offers unique insights into the environmental and geographic partitioning of biodiversity during global diversifications. Global (gamma) diversity can be decomposed into local (alpha) and turnover (beta) components. Relationship of alpha and beta diversity in deep time during major evolutionary radiations has seldom been studied in paleobiology. Pathways of alpha- and beta- diversity in diversifying ecosystems notably differ depending on the relative role of various ecological interactions and environmental parameters. By combining the analysis of macroecological patterns of taxonomic composition and spatial distribution, we can assess the question which factors primarily controlled the diversification of life over geological times. Here I explore biodiversity patterns during the Cambrian radiation, the most dramatic radiation in Earth’s history. That the main pulse of the Cambrian radiation was in the early Cambrian has long been known, but defining the time of peak diversity has been hampered by problems with stratigraphic correlations. Many mechanisms of the Cambrian Explosion have been proposed, which can be subsumed as abiotic change, biotic interactions and genetic. This thesis aims at elucidating the role of biotic interactions using rigorous quantitative analyses of Ediacaran-Cambrian biodiversity dynamics. I use data from the Paleobiology Database (http://paleobiodb.org), which is a core infrastructure for modern paleobiological analyses. Based on well-established biostratigraphic correlation charts, I revised the stratigraphic assignments of all collections from the Ediacaran into the earliest Ordovician. I use sampling-standardized analyses of fossil occurrence data to derive accurate time series of alpha, beta, and gamma diversity. The vetted data demonstrate a prominent diversity peak in Stage 3, which is roughly equivalent to the Siberian Atdabanian and most of the Siberian Botomian. As diversity stabilized or declined subsequently, I conclude that Cambrian radiation only spanned the first three Cambrian stages in terms of biodiversity at the genus level. I assess how the overall increase in global diversity was partitioned between within-community (alpha) and between-community (beta) components and how beta i diversity was partitioned among environments and geographic regions. Alpha and beta diversity increased from the Fortunian to Stage 3, and fluctuated erratically through the following stages. Changes of Cambrian gamma diversity were chiefly driven by changes in beta diversity. The pattern of diversity partitioning along onshore-offshore gradients demonstrate that there is no clear trend. Major ecological innovations appeared randomly with respect to bathymetric gradients and the variation of genus turnover between communities was not governed by environmental heterogeneity. My study elucidates that global biodiversity during the Cambrian radiation was driven by niche contraction at local scales and vicariance at continental scales. At local scales, the combined trajectories of alpha and beta diversity during the initial diversification suggest low competition and high predation within communities. At continental scales, the increase of beta diversity was controlled by the high rate of community turnover among adjacent continents. Beta diversity has similar trajectories both among environments and geographic regions, but turnover between adjacent paleo- continents was probably the main driver of diversification. This finding supports the general importance of plate tectonics in large-scale diversifications. ii Zusammenfassung Der Fossilbericht bietet einzigartige Einblicke in die ökologische und geographische Partitionierung der biologischen Diversität bei globalen Diversifikationen. Globale (Gamma) Diversität kann in unterteilt werden in die Diversität lokaler Vergesellschaftungen (Alpha) und Unterschiede zwischen Vergesellschaften (Beta). Das Verhältnis von Alpha- und Beta-Diversität über geologische Zeitskalen während großer evolutionärer Radiationen ist bislang selten paläobiologisch untersucht worden. Die zeitlichen Muster von Alpha- und Beta-Diversität in diversifizierenden Ökosystemen unterscheiden sich vor allem in der relativen Rolle von verschiedenen ökologischen Interaktionen und Umweltparametern. Durch die Kombination der Analyse von makroökologischen Mustern, taxonomischer Zusammensetzung und deren räumlicher Verteilung können wir die Frage nach den Faktoren beantworten, die maßgeblich die Diversifizierung des Lebens über die geologischen Zeiten kontrollierten. Hier untersuche ich Muster der Biodiversität während der kambrischen Radiation, der dramatischsten Radiation der Erdgeschichte. Dass der Hauptimpuls der kambrischen Radiation im frühen Kambrium war, ist seit langem bekannt, aber die eine genauere Festlegung wurde durch Probleme mit globalen stratigraphischen Korrelationen behindert. Viele Mechanismen der kambrischen Explosion sind vorgeschlagen worden, die als abiotische Änderung, biotische Interaktionen und genetische Faktoren subsummiert werden können. Diese Arbeit zielt darauf ab, die Rolle von biotischen Interaktionen mit Hilfe von probenstandardisierten Diversitätsdynamiken im Ediacarium und Kambrium aufzuklären. Ich verwende Daten aus der Paleobiology Database (http://paleobiodb.org), die eine zentrale Infrastruktur für moderne paläobiologische Analysen ist. Auf Basis etablierter biostratigraphischer Korrelationsdiagramme, wurde die stratigraphische Einstufung aller Sammlungen vom Ediacaran bis in das früheste Ordovizium überarbeitet. Ich benutze probenstandardisierte Analysen von Fossilvorkommen um daraus genaue Zeitreihen von Alpha-, Beta- und Gamma-Diversität abzuleiten. Die bereinigten Daten zeigen eine herausragende Diversitätsspitze in Stufe 3, die in etwa sibirischen Atdabanium und Botomium entspricht. Weil sich die Diversität anschließend stabilisierte iii oder sogar verringerte, schließe ich, dass die kambrische Radiation sich nur über die ersten drei Stufen des Kambriums vollzog, zumindest in Bezug auf die Biodiversität auf der Gattungsebene. Ich beurteile, wie sich die Zunahme der globalen Diversität auf die Diversität innerhalb (Alpha) und zwischen (Beta) Lebensgemeinschaften aufteilte und wie Beta- Diversität zwischen Ablagerungsräumen und geografischen Regionen verteilt war. Alpha und Beta-Diversität erhöhten sich vom Fortunium zu Stufe 3 und schwankten ohne Trend in den folgenden Stufen. Änderungen der kambrischen Gamma-Diversität wurden vor allem durch Veränderungen in der Beta-Diversität beeinflusst. Die Muster der Diversitätsverteilung entlang von Onshore-Offshore-Gradienten, zeigen keinen klaren Trend. Wesentliche ökologische Innovationen erschienen
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Diversity Partitioning During the Cambrian Radiation
    Diversity partitioning during the Cambrian radiation Lin Naa,1 and Wolfgang Kiesslinga,b aGeoZentrum Nordbayern, Paleobiology and Paleoenvironments, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; and bMuseum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity at the Humboldt University Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany Edited by Douglas H. Erwin, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, and accepted by the Editorial Board March 10, 2015 (received for review January 2, 2015) The fossil record offers unique insights into the environmental and Results geographic partitioning of biodiversity during global diversifica- Raw gamma diversity exhibits a strong increase in the first three tions. We explored biodiversity patterns during the Cambrian Cambrian stages (informally referred to as early Cambrian in this radiation, the most dramatic radiation in Earth history. We as- work) (Fig. 1A). Gamma diversity dropped in Stage 4 and de- sessed how the overall increase in global diversity was partitioned clined further through the rest of the Cambrian. The pattern is between within-community (alpha) and between-community (beta) robust to sampling standardization (Fig. 1B) and insensitive to components and how beta diversity was partitioned among environ- including or excluding the archaeocyath sponges, which are po- ments and geographic regions. Changes in gamma diversity in the tentially oversplit (16). Alpha and beta diversity increased from Cambrian were chiefly driven by changes in beta diversity. The the Fortunian to Stage 3, and fluctuated erratically through the combined trajectories of alpha and beta diversity during the initial following stages (Fig. 2). Our estimate of alpha (and indirectly diversification suggest low competition and high predation within beta) diversity is based on the number of genera in published communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Wright and Cherns Supplementary Data Flat
    Wright and Cherns Supplementary Data Flat pebble conglomerates from subtidal settings (Fig. 2) PROPOSE SHELF D AGE LOCATION FORMATION SETTING PROCESS AUTHOR(S) Subtidal within Mesoproteroz China, Hebei Gaoyuzhuang storm wave oic Province Formation base storms Luo et al. 2014 Proterozoic, NW Canada, Pre-Marinoan Mackenzie mid to outer glaciation Mountains Keele Fm ramp storms Day et al. 2004 Bertrand-Sarfati Gourma, bottom & Moussine- Vendian West Africa slope currents' Pouchkine 1983 Low energy Narbonne et al. Ediacaran South Africa Swartpunt Fm deeper ramp storm 1997 Canadian MacNaughton et Ediacaran Arctic Gametrail Fm subtidal ramp storms al. 2008 shallow Kyrshabakty carbonate high energy Heubeck et al. Ediacaran Kazakhstan Formation platform events 2013 Ediacaran - Lower carbonate Grotzinger & Cambrian Oman Ara Group platform Al-Rawahi 2014 Lower South Sellick Hill Mount & Kidder Cambrian Australia Formation subtidal storms 1993 Lower Bayan Gol Fm, shallow Cambrian W Mongolia Zavkhan Basin subtidal storms Kruse et al. 1996 Lower Shuijingtuo Ishikawa et al. Cambrian South China Fm subtidal 2008 Middle Canadian Dewing & Cambrian Arctic ramp Nowlan 2012 British Middle Columbia, Cambrian Canada Jubilee Fm Pope 1990 1 Middle Pratt & Cambrian Argentina La Laja Fm subtidal shelf tsunamis Bordonaro 2007 low energy Middle shallow Cambrian Australia Ranken Lst subtidal storms Kruse 1996 Middle Wyoming, Upper Gros Cambrian USA Ventre Shale Csonka 2009 middle upper Middle W Utah, upper Wheeler, carbonate belt - Cambrian USA Marjum fms subtidal shelf Robison 1964 Middle- Upper Supratidal to Cambrian NW China subtidal fpc storms Liang et al. 1993 Ust’- Brus,Labaz, Middle Orakta, Cambrian - Kulyumbe, Lower Ujgur and Iltyk Kouchinsky et Ordovician Siberia fms al.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 3.Pdf
    A Geoconservation perspective on the trace fossil record associated with the end – Ordovician mass extinction and glaciation in the Welsh Basin Item Type Thesis or dissertation Authors Nicholls, Keith H. Citation Nicholls, K. (2019). A Geoconservation perspective on the trace fossil record associated with the end – Ordovician mass extinction and glaciation in the Welsh Basin. (Doctoral dissertation). University of Chester, United Kingdom. Publisher University of Chester Rights Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Download date 26/09/2021 02:37:15 Item License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10034/622234 International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2013/01 Erathem / Era System / Period Quaternary Neogene C e n o z o i c Paleogene Cretaceous M e s o z o i c Jurassic M e s o z o i c Jurassic Triassic Permian Carboniferous P a l Devonian e o z o i c P a l Devonian e o z o i c Silurian Ordovician s a n u a F y r Cambrian a n o i t u l o v E s ' i k s w o Ichnogeneric Diversity k p e 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 S 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 n 23 r e 25 d 27 o 29 M 31 33 35 37 39 T 41 43 i 45 47 m 49 e 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 Number of Ichnogenera (Treatise Part W) Ichnogeneric Diversity 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 n 23 r e 25 d 27 o 29 M 31 33 35 37 39 T 41 43 i 45 47 m 49 e 51 53 55 57 59 61 c i o 63 z 65 o e 67 a l 69 a 71 P 73 75 77 79 81 83 n 85 a i r 87 b 89 m 91 a 93 C Number of Ichnogenera (Treatise Part W)
    [Show full text]
  • Western North Greenland (Laurentia)
    BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF DENMARK · VOL. 69 · 2021 Trilobite fauna of the Telt Bugt Formation (Cambrian Series 2–Miaolingian Series), western North Greenland (Laurentia) JOHN S. PEEL Peel, J.S. 2021. Trilobite fauna of the Telt Bugt Formation (Cambrian Series 2–Mi- aolingian Series), western North Greenland (Laurentia). Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, Vol. 69, pp. 1–33. ISSN 2245-7070. https://doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-2021-69-01 Trilobites dominantly of middle Cambrian (Miaolingian Series, Wuliuan Stage) Geological Society of Denmark age are described from the Telt Bugt Formation of Daugaard-Jensen Land, western https://2dgf.dk North Greenland (Laurentia), which is a correlative of the Cape Wood Formation of Inglefield Land and Ellesmere Island, Nunavut. Four biozones are recognised in Received 6 July 2020 Daugaard-Jensen Land, representing the Delamaran and Topazan regional stages Accepted in revised form of the western USA. The basal Plagiura–Poliella Biozone, with Mexicella cf. robusta, 16 December 2020 Kochiella, Fieldaspis? and Plagiura?, straddles the Cambrian Series 2–Miaolingian Series Published online 20 January 2021 boundary. It is overlain by the Mexicella mexicana Biozone, recognised for the first time in Greenland, with rare specimens of Caborcella arrojosensis. The Glossopleura walcotti © 2021 the authors. Re-use of material is Biozone, with Glossopleura, Clavaspidella and Polypleuraspis, dominates the succes- permitted, provided this work is cited. sion in eastern Daugaard-Jensen Land but is seemingly not represented in the type Creative Commons License CC BY: section in western outcrops, likely reflecting the drastic thinning of the formation https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ towards the north-west.
    [Show full text]
  • The Late Jurassic Tithonian, a Greenhouse Phase in the Middle Jurassic–Early Cretaceous ‘Cool’ Mode: Evidence from the Cyclic Adriatic Platform, Croatia
    Sedimentology (2007) 54, 317–337 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00837.x The Late Jurassic Tithonian, a greenhouse phase in the Middle Jurassic–Early Cretaceous ‘cool’ mode: evidence from the cyclic Adriatic Platform, Croatia ANTUN HUSINEC* and J. FRED READ *Croatian Geological Survey, Sachsova 2, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, 4044 Derring Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA (E-mail: [email protected]) ABSTRACT Well-exposed Mesozoic sections of the Bahama-like Adriatic Platform along the Dalmatian coast (southern Croatia) reveal the detailed stacking patterns of cyclic facies within the rapidly subsiding Late Jurassic (Tithonian) shallow platform-interior (over 750 m thick, ca 5–6 Myr duration). Facies within parasequences include dasyclad-oncoid mudstone-wackestone-floatstone and skeletal-peloid wackestone-packstone (shallow lagoon), intraclast-peloid packstone and grainstone (shoal), radial-ooid grainstone (hypersaline shallow subtidal/intertidal shoals and ponds), lime mudstone (restricted lagoon), fenestral carbonates and microbial laminites (tidal flat). Parasequences in the overall transgressive Lower Tithonian sections are 1– 4Æ5 m thick, and dominated by subtidal facies, some of which are capped by very shallow-water grainstone-packstone or restricted lime mudstone; laminated tidal caps become common only towards the interior of the platform. Parasequences in the regressive Upper Tithonian are dominated by peritidal facies with distinctive basal oolite units and well-developed laminate caps. Maximum water depths of facies within parasequences (estimated from stratigraphic distance of the facies to the base of the tidal flat units capping parasequences) were generally <4 m, and facies show strongly overlapping depth ranges suggesting facies mosaics. Parasequences were formed by precessional (20 kyr) orbital forcing and form parasequence sets of 100 and 400 kyr eccentricity bundles.
    [Show full text]
  • Proposed Global Standard Stratotype-Section And
    PROPOSED GLOBAL STANDARD STRATOTYPE-SECTION AND POINT FOR THE DRUMIAN STAGE (CAMBRIAN) Prepared for the International Subcommission on Cambrian Stratigraphy by: Loren E. Babcock School of Earth Sciences The Ohio State University, 125 South Oval Mall Columbus, OH 43210, USA [email protected] Richard A. Robison Department of Geology, University of Kansas Lawrence, KS 66045, USA [email protected] Margaret N. Rees Department of Geoscience University of Nevada, Las Vegas Las Vegas, NV 89145, USA [email protected] Peng Shanchi Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China [email protected] Matthew R. Saltzman School of Earth Sciences The Ohio State University, 125 South Oval Mall Columbus, OH 43210, USA [email protected] 31 July 2006 CONTENTS Introduction …………………………………………………………………………. 2 Proposal: Stratotype Ridge, Drum Mountains (Millard County, Utah, USA) as the GSSP for the base of the Drumian Stage ……………………………………………………. 3 1. Stratigraphic rank of the boundary …………………..…………………………… 3 2. Proposed GSSP – geography and physical geology ……………………………… 3 2.1. Geographic location …………………………………………………...….. 3 2.2. Geological location ………………..……………………...…………...….. 4 2.3. Location of level and specific point ……………………..……………...… 4 2.4. Stratigraphic completeness ………………...……………………………… 5 2.5. Thickness and stratigraphic extent …………………...……………...……. 5 2.6. Provisions for conservation, protection, and accessibility ……………..…. 5 3. Motivation for selection of the boundary level and of the potential stratotype section ………………………………………………………………………………. 6 3.1. Principal correlation event (marker) at GSSP level ………...…………..… 6 3.2. Potential stratotype section …………………………………………....….. 7 3.3. Demonstration of regional and global correlation ………………………... 8 3.3.1. Agnostoid trilobite biostratigraphy ………………………………… 9 3.3.2. Polymerid trilobite biostratigraphy …………....…………….…….
    [Show full text]
  • Lee-Riding-2018.Pdf
    Earth-Science Reviews 181 (2018) 98–121 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Earth-Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/earscirev Marine oxygenation, lithistid sponges, and the early history of Paleozoic T skeletal reefs ⁎ Jeong-Hyun Leea, , Robert Ridingb a Department of Geology and Earth Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea b Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Microbial carbonates were major components of early Paleozoic reefs until coral-stromatoporoid-bryozoan reefs Cambrian appeared in the mid-Ordovician. Microbial reefs were augmented by archaeocyath sponges for ~15 Myr in the Reef gap early Cambrian, by lithistid sponges for the remaining ~25 Myr of the Cambrian, and then by lithistid, calathiid Dysoxia and pulchrilaminid sponges for the first ~25 Myr of the Ordovician. The factors responsible for mid–late Hypoxia Cambrian microbial-lithistid sponge reef dominance remain unclear. Although oxygen increase appears to have Lithistid sponge-microbial reef significantly contributed to the early Cambrian ‘Explosion’ of marine animal life, it was followed by a prolonged period dominated by ‘greenhouse’ conditions, as sea-level rose and CO2 increased. The mid–late Cambrian was unusually warm, and these elevated temperatures can be expected to have lowered oxygen solubility, and to have promoted widespread thermal stratification resulting in marine dysoxia and hypoxia. Greenhouse condi- tions would also have stimulated carbonate platform development, locally further limiting shallow-water cir- culation. Low marine oxygenation has been linked to episodic extinctions of phytoplankton, trilobites and other metazoans during the mid–late Cambrian.
    [Show full text]
  • And Early Jurassic Sediments, and Patterns of the Triassic-Jurassic
    and Early Jurassic sediments, and patterns of the Triassic-Jurassic PAUL E. OLSEN AND tetrapod transition HANS-DIETER SUES Introduction parent answer was that the supposed mass extinc- The Late Triassic-Early Jurassic boundary is fre- tions in the tetrapod record were largely an artifact quently cited as one of the thirteen or so episodes of incorrect or questionable biostratigraphic corre- of major extinctions that punctuate Phanerozoic his- lations. On reexamining the problem, we have come tory (Colbert 1958; Newell 1967; Hallam 1981; Raup to realize that the kinds of patterns revealed by look- and Sepkoski 1982, 1984). These times of apparent ing at the change in taxonomic composition through decimation stand out as one class of the great events time also profoundly depend on the taxonomic levels in the history of life. and the sampling intervals examined. We address Renewed interest in the pattern of mass ex- those problems in this chapter. We have now found tinctions through time has stimulated novel and com- that there does indeed appear to be some sort of prehensive attempts to relate these patterns to other extinction event, but it cannot be examined at the terrestrial and extraterrestrial phenomena (see usual coarse levels of resolution. It requires new fine- Chapter 24). The Triassic-Jurassic boundary takes scaled documentation of specific faunal and floral on special significance in this light. First, the faunal transitions. transitions have been cited as even greater in mag- Stratigraphic correlation of geographically dis- nitude than those of the Cretaceous or the Permian junct rocks and assemblages predetermines our per- (Colbert 1958; Hallam 1981; see also Chapter 24).
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract Volume
    https://doi.org/10.3301/ABSGI.2019.04 Milano, 2-5 July 2019 ABSTRACT BOOK a cura della Società Geologica Italiana 3rd International Congress on Stratigraphy GENERAL CHAIRS Marco Balini, Università di Milano, Italy Elisabetta Erba, Università di Milano, Italy - past President Società Geologica Italiana 2015-2017 SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Adele Bertini, Peter Brack, William Cavazza, Mauro Coltorti, Piero Di Stefano, Annalisa Ferretti, Stanley C. Finney, Fabio Florindo, Fabrizio Galluzzo, Piero Gianolla, David A.T. Harper, Martin J. Head, Thijs van Kolfschoten, Maria Marino, Simonetta Monechi, Giovanni Monegato, Maria Rose Petrizzo, Claudia Principe, Isabella Raffi, Lorenzo Rook ORGANIZING COMMITTEE The Organizing Committee is composed by members of the Department of Earth Sciences “Ardito Desio” and of the Società Geologica Italiana Lucia Angiolini, Cinzia Bottini, Bernardo Carmina, Domenico Cosentino, Fabrizio Felletti, Daniela Germani, Fabio M. Petti, Alessandro Zuccari FIELD TRIP COMMITTEE Fabrizio Berra, Mattia Marini, Maria Letizia Pampaloni, Marcello Tropeano ABSTRACT BOOK EDITORS Fabio M. Petti, Giulia Innamorati, Bernardo Carmina, Daniela Germani Papers, data, figures, maps and any other material published are covered by the copyright own by the Società Geologica Italiana. DISCLAIMER: The Società Geologica Italiana, the Editors are not responsible for the ideas, opinions, and contents of the papers published; the authors of each paper are responsible for the ideas opinions and con- tents published. La Società Geologica Italiana, i curatori scientifici non sono responsabili delle opinioni espresse e delle affermazioni pubblicate negli articoli: l’autore/i è/sono il/i solo/i responsabile/i. ST3.2 Cambrian stratigraphy, events and geochronology Conveners and Chairpersons Per Ahlberg (Lund University, Sweden) Loren E.
    [Show full text]
  • Durham Research Online
    Durham Research Online Deposited in DRO: 14 September 2016 Version of attached le: Accepted Version Peer-review status of attached le: Peer-reviewed Citation for published item: Zhang, X.-G. and Smith, M.R. and Yang, J. and Hou, J.-B. (2016) 'Onychophoran-like musculature in a phosphatized Cambrian lobopodian.', Biology letters., 12 (9). p. 20160492. Further information on publisher's website: http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/ Publisher's copyright statement: Additional information: Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Durham University Library, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LY, United Kingdom Tel : +44 (0)191 334 3042 | Fax : +44 (0)191 334 2971 https://dro.dur.ac.uk Submitted to Biology Letters Onychophoran -like musculature in a phosphatized Cambrian lobopodian Journal:For Biology Review Letters Only Manuscript ID RSBL-2016-0492.R2 Article Type: Research Date Submitted by the Author: 23-Aug-2016 Complete List of Authors: Zhang, Xi-guang; Yunnan University, Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology; Smith, Martin; Durham University Yang, Jie; Yunnan University, The Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology Hou, Jin-bo; Yunnan University Subject: Evolution < BIOLOGY, Palaeontology < BIOLOGY Categories: Palaeontology Keywords: lobopodians, muscle, evolution, taphonomy, phylogenetics http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/bl Page 1 of 14 Submitted to Biology Letters 1 Onychophoran-like musculature in a phosphatized Cambrian 2 lobopodian 3 4 Xi-Guang Zhang 1*, Martin R.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ediacaran–Cambrian Transition: the Emerging Record from Small Carbonaceous Fossils (Scfs)
    38 The Ediacaran–Cambrian transition: the emerging record from Small Carbonaceous Fossils (SCFs) Ben J. Slater1, Thomas H.P. Harvey2, Romain Guilbaud3, Sebastian Willman1, Graham E. Budd1, Nicholas J. Butterfield4. 1Department of Earth Sciences (Palaeobiology), Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden ([email protected]) 2School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK 3Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK. 4Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK Abstract.––The most profound change in the fossil record is centered on the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition. Sediments deposited near to this boundary record the first complex trace fossils, the first animal biomineralizers and the earliest fossils of the major animal groups that came to define the subsequent Phanerozoic fossil record. Here we discuss how the emerging record of small carbonaceous fossils (SCFs) is shedding new light on unmineralized aspects of the biota from this critical evolutionary transition. The new SCFs record complements currently established records from trace fossils and biomineralized shelly-remains in reconstructing the broader scale macroevolutionary patterns of this transition, but via an entirely different taphonomic window. SCFs extend the record of multiple major animal groups, improve our picture of protistan diversity from this interval, and reveal new data on elements of the biota that span the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary. Key words: small carbonaceous fossils; bilateria; Burgess Shale-type preservation; Ediacaran; Terreneuvian. The dramatic changes in the fossil record across subsequent Cambrian radiation (Butterfield, the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition seemingly 2003; Slater et al., 2018a).
    [Show full text]
  • Ediacaran and Cambrian Stratigraphy in Estonia: an Updated Review
    Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2017, 66, 3, 152–160 https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2017.12 Ediacaran and Cambrian stratigraphy in Estonia: an updated review Tõnu Meidla Department of Geology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; [email protected] Received 18 December 2015, accepted 18 May 2017, available online 6 July 2017 Abstract. Previous late Precambrian and Cambrian correlation charts of Estonia, summarizing the regional stratigraphic nomenclature of the 20th century, date back to 1997. The main aim of this review is updating these charts based on recent advances in the global Precambrian and Cambrian stratigraphy and new data from regions adjacent to Estonia. The term ‘Ediacaran’ is introduced for the latest Precambrian succession in Estonia to replace the formerly used ‘Vendian’. Correlation with the dated sections in adjacent areas suggests that only the latest 7–10 Ma of the Ediacaran is represented in the Estonian succession. The gap between the Ediacaran and Cambrian may be rather substantial. The global fourfold subdivision of the Cambrian System is introduced for Estonia. The lower boundary of Series 2 is drawn at the base of the Sõru Formation and the base of Series 3 slightly above the former lower boundary of the ‘Middle Cambrian’ in the Baltic region, marked by a gap in the Estonian succession. The base of the Furongian is located near the base of the Petseri Formation. Key words: Ediacaran, Cambrian, correlation chart, biozonation, regional stratigraphy, Estonia, East European Craton. INTRODUCTION The latest stratigraphic chart of the Cambrian System in Estonia (Mens & Pirrus 1997b, p.
    [Show full text]