PHYLOGENY and DISTRIBUTION by LARS E
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Diversity Partitioning During the Cambrian Radiation
Diversity partitioning during the Cambrian radiation Lin Naa,1 and Wolfgang Kiesslinga,b aGeoZentrum Nordbayern, Paleobiology and Paleoenvironments, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; and bMuseum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity at the Humboldt University Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany Edited by Douglas H. Erwin, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, and accepted by the Editorial Board March 10, 2015 (received for review January 2, 2015) The fossil record offers unique insights into the environmental and Results geographic partitioning of biodiversity during global diversifica- Raw gamma diversity exhibits a strong increase in the first three tions. We explored biodiversity patterns during the Cambrian Cambrian stages (informally referred to as early Cambrian in this radiation, the most dramatic radiation in Earth history. We as- work) (Fig. 1A). Gamma diversity dropped in Stage 4 and de- sessed how the overall increase in global diversity was partitioned clined further through the rest of the Cambrian. The pattern is between within-community (alpha) and between-community (beta) robust to sampling standardization (Fig. 1B) and insensitive to components and how beta diversity was partitioned among environ- including or excluding the archaeocyath sponges, which are po- ments and geographic regions. Changes in gamma diversity in the tentially oversplit (16). Alpha and beta diversity increased from Cambrian were chiefly driven by changes in beta diversity. The the Fortunian to Stage 3, and fluctuated erratically through the combined trajectories of alpha and beta diversity during the initial following stages (Fig. 2). Our estimate of alpha (and indirectly diversification suggest low competition and high predation within beta) diversity is based on the number of genera in published communities. -
A New Middle Cambrian Trilobite with a Specialized Cephalon from Shandong Province, North China
Editors' choice A new middle Cambrian trilobite with a specialized cephalon from Shandong Province, North China ZHIXIN SUN, HAN ZENG, and FANGCHEN ZHAO Sun, Z., Zeng, H., and Zhao, F. 2020. A new middle Cambrian trilobite with a specialized cephalon from Shandong Province, North China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 65 (4): 709–718. Trilobites achieved their maximum generic diversity in the Cambrian, but the peak of morphological disparity of their cranidia occurred in the Middle to Late Ordovician. Early to middle Cambrian trilobites with a specialized cephalon are rare, especially among the ptychoparioids, a group of libristomates featuring the so-called “generalized” bauplan. Here we describe an unusual ptychopariid trilobite Phantaspis auritus gen. et sp. nov. from the middle Cambrian (Miaolingian, Wuliuan) Mantou Formation in the Shandong Province, North China. This new taxon is characterized by a cephalon with an extended anterior area of double-lobate shape resembling a pair of rabbit ears in later ontogenetic stages; a unique type of cephalic specialization that has not been reported from other trilobites. Such a peculiar cephalon as in Phantaspis provides new insights into the variations of cephalic morphology in middle Cambrian trilobites, and may represent a heuristic example of ecological specialization to predation or an improved discoidal enrollment. Key words: Trilobita, Ptychopariida, ontogeny, specialization, Miaolingian, Paleozoic, Longgang, Asia. Zhixin Sun [[email protected]], Han Zeng [[email protected]], and Fangchen Zhao [[email protected]] (cor responding author), State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palae ontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. -
Western North Greenland (Laurentia)
BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF DENMARK · VOL. 69 · 2021 Trilobite fauna of the Telt Bugt Formation (Cambrian Series 2–Miaolingian Series), western North Greenland (Laurentia) JOHN S. PEEL Peel, J.S. 2021. Trilobite fauna of the Telt Bugt Formation (Cambrian Series 2–Mi- aolingian Series), western North Greenland (Laurentia). Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, Vol. 69, pp. 1–33. ISSN 2245-7070. https://doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-2021-69-01 Trilobites dominantly of middle Cambrian (Miaolingian Series, Wuliuan Stage) Geological Society of Denmark age are described from the Telt Bugt Formation of Daugaard-Jensen Land, western https://2dgf.dk North Greenland (Laurentia), which is a correlative of the Cape Wood Formation of Inglefield Land and Ellesmere Island, Nunavut. Four biozones are recognised in Received 6 July 2020 Daugaard-Jensen Land, representing the Delamaran and Topazan regional stages Accepted in revised form of the western USA. The basal Plagiura–Poliella Biozone, with Mexicella cf. robusta, 16 December 2020 Kochiella, Fieldaspis? and Plagiura?, straddles the Cambrian Series 2–Miaolingian Series Published online 20 January 2021 boundary. It is overlain by the Mexicella mexicana Biozone, recognised for the first time in Greenland, with rare specimens of Caborcella arrojosensis. The Glossopleura walcotti © 2021 the authors. Re-use of material is Biozone, with Glossopleura, Clavaspidella and Polypleuraspis, dominates the succes- permitted, provided this work is cited. sion in eastern Daugaard-Jensen Land but is seemingly not represented in the type Creative Commons License CC BY: section in western outcrops, likely reflecting the drastic thinning of the formation https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ towards the north-west. -
Proposed Global Standard Stratotype-Section And
PROPOSED GLOBAL STANDARD STRATOTYPE-SECTION AND POINT FOR THE DRUMIAN STAGE (CAMBRIAN) Prepared for the International Subcommission on Cambrian Stratigraphy by: Loren E. Babcock School of Earth Sciences The Ohio State University, 125 South Oval Mall Columbus, OH 43210, USA [email protected] Richard A. Robison Department of Geology, University of Kansas Lawrence, KS 66045, USA [email protected] Margaret N. Rees Department of Geoscience University of Nevada, Las Vegas Las Vegas, NV 89145, USA [email protected] Peng Shanchi Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China [email protected] Matthew R. Saltzman School of Earth Sciences The Ohio State University, 125 South Oval Mall Columbus, OH 43210, USA [email protected] 31 July 2006 CONTENTS Introduction …………………………………………………………………………. 2 Proposal: Stratotype Ridge, Drum Mountains (Millard County, Utah, USA) as the GSSP for the base of the Drumian Stage ……………………………………………………. 3 1. Stratigraphic rank of the boundary …………………..…………………………… 3 2. Proposed GSSP – geography and physical geology ……………………………… 3 2.1. Geographic location …………………………………………………...….. 3 2.2. Geological location ………………..……………………...…………...….. 4 2.3. Location of level and specific point ……………………..……………...… 4 2.4. Stratigraphic completeness ………………...……………………………… 5 2.5. Thickness and stratigraphic extent …………………...……………...……. 5 2.6. Provisions for conservation, protection, and accessibility ……………..…. 5 3. Motivation for selection of the boundary level and of the potential stratotype section ………………………………………………………………………………. 6 3.1. Principal correlation event (marker) at GSSP level ………...…………..… 6 3.2. Potential stratotype section …………………………………………....….. 7 3.3. Demonstration of regional and global correlation ………………………... 8 3.3.1. Agnostoid trilobite biostratigraphy ………………………………… 9 3.3.2. Polymerid trilobite biostratigraphy …………....…………….……. -
Durham Research Online
Durham Research Online Deposited in DRO: 14 September 2016 Version of attached le: Accepted Version Peer-review status of attached le: Peer-reviewed Citation for published item: Zhang, X.-G. and Smith, M.R. and Yang, J. and Hou, J.-B. (2016) 'Onychophoran-like musculature in a phosphatized Cambrian lobopodian.', Biology letters., 12 (9). p. 20160492. Further information on publisher's website: http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/ Publisher's copyright statement: Additional information: Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Durham University Library, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LY, United Kingdom Tel : +44 (0)191 334 3042 | Fax : +44 (0)191 334 2971 https://dro.dur.ac.uk Submitted to Biology Letters Onychophoran -like musculature in a phosphatized Cambrian lobopodian Journal:For Biology Review Letters Only Manuscript ID RSBL-2016-0492.R2 Article Type: Research Date Submitted by the Author: 23-Aug-2016 Complete List of Authors: Zhang, Xi-guang; Yunnan University, Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology; Smith, Martin; Durham University Yang, Jie; Yunnan University, The Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology Hou, Jin-bo; Yunnan University Subject: Evolution < BIOLOGY, Palaeontology < BIOLOGY Categories: Palaeontology Keywords: lobopodians, muscle, evolution, taphonomy, phylogenetics http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/bl Page 1 of 14 Submitted to Biology Letters 1 Onychophoran-like musculature in a phosphatized Cambrian 2 lobopodian 3 4 Xi-Guang Zhang 1*, Martin R. -
The Ediacaran–Cambrian Transition: the Emerging Record from Small Carbonaceous Fossils (Scfs)
38 The Ediacaran–Cambrian transition: the emerging record from Small Carbonaceous Fossils (SCFs) Ben J. Slater1, Thomas H.P. Harvey2, Romain Guilbaud3, Sebastian Willman1, Graham E. Budd1, Nicholas J. Butterfield4. 1Department of Earth Sciences (Palaeobiology), Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden ([email protected]) 2School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK 3Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK. 4Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK Abstract.––The most profound change in the fossil record is centered on the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition. Sediments deposited near to this boundary record the first complex trace fossils, the first animal biomineralizers and the earliest fossils of the major animal groups that came to define the subsequent Phanerozoic fossil record. Here we discuss how the emerging record of small carbonaceous fossils (SCFs) is shedding new light on unmineralized aspects of the biota from this critical evolutionary transition. The new SCFs record complements currently established records from trace fossils and biomineralized shelly-remains in reconstructing the broader scale macroevolutionary patterns of this transition, but via an entirely different taphonomic window. SCFs extend the record of multiple major animal groups, improve our picture of protistan diversity from this interval, and reveal new data on elements of the biota that span the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary. Key words: small carbonaceous fossils; bilateria; Burgess Shale-type preservation; Ediacaran; Terreneuvian. The dramatic changes in the fossil record across subsequent Cambrian radiation (Butterfield, the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition seemingly 2003; Slater et al., 2018a). -
Palaeoecology of the Early Cambrian Sinsk Biota from the Siberian Platform
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 220 (2005) 69–88 www.elsevier.com/locate/palaeo Palaeoecology of the Early Cambrian Sinsk biota from the Siberian Platform Andrey Yu. Ivantsova, Andrey Yu. Zhuravlevb,T, Anton V. Legutaa, Valentin A. Krassilova, Lyudmila M. Melnikovaa, Galina T. Ushatinskayaa aPalaeontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Profsoyuznaya 123, Moscow 117997, Russia bA´rea y Museo de Paleontologı´a, faculdad de Ciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna, 12, E-50009, Zaragoza, Spain Received 1 February 2002; accepted 15 January 2004 Abstract The Sinsk biota (Early Cambrian, Botoman Stage, Siberian Platform) inhabited an open-marine basin within the photic zone, but in oxygen-depleted bottom waters. Its rapid burial in a fine-grained sediment under anoxic conditions led to the formation of one of the earliest Cambrian Lagerst7tte. All the organisms of the biota were adapted to a life under dysaerobic conditions. It seems possible that the adaptations of many Cambrian organisms, which composed the trophic nucleus of the Sinsk Algal Lens palaeocommunity to low oxygen tensions allowed them to diversify in the earliest Palaeozoic, especially during the Cambrian. Nowadays these groups comprise only a negligible part of communities and usually survive in settings with low levels of competition. Nonetheless, the organization of the Algal Lens palaeocommunity was not simple, it consisted of diverse trophic guilds. The tiering among sessile filter-feeders was well developed with the upper tier at the 50 cm level. In terms of individuals, the community was dominated by sessile filter-feeders, vagrant detritophages, and diverse carnivores/scavengers. The same groups, but in slightly different order, comprised the bulk of the biovolume: vagrant epifaunal and nektobenthic carnivores/ scavengers, sessile filter-feeders, and vagrant detritophages. -
Systematics, Biogeography and Palaeoecology of Cambrian Series 3 Trilobites and Agnostids from East Gondwana
University of New England SYSTEMATICS, BIOGEOGRAPHY AND PALAEOECOLOGY OF CAMBRIAN SERIES 3 TRILOBITES AND AGNOSTIDS FROM EAST GONDWANA by Lee Ann Hally B. Ed (Charles Sturt Uni., Bathurst. July 1977) B. Sc (Macquarie Uni., Sydney. March 1984) M. Sc (Macquarie Uni., Sydney. March 1989) This thesis is submitted to fulfill the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from the University of New England. October 2015 Declaration All work submitted is solely for a PhD at University of New England, Armidale. NSW. All assistance for this PhD and all sources used in its preparation are duly acknowledged. Signature Lee Ann Hally October 2015 i Acknowledgements I am ever grateful to my supervisor, Dr. J.R. Paterson, for his phronesis in the art of palaeontology and his love of teaching his craft. He has been an inspiration and his guidance always caused me to reflect and grow in my own way. I am forever grateful for his support and guidance, as well as his friendship. I thank my assistant supervisor, Dr. I. Metcalfe, for his valuable comments and discussions and Dr. N. Vickery for her support in many ways over the four years of my PhD. I owe the initial inspiration for this research to my undergraduate and postgraduate lecturers at Macquarie University, Prof. John Talent and A. Prof. Ruth Mawson. They created a passion in me which drove me to greater heights and I am forever grateful. I owe much of my development over the period of undertaking my PhD, to my husband Steve’s tolerance, humour and good cooking! His knowledge of all animals, even agnostids, is amazing! I thank Drs. -
International Chronostratigraphic Chart
INTERNATIONAL CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC CHART www.stratigraphy.org International Commission on Stratigraphy v 2018/08 numerical numerical numerical Eonothem numerical Series / Epoch Stage / Age Series / Epoch Stage / Age Series / Epoch Stage / Age GSSP GSSP GSSP GSSP EonothemErathem / Eon System / Era / Period age (Ma) EonothemErathem / Eon System/ Era / Period age (Ma) EonothemErathem / Eon System/ Era / Period age (Ma) / Eon Erathem / Era System / Period GSSA age (Ma) present ~ 145.0 358.9 ± 0.4 541.0 ±1.0 U/L Meghalayan 0.0042 Holocene M Northgrippian 0.0082 Tithonian Ediacaran L/E Greenlandian 152.1 ±0.9 ~ 635 Upper 0.0117 Famennian Neo- 0.126 Upper Kimmeridgian Cryogenian Middle 157.3 ±1.0 Upper proterozoic ~ 720 Pleistocene 0.781 372.2 ±1.6 Calabrian Oxfordian Tonian 1.80 163.5 ±1.0 Frasnian Callovian 1000 Quaternary Gelasian 166.1 ±1.2 2.58 Bathonian 382.7 ±1.6 Stenian Middle 168.3 ±1.3 Piacenzian Bajocian 170.3 ±1.4 Givetian 1200 Pliocene 3.600 Middle 387.7 ±0.8 Meso- Zanclean Aalenian proterozoic Ectasian 5.333 174.1 ±1.0 Eifelian 1400 Messinian Jurassic 393.3 ±1.2 7.246 Toarcian Devonian Calymmian Tortonian 182.7 ±0.7 Emsian 1600 11.63 Pliensbachian Statherian Lower 407.6 ±2.6 Serravallian 13.82 190.8 ±1.0 Lower 1800 Miocene Pragian 410.8 ±2.8 Proterozoic Neogene Sinemurian Langhian 15.97 Orosirian 199.3 ±0.3 Lochkovian Paleo- 2050 Burdigalian Hettangian 201.3 ±0.2 419.2 ±3.2 proterozoic 20.44 Mesozoic Rhaetian Pridoli Rhyacian Aquitanian 423.0 ±2.3 23.03 ~ 208.5 Ludfordian 2300 Cenozoic Chattian Ludlow 425.6 ±0.9 Siderian 27.82 Gorstian -
Burgess Shale−Type Biotas Were Not Entirely Burrowed Away
Downloaded from geology.gsapubs.org on September 25, 2015 Burgess shale−type biotas were not entirely burrowed away Robert R. Gaines1, Mary L. Droser2, Patrick J. Orr3, Daniel Garson2, Emma Hammarlund4,5, Changshi Qi6, and Donald E. Canfi eld4 1Geology Department, Pomona College, 185 E. Sixth Street, Claremont, California 91711, USA 2Department of Earth Sciences, University of California−Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA 3UCD School of Geological Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland 4Nordic Center for Earth Evolution, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark 5Department of Palaeozoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden 6Yunnan Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China ABSTRACT tion, a deepened redox boundary in sediment pore waters (e.g., Thayer, Burgess Shale−type biotas occur globally in the Cambrian record 1983; Ziebis et al., 1996), and increased sulfate availability in the global and offer unparalleled insight into the Cambrian explosion, the initial ocean (Canfi eld and Farquhar, 2009), all of which would affect the preser- Phanerozoic radiation of the Metazoa. Deposits bearing exception- vation potential of labile tissues. ally preserved soft-bodied fossils are unusually common in Cambrian An increase in depth of bioturbation and intensity of sediment mix- strata; more than 40 are now known. The well-documented decline of ing accompanying the expansion of the infaunal habitat through the early soft-bodied preservation following the Middle Cambrian represents Paleozoic is well documented in carbonate platform settings (Ausich and the closure of a taphonomic window that was only intermittently Bottjer, 1982; Droser and Bottjer, 1988, 1989). In muddy settings, sedi- open in marine environments thereafter. -
Chemostratigraphic Correlations Across the First Major Trilobite
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Chemostratigraphic correlations across the frst major trilobite extinction and faunal turnovers between Laurentia and South China Jih-Pai Lin 1*, Frederick A. Sundberg2, Ganqing Jiang3, Isabel P. Montañez4 & Thomas Wotte5 During Cambrian Stage 4 (~514 Ma) the oceans were widely populated with endemic trilobites and three major faunas can be distinguished: olenellids, redlichiids, and paradoxidids. The lower–middle Cambrian boundary in Laurentia was based on the frst major trilobite extinction event that is known as the Olenellid Biomere boundary. However, international correlation across this boundary (the Cambrian Series 2–Series 3 boundary) has been a challenge since the formal proposal of a four-series subdivision of the Cambrian System in 2005. Recently, the base of the international Cambrian Series 3 and of Stage 5 has been named as the base of the Miaolingian Series and Wuliuan Stage. This study provides detailed chemostratigraphy coupled with biostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy across this critical boundary interval based on eight sections in North America and South China. Our results show robust isotopic evidence associated with major faunal turnovers across the Cambrian Series 2–Series 3 boundary in both Laurentia and South China. While the olenellid extinction event in Laurentia and the gradual extinction of redlichiids in South China are linked by an abrupt negative carbonate carbon excursion, the frst appearance datum of Oryctocephalus indicus is currently the best horizon to achieve correlation between the two regions. Te international correlation of the traditional lower–middle Cambrian boundary has been exceedingly difcult primarily due to apparent diachroniety of the datum species used to defne the boundary refecting the endemic faunas. -
Revised Sequence Stratigraphy of the Ordovician of Baltoscandia …………………………………………… 20 Druzhinina, O
Baltic Stratigraphical Association Department of Geology, Faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Latvia Natural History Museum of Latvia THE EIGHTH BALTIC STRATIGRAPHICAL CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS Edited by E. Lukševičs, Ģ. Stinkulis and J. Vasiļkova Rīga, 2011 The Eigth Baltic Stratigraphical Conference 28 August – 1 September 2011, Latvia Abstracts Edited by E. Lukševičs, Ģ. Stinkulis and J. Vasiļkova Scientific Committee: Organisers: Prof. Algimantas Grigelis (Vilnius) Baltic Stratigraphical Association Dr. Olle Hints (Tallinn) Department of Geology, University of Latvia Dr. Alexander Ivanov (St. Petersburg) Natural History Museum of Latvia Prof. Leszek Marks (Warsaw) Northern Vidzeme Geopark Prof. Tõnu Meidla (Tartu) Dr. Jonas Satkūnas (Vilnius) Prof. Valdis Segliņš (Riga) Prof. Vitālijs Zelčs (Chairman, Riga) Recommended reference to this publication Ceriņa, A. 2011. Plant macrofossil assemblages from the Eemian-Weichselian deposits of Latvia and problems of their interpretation. In: Lukševičs, E., Stinkulis, Ģ. and Vasiļkova, J. (eds). The Eighth Baltic Stratigraphical Conference. Abstracts. University of Latvia, Riga. P. 18. The Conference has special sessions of IGCP Project No 591 “The Early to Middle Palaeozoic Revolution” and IGCP Project No 596 “Climate change and biodiversity patterns in the Mid-Palaeozoic (Early Devonian to Late Carboniferous)”. See more information at http://igcl591.org. Electronic version can be downloaded at www.geo.lu.lv/8bsc Hard copies can be obtained from: Department of Geology, Faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Latvia Raiņa Boulevard 19, Riga LV-1586, Latvia E-mail: [email protected] ISBN 978-9984-45-383-5 Riga, 2011 2 Preface Baltic co-operation in regional stratigraphy is active since the foundation of the Baltic Regional Stratigraphical Commission (BRSC) in 1969 (Grigelis, this volume).