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International Journal of Universal Pharmacy and Bio

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International Journal of Universal Pharmacy and Bio 37 | P a g e International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): 2319-8141 International Journal of Universal Pharmacy and Bio Sciences 5(1): January-February 2016 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UNIVERSAL PHARMACY AND BIO SCIENCES IMPACT FACTOR 2.093*** ICV 5.13*** Pharmaceutical Sciences REVIEW ARTICLE …………!!! “A REVIEW-PHARMACOLOGY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS” 1S. Senthilkumar and 2K.Vijayakumari 1Research and Development, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. 2Head, Department of Botany, Govt. Arts College for Women, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India. KEYWORDS: ABSTRACT Pharmacology, Pharmacological industries have produced a number of new Medicinal plants, antibiotics in the last three decades, in spite of that resistance to Diseases. these drugs by microorganisms has also been increased. In For Correspondence: general, bacteria have the genetic ability to transmit and acquire S. Senthilkumar * resistance to drugs, which are utilized as therapeutic agents. The Address: Research and world is now looking towards India for new drugs to manage Development, Bharathiar various challenging diseases because of its rich biodiversity of University, Coimbatore, medicinal plants and abundance of traditional knowledge such as Tamil Nadu, India. siddha, Ayurveda etc. Full Text Available On www.ijupbs.com 38 | P a g e International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): 2319-8141 INTRODUCTION: The use of plants with pharmaceutical properties has received increased interest nowadays from both homeopathic and allopathic branches. These medicinal plants play an important role in public health, especially in developing countries, where it is belived that the intense utilization of plants with therapeutic action does not lead to intoxication. The cost of drugs in use today is too expensive for the majority of the population in the third world countries and therefore the search for some cheap sources of antimicrobial substances in nature become inevitable. Plants are good sources for new safe, biodegradable and renewable drugs. The use of plants as therapeutic agents in addition to being as food is age long. India is a country rich in indigenous herbal resources which grow on their varied topography and under changing agro climatic conditions permitting the growth of almost 20,000 plant species, of which about 2,500 are of medicinal value. The use of plant extracts and phytochemicals, both with known antimicrobial properties, can be of great significance in therapeutic treatments. In the last few years, a number of studies have been conducted in different countries to prove such efficiency. Phytochemical are analyzed qualitatively using various tests. Plant essential oils and their components have been known to exhibit biological activities especially antimicrobial, since ancient time. Pharmacology of medicinal plants Abies pindrow docoction of the dried shoots and fresh leaves is used in cough, asthma and other chest infection. Abrus preacatorium seed used as purgative, emetic, tonic, aphrodisiac, nervous disorder and cattle poisoing, abortion. Acacia arabica leaves are astringent; fruit coagulant; gum astringent, colling and healing. It stops bleeding and cures dysentery, and diarrhoea. Bark extract mixed with honey is used in eyes to relieve conjunctivitis. Bark is good for gums an dulcers. Acacia catechu head wood used as astringent, diarrhea, demnicent. Acacia chundra during dysentery concentrated bark extract is given twice a day for 2-3 days. Acacia modesta dried gum is crushed, mixed in flour, sugar is added and then it is roasted in ghee and given to pregnant and lactating women as tonic. This is usually. It is also used for backache and weakness. Acacia nelotica stem bark used as astringent, demulcent, diarrhea, dysentery, diabetes melliturs. Achranthes aspera cures eye disorders, cough, worms and indigestion. Used in snakebite. Full Text Available On www.ijupbs.com 39 | P a g e International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): 2319-8141 Achillea millefolium a simulative tonic and carminative that helps expel gas from the stomach and intestines. It has a very healing and soothing effect on the mucous membranes. Aqueous extracts are used for thinning hair. Achillea millefolium the aerial parts of the plant are used to treat inflammation, especially in the intestinal and female reproductive tracts as well as to help the stop of minor bleeding and to treat wounds. In Bulgarian folk medicine the herb is applied in hepatic and urinary diseases, jaundice. Chemical analyses of Achillea millefolium show the presence of essential oil, tannins, flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, alkamides, inulin and ascorbic acid. Essential oil of Achillea millefolium possesses antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in vitro against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Clostridium perfringens, Candida albicans, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Acinetobacter lwoffii and Candida krusei while water-insoluble parts of the methanolic extracts exhibited slight or no activity. Achillea millefolium flowers and leaves are used to treat wounds, ulcers, diarrhoeae, skin injuries, gastrintestinal disorder, flu, fever and urinary afections. Achillea mellefolium whole plant is used as antipyretic, stimulant and tonic, diaphoretic and diuretic. Decoctions are used to treat inflammations, such as hemorrhoids, and headaches. Decoction of flowering tops is used in cold, in-fluenza and allergic mucus problems. Flowers infusion used for upper respiratory phlegm and used externally as a wash for eczma. Fresh leaves are uses to clot nose bleeding. Acorus calamus is used for treatment of Memory loss, anxiety, bronchitis, mental fatigue sinusitis, tension, headache and joint pains. Achillea millefolium a simulative tonic and carminative that helps expel gas from the stomach and intestines. It has a very healing and soothing effect on the mucous membranes. Aqueous extracts are used for thinning hair. Achyranthes aspera root used as astringent in hydrophobia, purgative, diuretic, in dropsy, piles, boils, skin eruption, colic, snake bite. Achyranthus aspera the leaves extract are used for all skin problem in combination with sesame oil. Seed powdered are used for strengthen and whiting of teeth. The smoke of root and seed are used to relive cough and asthma. The powder of whole plant when mixed with sugar are used for relive of phlegm, breathlessness, continued cough, heaving etc. the leaves are also used in fever, piles and dog biting. Root extract are used in anemia, improving digestive system and constipation. Acorus calamus the powder rhizome is used in diarrhea and dysentery. The rhizome is thought to be a powerful aphrodisiac, stimulant and mild tonic. Powder the dried root and put this up the nose to cure a runny nose. Roasted fruits are grinded and are used as expectorants. Juice of leaves and roots are used as anthelmintic. It has wonderfully tonic powers of stimulating and normalizing the Full Text Available On www.ijupbs.com 40 | P a g e International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): 2319-8141 appetite. An infusion of the root can bring about an abortion whilst chewing the root alleviates toothache. Aconitum chasmanthm about 200 gram of fresh rhizome is fried in synthetic ghee and used before going to bed for body tonic. Aconitum heterophyllum the dried tuberous roots and rhizome are used along with mutton for enhancing growth and weight. Adhatoda vasica expectorant used in asthma, bronchitis, cough and dysmenorrhea. Adhatoda vasica used in diarrhoea and dysentery, checks bleeding, throat emollient. Flowers are used in eye disorders. Root extract is used in stiffness of nect. Adiantum capillus root juice is applied for snake bite, migraine, and scorpion sting. Whole plant extract posses hypoglycaemic activity. It showed potent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Trichophyton rubrum and Aspergillus terreus. Plant extract is potential elicitor of phytoalexins in sorghum and soybean. Adiantum capillus veneris the infusion of fronds is used as diuretic, expectorant, in coughs, headache and toothache. The entire plant is used for its cooling effects, for diabetes, in lowering blood pressure, and externally it is used for boils, eczema, and wounds. Adiantum incisum are used for skin diseases, cough and cold. Adiantum venustum are used as astringent, diuretic, expectorant and tonic. The plant is used in the treatment of headaches and scorpion stings. A paste made from rhizomes is used to treat cuts and wounds. The plant is also used in combination with other plant species as expectorant, hypothermic, diuretic and in stomachache. Aegle marmelos used as diarrhea, gastritis and adult onset diabetes (Chopra et al., 2002). Aegle marmelos used in dysentery; root checks vomiting; leaves cure fever, piles and diabetes; fruits as brain tonic. Aesandra butyracea oil cake is used to escape out snake, and it can be used as fish poisoning. Oil or ghee is taken to cure cracked heels and lips. Root juice is useful in dysentery. Betulin and quercetin of Butter tree are anti-infectivity and anti-inflammatory in properties. Aesculus indca powered seeds are traditionally administered to livestock as anthelmintic. Powered seeds are also used for jaundice. Wood used for turned articles. Ageratum conyzoides stem juice is useful in bleeding control. Embryotoxic, tannin is insecticidal, antidiarrhoeal, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, musclerelaxant, analgesic. Fumaric acid shows hepatoprotective properties. Caffeic acid is effective against viruses, bacterial and fungi. Ageratum conyzodes used in stomach disorder and as a tonic.
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