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Jack R. Keene. Ground-Water Resources of the Western Half Of United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission Official Hearing Exhibit NRC-138 POWERTECH USA, INC. In the Matter of: (Dewey-Burdock In Situ Uranium Recovery Facility) Submitted: June 20, 2014 ASLBP #: 10-898-02-MLA-BD01 Docket #: 04009075 Exhibit #: NRC-138-00-BD01 Identified: 8/19/2014 Admitted: 8/19/2014 Withdrawn: Rejected: Stricken: Other: !Vo../09 GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF THE WESTERN HALF OF FALL RIVER COUNTY, S. D. by Jack R. Keene ---------.---- � - -- ·...,..,.--.....-, I ., .. � I c " Ar.J{oSli.Jrll P.e:se:-vorr ' I flaCIIOie Mtn Hay Can();o n Bu .. ,. te 1 Tepe� Mtn -1· , I F A L R V E R - DEPART MENT OF NATURAL RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT GEOLOGICAL SURVEY U.S.D. CAMPUS-VERMILL ION, SOUTH DAKOTA l •' # f I ( . 0 SURVEY PERSONNEL MAIN OFFICE Vermillion, South Dakota Science Center, University Duncan J. McGregor, Ph.D. State Geologist E. P. Rothrock, Ph.D. State Geologist, emeritus Merlin J. Tipton, M.A. Associate State Geologist Wilton Davenport Administrative Assistant Assad Barari, M.A. Geologist Dennis Beissel, M.S. Geologist Cleo M. Christensen, M.A. Geologist Ronald Helgerson, B.A. Geologist Bruno Petsch, A.B. Geologist, emeritus Robert A. Schoon, M.A. Geologist Wayne Schroeder, M.N.S. Geologist Robert L. Stach, B.S. Geologist Carl Carlson Printer Kathy Doescher Stenographer Lloyd Helseth Driller Dennis W. Johnson Draftsman Colleen Odenbrett Secretary Lyle Steffen Driller Millard A. Thompson, Jr. Driller WESTERN FIELD OFFiCE Rapid City, South Dakota 308 West Boulevard Dorothy Ellingson Stenographer J. C. Harksen, M.S. Geologist Fred V. Steece, M.A. Supervisor (Oil and Gas) STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA Richard Kneip, Governor DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT Joe Gri~es, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Duncan J. McGregor, State Geologist Report of Investigations No. 109 GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF THE WESTERN HALF OF FALL RIVER COUNTY, SOUTH DAKOTA by Jack R. Keene Science Center University of South Dakota Vermillion, South Dakota 1973 Modified from a thesis submitted to the Department of Geological Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING SOUTH DAKOTA SCHOOL OF MINES AND TECHNOLOGY RAPID CITY, SOUTH DAKOTA July 1970 CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT .......................................................................... INTRODUCTION .................................... , ............................... Location and area .................................................................. Purpose of investigation ............................................................. Previous investigation ............................................................... Method of investigation ..................................... , . 3 Well-numbering system . .. 3 Acknowledgments . 3 GEOGRAPHY . 5 Topography and vegetation . 5 Climate ........................................... ·................................ 5 General......................................................................... 5 Precipitation . 6 Stream runoff . 7 Evapotranspiration .................................................. , . 7 History of the County and population . 8 Transportation . 8 Economy of the area . 8 STRATIGRAPHY . 9 General . 9 Quaternary System 9 Cretaceous System 9 Pierre Formation ................................................................ 9 Niobrara Formation ................................... ·........................... 11 Carlile Formation . ·............................................................... 11 Greenhorn Formation ........................................................... ·.. 11 Graneros Group ................................................................. 11 · Fall River Formation .............................................................. 12 Lakota Formation 13 STRATIGRAPHY-- continued. Page Jurassic System .................................................................... 14 Morrison Formation ........................................................... ; .. 14 Unkpapa Sandstone .............................. , ............................... 14 Sundance Formation ............................................................. 15 Permian and Triassic System .......................................................... 15 Spearfish Formation .........•............... ·..................................... 15 Minn~kahta Limestone ................ , ........•................................... 16 Qpeche Formation ................................................................ 16 Pennsylvanian and Permian System ... , .................................................. 16 Minnelusa Formation ............................................................. 16 Mississippian System .....................•........ ·................. ; ................. 17 Pahasapa Formation ......................•........................................ 17 STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY ........•................................ , .................. 17 GROUND-WATER HYDROLOGY OF WESTERN FALL RIVER COUNTY .................... 20 Ground-water inventory ............................... , ... , ......................... 20 Hydrologic characteristics of the principal aquifers .................. , ...................... 20 Quaternary alluvial deposits ....................•...•........ ·....................... 21 Fall River Formation .....•........................................................ 24 Lakota Formation .. , .... , .............•.......... , .............................. 24 Sundance Formation ............................................................. 26 Pahasapa Formation .............................................................. 26 Water quality ...................................................................... 26 Total dissolved solids (TDS) .......................... , ............................. 27 Hardness ......•..................... • . • .. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 27 Specific electrical conductance •................ , .................................... 27 Hydrogen ion concentration (pH) .•........................•......................... 27 Sodium absorption ratio (SARI ..................... , ............................... 27 Sodium ........................................................................ 27 Calcium and magnesium ........................................................... 28 Iron ........................................................................... 28 ii t, GROUND-WATER HYDROLOGY OF WESTERN FALL RIVER COUNTY·· continued. Page Silica . 28 Fluoride . 28 Chloride . 28 Carbonate and bicarbonate ........................ ·. 28 Sulfate 28 Nitrate 29 Trace constituents . • . 29 Hydrogen sulfide . 29 Water quality of the principal aquifers . 29 General......................................................................... 29 Quaternary alluvial deposits . 30 lnyan Kara Group . 31 Sundance Formation . 35 Pahasapa Formation .................................. , . 35 Aquifer recharge . 35 CONCLUSIONS....................................................................... 36 General . 36 Drinking water ......................................................· . 37 Livestock water . .. 38 Irrigation water . 41 Industrial water . 43 Water conservation . 43 GLOSSARY OF GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC TERMS . 43 BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................... : . 44 APPENDICES A. Selected precipitation data for the Cheyenne River basin . 47 B. Selected streamflow records of the Cheyenne River.. 55 C. Wells, springs, and reference data . 61 D. Selected potentiometric data . 79 iii APPENDICES-- continued. Page E. Selected water quality data 81 ILLUSTRATIONS PLATE (Plate is in pocket) 1. Structural contour map of Fall River County, South Dakota FIGURES Page 1. Map showing location of study area indicating major streams and cultural features . 2 2. Diagram showing well-numbering system . 4 3. The hydrologic cycle of western Fall River County . 6 4. Generalized geologic section of western Fall River County . 10 5. Generalized cross section showing relationship of the Dakota Sandstone to the Cretaceous section in western South Dakota . 12 6. Diagram showing the relationship of members and lithology of the Fall River Formation . .. 13 7. Diagram showing the relationship of units of the Lakota Formation. 14 8. Lithology of the Sundance Formation 15 9. Lithology of the Minnelusa Formation 18 10. Stiff diagrams of Pahasapa, Minnelusa, and Cascade Springs waters............................. 22 11. Major deposits of alluvial fill in western Fall River County . 23 12. Probable potentiometric surface of the Fall River Formation . 25 13. Areal distribution of types of water within the lnyan Kara aquifers 32 14. Isopach map of the S-5 Sandstone Member of the Fall River Formation showing alteration of pyrite to limonite and hematite . 34 15. Drinking water standards for South Dakota and typical ion concentrations for the principal aquifers ...................... ; . 38 16. Recommended safe limits of ions in water for cattle . 40 17. Irrigation classification of Fall River County aquifers . ..
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