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On the Situation of Residents of Chechnya in the Russian Federation

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On the Situation of Residents of Chechnya in the Russian Federation MEMORIAL Human Rights Center Migration Rights Network Edited by Svetlana A. Gannushkina On the Situation of Residents of Chechnya in the Russian Federation August 2006 – October 2007 Moscow 2007 1 Этот материал выпущен МОО ПЦ "Мемориал", который внесен в реестр, предусмотренный ст. 13.1.10 ФЗ "Об НКО". Мы обжалуем это решение. The project is funded by the European Commission Based on the materials gathered by the Migration Rights Network, Memorial Human Rights Center, Civic Assistance Committee, Internet Publication Caucasian Knot, SOVA Information and Analysis Center, and others S.A. Gannushkina, Head of the Migration Rights Network, Chairwoman of the Civic Assistance Committee L.Sh. Simakova, compiler of the Report Other contributors to the Report included: E. Burtina, S. Magomedov, Sh. Tangiyev, N. Estemirova The Migration Rights Network of Memorial Human Rights Center has 56 offices providing free legal assistance to forced migrants, including five offices located in Chechnya and Ingushetia (www.refugee.memo.ru). In Moscow lawyers from the Migration Rights Network use the charitable Civic Assistance Committee for Refugee Aid as their base (www.refugee.ru). ISBN 978-5-93439-246-9 Distributed free of charge 2 Этот материал выпущен МОО ПЦ "Мемориал", который внесен в реестр, предусмотренный ст. 13.1.10 ФЗ "Об НКО". Мы обжалуем это решение. CONTENTS I. Introduction............................................................................................................5 II. Svetlana Gannushkina’s speech at the seminar for administrative law judges in Hohenheim, Germany (November 25, 2006): Chechen refugees and the EU qualification rules....................................................................................................6 III. Living conditions and security situation of internally displaced persons and residents of the Chechen Republic......................................................................18 IV. Situation of people from Chechnya in the Republic of Ingushetia......................42 V. Situation of people from Chechnya in Russia’s regions......................................61 VI. Abductions of civilians in the North Caucasus....................................................72 VII. Conclusion...........................................................................................................82 VIII. Appendices..........................................................................................................83 Appendix 1. Data from the poll of residents of TAPs in the city of Grozny about the housing situation of their families....................................84 Appendix 2. The Khasavyurt Tragedy .............................................................86 Appendix 3. The Ulman case – the Budanov case..........................................89 Appendix 4. The case of Asuyev’s police gang................................................93 Appendix 5. A special operation in Malgobek. The siege of Timur Khaniyev’s house..........................................95 Appendix 6. Eye-witness accounts by residents of the village of Ali-Yurt, victims of a mop-up operation......................................................97 Appendix 7. Illegal detention and torture of Khasiyev and Ipayev at ORB-2. 101 Appendix 8. Abduction of Elina Ersenoyeva and her mother.........................104 Appendix 9. Address by Lidiya Yusupova, lawyer with Memorial Human Rights Center.................................................107 Appendix 10. Abduction of Sultan Barakhoyev from the settlement of Kartsa, the North Ossetia-Alania Republic.............................109 Appendix 11. Abduction of the Yandiyev brothers from the village of Dachnoye, the Prigorodny District of the North Ossetia-Alania Republic...................................................111 Appendix 12. Abductions (disappearances) of people in Dagestan in 2007....................................................................113 Appendix 13. Address by members of the public of the Republic Ingushetia..........................................................118 3 Этот материал выпущен МОО ПЦ "Мемориал", который внесен в реестр, предусмотренный ст. 13.1.10 ФЗ "Об НКО". Мы обжалуем это решение. List of Abbreviations APC – armored personnel carrier ATC – Anti-Terror Center BOP GU – Chief Directorate for Combating Organized Crime CAPs – compact accommodation points for IDPs located in Chechnya and Ingushetia and financed from local budgets CR – the Chechen Republic DPS – Traffic Police Service ECHR – European Court of Human Rights FMS – Federal Migration Service FSB – Federal Security Service GIBDD – State Traffic Safety Inspectorate GOVD – Municipal Department of the Interior Ministry GRU – Main Intelligence Directorate GUVD – Chief Directorate of the Interior Ministry HRC – Human Rights Center IAGs – illegal armed groups IDPs – persons displaced within the country (or internally displaced persons) IVS – temporary detention center MChS – Emergency Situations Ministry MD – Ministry of Defense MVD – Ministry of the Interior NCOs – noncommercial organizations NGOs – nongovernmental organizations OMON – special purpose police unit ORB – Investigations and Law Enforcement Operations Bureau OVD – Interior Ministry Department PPS – Patrol and Point Duty Service PPSM – Police Patrol and Point Duty Service Regiment RD – the Republic of Dagestan RI – the Republic of Ingushetia RNO-A – the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania ROVD – District Department of the Interior Ministry RUBOP – Regional Directorate for Combating Organized Crime SIZO – pretrial detention center SOBR – special rapid reaction unit TACs – temporary accommodation centers for IDPs located in Russia’s regions and financed from the federal budget TAPs – temporary accommodation points for IDPs located in the Chechen Republic and financed from the federal budget UBOP – Directorate for Combating Organized Crime UFMS – Federal Migration Service Directorate UFSB – Federal Security Service Directorate VV – Interior Ministry Forces VOVD – Temporary Department of the Interior Ministry 4 Этот материал выпущен МОО ПЦ "Мемориал", который внесен в реестр, предусмотренный ст. 13.1.10 ФЗ "Об НКО". Мы обжалуем это решение. I. Introduction This is our sixth report on the situation of residents of the Chechen Republic in Russia; it covers the period between August 2006 and October 2007. During this time, particularly in the first six months of 2007, Grozny was rebuilt and transformed itself from ruins to a vibrant city, as if erected using a brand-new toy construction set. Gudermes, Argun and other towns and villages have been rebuilt. Now the war is just a speck (although sometimes rather considerable one) on the otherwise peaceful scenery. Not so long ago, the situation was the opposite. The intensity and the speed of the reconstruction without exaggeration can be called the “Chechen miracle”. All the more so that money for all this is found as if by a miracle. According to the leadership of the Chechen Republic, not more than a quarter of all funding comes from the federal budget and the rest is obtained in rather peculiar ways: by using free labor, deductions from salaries and wages, and loans, whih, according to Ramzan Kadyrov, are taken by him at his own risk and peril. Be sure, these changes gladden residents of Chechnya and all those, who wish them happiness and peace. The picture of Grozny’s ruins, which had been haunting me since 2000, does not exist anymore. But it is not a memory yet, it is a living pain. People in Chechnya are starved for professional and skilled work. They want to teach, medically treat, restore culture – relaunch libraries, theaters, and museums. Their feeling of love for their land is particularly acute, since they had to go through so much suffering. In Chechnya new life is now in the air all around you. However, it is impossible to support oneself for a long period of time by unpaid enthusiasm, by voluntary-compulsory work, as it was the case back in the Soviet times. Unemployment is still a big problem in Chechnya; every working person in a family has to carry the heavy burden of providing for their numerous relatives who are unemployed. Such a situation fuels corruption, which has already become a standard feature of life. As for safety, against the background of obvious and significant decrease in the number of abductions of people and extrajudicial killings a new trend is emerging: fabrication of criminal cases, where the main evidence is sincere confession, known in the Stalin times as the “queen of evidence”. In the report we tried to describe the mechanisms whereby criminal cases are fabricated. In particular danger are the individuals returning to the Chechen Republic from abroad, those who who are supposed to be in possession of relatively big sums of money, and applicants to the European Court of Human Rights. As for the rest, the situation hasn’t changed much since autumn 2006. That is why our sixth report opens with Svetlana Gannushkina’s speech at the seminar for administrative law judges in Hohenheim, Germany. The questions raised there were suggested by judges themselves; that is why the answers may be of value to all those who are still interested in what is going on in Chechnya. 5 Этот материал выпущен МОО ПЦ "Мемориал", который внесен в реестр, предусмотренный ст. 13.1.10 ФЗ "Об НКО". Мы обжалуем это решение. II. Svetlana Gannushkina’s speech at the seminar for administrative law judges, Hohenheim, Germany, November 25, 2006. Chechen refugees
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