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Government Efforts Help Only Some Idps Rebuild Their Lives

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RUSSIAN FEDERATION: Government efforts help only some IDPs rebuild their lives A profile of the internal displacement situation 13 August, 2007 This Internal Displacement Profile is automatically generated from the online IDP database of the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC). It includes an overview of the internal displacement situation in the country prepared by the IDMC, followed by a compilation of excerpts from relevant reports by a variety of different sources. All headlines as well as the bullet point summaries at the beginning of each chapter were added by the IDMC to facilitate navigation through the Profile. Where dates in brackets are added to headlines, they indicate the publication date of the most recent source used in the respective chapter. The views expressed in the reports compiled in this Profile are not necessarily shared by the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre. The Profile is also available online at www.internal-displacement.org. About the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre The Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, established in 1998 by the Norwegian Refugee Council, is the leading international body monitoring conflict-induced internal displacement worldwide. Through its work, the Centre contributes to improving national and international capacities to protect and assist the millions of people around the globe who have been displaced within their own country as a result of conflicts or human rights violations. At the request of the United Nations, the Geneva-based Centre runs an online database providing comprehensive information and analysis on internal displacement in some 50 countries. Based on its monitoring and data collection activities, the Centre advocates for durable solutions to the plight of the internally displaced in line with international standards. The Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre also carries out training activities to enhance the capacity of local actors to respond to the needs of internally displaced people. In its work, the Centre cooperates with and provides support to local and national civil society initiatives. For more information, visit the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre website and the database at www.internal-displacement.org. Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre Norwegian Refugee Council Chemin de Balexert 7-9 1219 Geneva, Switzerland Tel.: +41 22 799 07 00 [email protected] www.internal-displacement.org 2 CONTENTS CONTENTS 3 OVERVIEW 10 GOVERNMENT EFFORTS HELP ONLY SOME IDPS REBUILD THEIR LIVES 10 РЕЗЮМЕ ПРОФИЛЯ НА РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ 18 РОССИЯ: УСИЛИЯ ПРАВИТЕЛЬСТВА ПОМОГУТ ТОЛЬКО НЕКОТОРЫМ ВПЛ ВОССТАНОВИТЬ СВОЮ ЖИЗНЬ 18 РОССИЯ: УСИЛИЯ ПРАВИТЕЛЬСТВА ПОМОГУТ ТОЛЬКО НЕКОТОРЫМ ВПЛ ВОССТАНОВИТЬ СВОЮ ЖИЗНЬ 18 CAUSES AND BACKGROUND 29 THE CONFLICTS IN CHECHNYA 29 BACKGROUND TO THE FIRST CONFLICT IN CHECHNYA 29 BACKGROUND TO THE SECOND CONFLICT IN CHECHNYA 31 MILITARY OPERATIONS IN DAGESTAN AND CHECHNYA (1999-2000) 32 VIOLATIONS OF HUMANITARIAN LAW BY THE FEDERAL FORCES LED TO DISPLACEMENT OF CIVILIANS (1999) 34 "SPECIAL OPERATION" IN BOROZDINOVSKAYA LEAVES SOME 1000 DISPLACED (2005) 35 CONFLICT HAS DIMINISHED, BUT HOSTILITIES CONTINUE (2007) 38 LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR CURRENT "COUNTERTERRORIST" OPERATION IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS 43 PROSPECTS FOR PEACE (2007) 44 THE CONFLICT IN NORTH OSSETIA 46 DISPLACEMENT FROM THE INTER-COMMUNAL CONFLICT IN THE PRIGORODNY DISTRICT 46 PROSPECTS FOR RESOLUTION OF THE INGUSH-OSSETIAN CONFLICT OVER PRIGORODNY DISTRICT (2006) 48 OTHER CAUSES OF DISPLACEMENT IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 49 VIOLENCE AGAINST CHECHENS OUTSIDE OF NORTH CAUCASUS (2007) 49 MESKHETIAN TURKS UNDER PRESSURE TO LEAVE THEIR SETTLEMENTS IN KRASNODAR (2007) 52 LEGAL DEFINITION OF IDP IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 53 IDPS CALLED "FORCED MIGRANTS" UNDER RUSSIAN LEGISLATION 53 POPULATION FIGURES AND PROFILE 55 GLOBAL FIGURES 55 3 ESTIMATES OF DISPLACED PERSONS RANGE FROM 20,097 - 190,000 (2007) 55 POPULATION FIGURES: DISPLACEMENT AS A RESULT OF THE SECOND CONFLICT IN CHECHNYA (SINCE AUGUST 1999) 57 UN ESTIMATES SOME 160,000 IDPS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (2007) 57 GOVERNMENT ESTIMATES 82,200 IDPS IN CHECHEN REPUBLIC AND INGUSHETIA (2006) 57 DISPLACED PERSONS IN DAGESTAN AND INGUSHETIA: 20,097 PERSONS ACCORDING TO THE DANISH REFUGEE COUNCIL (JULY 2007) 58 DISAGGREGATED DATA: DAGESTAN (JULY 2007) 60 DISAGGREGATED DATA: INGUSHETIA (JULY 2007) 61 SEVERAL TENS OF THOUSANDS STILL DISPLACED WITHIN CHECHNYA (2007) 62 MORE THAN 30,000 IDPS FROM CHECHNYA OUTSIDE OF NORTH CAUCASUS (2007) 63 POPULATION FIGURES: DISPLACEMENT AS A RESULT OF THE CONFLICT IN NORTH OSSETIA 64 AT LEAST 10,000 PEOPLE REMAIN DISPLACED FROM THE PRIGORODNY DISTRICT (NORTH OSSETIA) (DECEMBER 2004) 64 POPULATION FIGURES: OTHER SITUATIONS OF DISPLACEMENT 65 NUMBER OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED FROM THE FIRST CONFLICT IN CHECHNYA (2001) 65 STATISTICAL SOURCES 66 PATTERNS OF DISPLACEMENT 67 GENERAL 67 IDPS LIVING OUTSIDE CHECHNYA AND INGUSHETIA (2007) 67 DISPLACED MORE THAN ONCE: IDPS HAD TO MOVE SEVERAL TIMES SINCE 1999 (2004) 68 VILLAGERS IN MOUNTAINOUS AREAS FORCED TO SEEK SAFETY IN PLAINS (2007) 68 ELDERLY IN CHECHNYA TAKEN TO OLD AGE HOME IN NORTH OSSETIA (2007) 71 PHYSICAL SECURITY & FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT 72 PHYSICAL SAFETY AND PERSONAL LIBERTY 72 ILL-TREATMENT IN DETENTION IN CHECHNYA (2007) 72 ABDUCTIONS DECREASING IN CHECHNYA (2007) 78 ENFORCED DISAPPEARANCES DURING SECOND MILITARY CAMPAIGN IN CHECHNYA (2007) 85 HOSTAGE-TAKING IN CHECHNYA (2006) 87 UNLAWFUL KILLINGS IN CHECHNYA (2005) 88 "ZACHISTKI" CONTINUE; EXAMPLE OF ZUMSKOI (2005) 88 INSECURITY SPREADS TO OTHER AREAS OF NORTH CAUCASUS (2007) 89 SECURITY SITUATION IN INGUSHETIA (2007) 93 "KADYROVTSY" ALLEGEDLY RESPONSIBLE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES (2006) 96 INADEQUATE GOVERNMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS INTO HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES (2007) 99 RUSSIAN COURT RULINGS ON HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES IN CHECHNYA BY FEDERAL FORCES (2007) 104 EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS CONCLUDES INVESTIGATIONS OF RUSSIAN AUTHORITIES ARE INADEQUATE (2007) 104 REPRISALS AGAINST APPLICANTS TO THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS (2006) 108 CIVILIANS EXPOSED TO MINES AND UNEXPLODED ORDNANCE IN CHECHNYA (2007) 109 DISCRIMINATION OF INGUSH IN NORTH OSSETIA-ALANIA (2007) 110 DISCRIMINATION AND HARASSMENT OF CHECHEN IDPS IN OTHER PARTS OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS 110 TREATMENT OF CHECHENS IN RUSSIAN AREAS OUTSIDE OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS 111 4 SIGNIFICANT RECONSTRUCTION IN CHECHNYA (2007) 116 MILITARY ACTION IN CHECHNYA (2007) 118 CHILDREN VULNERABLE AND TARGETED BY ARMED GROUPS AS A RESULT OF CONFLICT (2007) 123 WOMEN SUFFER FROM RAPE AND CRUEL TREATMENT (2006) 124 PHYSICAL SECURITY IN COLLECTIVE CENTERS (2007) 125 LAW ENFORCEMENT AND MILITARY UNITS IN CHECHNYA (2007) 126 FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT 129 FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT CONTINUES TO BE DE FACTO RESTRICTED (2003-2004) 129 IDPS FROM CHECHNYA FACE LIMITATIONS TO THEIR FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT IN NORTHERN CAUCASUS (2003) 131 SUBSISTENCE NEEDS 133 FOOD 133 NUMBER OF FOOD AID RECIPIENTS REDUCED IN CHECHNYA AND INGUSHETIA (2006) 133 MOST VULNERABLE IDPS REMAIN DEPENDENT ON FOOD AID (2007) 133 DETAILS OF FOOD AID IN INGUSHETIA (2005) 134 SHELTER AND NON-FOOD ITEMS 135 CLOTHING AND UTILITY SUPPLIES IN INGUSHETIA (2005) 135 ELECTRICITY AND GAS CUTS IN MAISKY, NORTH OSSETIA (2007) 136 ACCOMMODATION STATISTICS OF IDPS LIVING IN INGUSHETIA (2007) 136 POOR LIVING CONDITIONS IN COLLECTIVE SHELTERS IN CHECHNYA, INGUSHETIA AND DAGESTAN (2007) 137 PRIVATE HOUSING IN CHECHNYA (2007) 140 HOUSING OF IDPS FROM MOUNTAINOUS AREAS IN CHECHNYA (2007) 140 SHELTER SITUATION IN OTHER AREAS NORTH CAUCASUS (2007) 144 CLOSING OF TEMPORARY SETTLEMENTS IN INGUSHETIA (2007) 144 LIVING CONDITIONS IN NOVY, NORTH OSSETIA (2007) 145 LARGEST IDP CAMP IN NORTH OSSETIA CLOSED (2007) 147 GOVERNMENT VACATING TEMPORARY ACCOMMODATION CENTRES IN GROZNY (2007) 150 MOST IDPS IN CHECHNYA AND INGUSHETIA STILL IN NEED OF PERMANENT SHELTER (2007) 156 HOUSING SOLUTIONS FOR SOME IDPS LIVING IN TEMPORARY ACCOMMODATION CENTRES IN CHECHNYA (2007) 157 EVICTIONS FROM TEMPORARY ACCOMMODATION CENTERS OUTSIDE OF NORTH CAUCASUS (2006) 159 GOVERNMENT DETERMINATION OF HOUSING NEEDS OF TAC RESIDENTS (2007) 160 DISCRIMINATION AGAINST DISPLACED CHECHENS REPORTEDLY IMPEDES THEIR ACCESS TO ACCOMMODATION IN MOSCOW (1999-2001) 162 HEALTH 162 HEALTH SYSTEM SLOWLY RECOVERING IN CHECHNYA (2007) 162 STATE OF HEALTH FOR IDPS AND ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE (2007) 165 MENTAL HEALTH OF DISPLACED ADULTS AND CHILDREN IS POOR (2007) 166 HEALTH SITUATION OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN CHECHNYA (2007) 168 NUMBER OF CASES OF TUBERCULOSIS AND CANCER INCREASING IN CHECHNYA (2007) 171 HIGH RATE OF DIABETES AS WELL AS UROGENITAL AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN CHECHNYA (2007) 172 DECREASE OF PREVALENCE OF SOME INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CHECHNYA (2007) 173 HIV/AIDS IN CHECHNYA AND DAGESTAN (2007) 174 5 INCIDENCE OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS INCREASING IN CHECHNYA (2007) 176 INGUSH HEALTH MINISTRY REPORTS ON STATUS OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN (2003) 176 WATER AND SANITATION 177 WATER SITUATION IN INGUSHETIA AND DAGESTAN (2007) 177 WATER AND SANITATION NEEDS OF IDPS IN CHECHNYA REMAIN UNMET, DESPITE EFFORTS (2007) 178 POOR ENVIRONMENAL AND PERSONAL HYGIENE (2007) 180 ACCESS TO EDUCATION 182 INGUSHETIA 182 DISPLACED CHILDREN ATTEND REGULAR INGUSH SCHOOLS (2007) 182 CHECHNYA 184 CAPACITY OF THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IS LIMITED DESPITE RECENT PROGRESS (2007) 184 IDP CHILDREN DO NOT FACE ADMINISTRATIVE BARRIERS TO GO TO SCHOOL IN CHECHNYA (2007) 184 IDP CHILDREN GO TO SUMMER CAMP (2007) 187 POOR STATE OF SCHOOLS IN MOUNTAINOUS AREAS (2007) 187 CHILDREN IN COLLECTIVE CENTRES
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    Russia's Islamic Diplom Russia's Islamic Diplomacy ed. Marlene Laruelle CAP paper no. 220, June 2019 "Islam in Russia, Russia in the Islamic World" Initiative Russia’s Islamic Diplomacy Ed. Marlene Laruelle The Initiative “Islam in Russia, Russia in the Islamic World” is generously funded by the Henry Luce Foundation Cover photo: Talgat Tadjuddin, Chief Mufti of Russia and head of the Central Muslim Spiritual Board of Russia, meeting with the Armenian Catholicos Karekin II and Mufti Ismail Berdiyev, President of the Karachay-Cherkessia Spiritual Board, Moscow, December 1, 2016. Credit : Artyom Korotayev, TASS/Alamy Live News HAGFW9. Table of Contents Chapter 1. Russia and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation: Conflicting Interactions Grigory Kosach………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….5 Chapter 2. Always Looming: The Russian Muslim Factor in Moscow's Relations with Gulf Arab States Mark N. Katz………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2 1 Chapter 3. Russia and the Islamic Worlds: The Case of Shia Islam Clément Therme ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 25 Chapter 4. A Kadyrovization of Russian Foreign Policy in the Middle East: Autocrats in Track II Diplomacy and Other Humanitarian Activities Jean-Francois Ratelle……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….3 1 Chapter 5. Tatarstan's Paradiplomacy with the Islamic World Guzel Yusupova……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….3 7 Chapter 6. Russian Islamic Religious Authorities and Their Activities at the Regional, National, and International Levels Denis Sokolov………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 41 Chapter 7. The Economics of the Hajj: The Case of Tatarstan Azat Akhunov…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..4 7 Chapter 8. The Effect of the Pilgrimage to Mecca on the Socio-Political Views of Muslims in Russia’s North Caucasus Mikhail Alexseev…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5 3 Authors’ Biographies……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….5 9 @ 2019 Central Asia Program Chapter 1.
  • Crimes of War Pr O J E Ct

    Crimes of War Pr O J E Ct

    CRIMES OF WAR PR O J E CT c h ec h nya : the world loo ks away photo © thomas dworzak/magnum, 2002 PURL: https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/38af49/ about the crimes of war project The Crimes of War Project is a collaboration of journalists, l a w yers and scholars dedicated to raising public aware n e s s of the laws of war and their application to situations of conflict. Our goal is to promote understanding of international humanitarian law among journalists, policymakers, and the g e n e ral public, in the belief that a wider knowledge of the legal f ramework governing armed conflict will lead to gre a t e r p re s s u re to pre vent breaches of the law, and to punish those who commit them. T h rough our book Crimes of War: What the Public Should Know, t h rough our website (www. c r i m e s o f w a r. o rg), and thro u g h educational pro g rams and seminars, we hope to: ¥ Raise the level of understanding about the law among those re p o rting on war and war crimes. ¥ Provide information for journalists, scholars, and the policy community about critical issues in modern armed conflict. ¥ E n c o u rage wider appreciation of international law as a f ramework for understanding and responding to conflicts around the world. ¥ Promote consultation among journalists, legal expert s and humanitarian agencies about how to incre a s e compliance with international humanitarian law.