The Writings of Patrick, the Apostle of Ireland
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CHRISTIAN CLASSICS SERIES VI ********** THE WRITINGS OF PATRICK of 3|celan&, CHRISTIAN CLASSICS SERIES. Each volume cloth uncut , boards, gilt top, edges. I. Cur Deus Homo ? by ANSELM, Archbishop of Can- terbury. Translated, with Introduction, Analysis, and Notes, by E. S. PROUT, M.A. 25. II. The Enchiridion of Augustine. 25. III. De Incarnatione Verbi Dei, by ATHANASIUS, Arch- bishop of Alexandria. Translated, with an Intro- duction, Analysis, and Notes, by T. HERBERT BINDLEY, M.A. 25. Basil IV. the Great on the Holy Spirit. Translated, with an Analysis and Notes, by the Rev. GEORGE LEWIS, M.A. 2s. V. The Obedience of a Christian Man, by WILLIAM TYNDALE, Translator and Martyr. Edited, with Introduction, Analysis, and Notes, by R. LOVETT, M.A. 25. 6d. CLASSICS SERIES VI THE WRITINGS OF PATRICK of A REVISED TRANSLATION WITH NOTES CRITICAL AND HISTORICAL BY THE Rev. CHARLES H. H. WRIGHT, D.D. Of Trinity College, Dublin, M.A. of Exeter College, Oxford, Ph.D. of the University ofLeipzig, Banip- ton Lecturer for- 1878 in the University of Ox- ford, Donncllcin Lecturer (i 880-81) in the University ofDublin, Examiner in He- brew, N. T. Greek, and Scrip. Hist., University ofLondon. RELIGIOUS TRACT SOCIETY 56, PATERNOSTER Row, AND 164, PICCADILLY. EDITORIAL NOTE. THE Committee of the Religious Tract Society have undertaken the issue of the famous theological treatises included in this Series in the hope that they will be widely read and studied, not only by professed students, but also by the thoughtful general readers of the present day. Each treatise is complete in itself, and, as far as possible, gives the full text exactly as it came from the pen of the author, even when adherence to this principle involves variation in bulk and price, and the occasional retention of a few passages not fully in accord with the general teaching of the Society. The reader, as a rule, will easily discover these, and will not fail to see their importance in illustrating the weakness, as well as the strength, of the Christian opinion of other days. Care is taken to note such passages where there appears to be need for so doing. 3lntro I HE present edition of the writings of Patrick is an attempt to bring out in Eng- lish the works of that great man, with the necessary addi- tion of historical and critical notes, but with the omission, as far as possible, of all matter which has been the of made subject religious controversy. In the former editions of this work, which were issued nominally under the joint editorship of Rev. G. T. Stokes, D.D., Professor of Ecclesiastical History in the University of Dublin, and myself, an honest attempt was made to avoid touching upon any points likely to arouse any such Mlritinpf of controversy. It was hoped that an im- partial edition of Patrick's works without controversial notes or comments might have been useful and acceptable to Irishmen of various creeds and opinions, as well as to English Christians, who, in general, know little of the great Apostle of Ireland.* But the impossibility of publishing in Ire- land any work of the kind which would be regarded with equal favour by Roman Catholics and Protestants has been abun- dantly proved in this instance. An eminent Irish scholar, a Roman Catholic priest, having been asked to assist as co-editor of the in to its work, order secure impartiality, stated he would not be satisfied unless he were permitted to point out that even the occasional use by Patrick of the term sacerdos (priest) to indicate a Christian minister involved necessarily an accept- ance by the saint of the Roman Catholic * These expectations were not wholly unfulfilled. Four thousand of copies an 8vo. edition in pica type, published at sixpence sewn, and one shilling in cloth, were disposed of in a little more than eighteen months. This in itself must be regarded as a very creditable fadi. But the price at which the work had been issued was unre- muneratavc, and although a sum of 30 was subscribed in answer to an appeal by the Irish Branch of the Evangelical that Alliance, sum was wholly insufficient to print successive editions of the work, and to meet other necessary expenses. Hence the work was offered to the Traft Religious Society, and accepted by that Society for ' ' publication in their Christian Classics Series. introduction* * doctrine of 'the sacrifice of the mass/ Of course it was impossible under such conditions to accept his services. The Irish Catholic^ a Dublin Roman Catholic weekly journal^ in a review of the work after its publication, similarly maintained that the omission of all discussion of the question whether Patrick received a com- mission from Rome or not was nothing less c than the suppression of everything in the ' shape of argument on the Catholic side ! The work, however, was warmly com- mended by a Roman Catholic prelate in Ireland, but he did not wish his commenda- tion published. But every one who reads Patrick's own account of his missionary work in Ireland can see at a glance that he never alludes to his having received such a commission. If, therefore, he did receive a commission from Rome a point which Protestant scholars consider cannot be conceded on the evidence adduced the silence of Patrick himself on the subject certainly proves that he attached no such importance to such a commission as his mediaeval biographers were disposed to affirm. But, as Dr. Stokes has well pointed out, in his work on Ireland and the Celtic Church (p. 51), the question is in itself of little import- ance from a Protestant standpoint, and if the evidence adduced in favour of the of Roman claim was strong enough we should have no hesitation in admitting the point. Inasmuch, however, as those who are interested in such investigations can easily consult for themselves the arguments brought forward on the subject in Professor G. T. Stokes* work, and dwelt upon with more fulness of detail in Dr. Todd's St. Patrick, the Apostle of Ireland^ we con- sider it unnecessary here to enter into that thorny subject of discussion. It may be, however, noted in passing, that the first of 1 ' the sayings of Patrick preserved in the Book of Armagh, and given in the present volume among the doubtful remains of the saint, alludes to the fa6t of Patrick's having visited Italy. His own autobiography, as set forth in his Confession, passes over in silence the events of many years. In the present work the Latin term sacerdos has been invariably translated ' 'priest,' presbyter has been rendered pres- byter,' and clericl 'clergy.' In some of the Roman Catholic editions the latter term c has been translated priests.' It may be well to call the reader's atten- tion to the fact that the early Celtic Christianity was very different in its exter- nal form from the Christianity of modern times, whether Roman Catholic or Pro- testant. Many usages which were after- wards distinct the features of early Celtic 3|ntrotiuctioiu Church of Ireland, and which seem to have been the growth of later days, are not alluded to in Patrick's writings. Those writings are indeed brief and scanty, but on the essential points of Christian doctrine they seem specific enough. It is certain, however, that no such exaggerated views on the celibacy of the clergy were held by Patrick as were afterwards prevalent, for he mentions without scruple the fact that / both his father and grandfather were clergy-/ men. On the other hand, he speaks with approval of monks and virgins, which, however, do not appear to have been in his days recluses like those described in Pro- fessor G. T. Stokes' ninth lecture. Patrick also quotes passages of the Old Testament apocryphal books which he evidently viewed as inspired Scripture. In spite of all these drawbacks, as Protestants must regard them, the writings of the saint are in the main most strongly evan- gelical, and cannot fail to be perused by all Christians with both pleasure and profit. In the present edition we have divided ' the * remains of Patrick into two divisions ; the first containing the writings which are most probably genuine, the second a few remains of interest which are of doubtful genuineness, but which are, notwithstand- ing, of considerable interest, and are not generally known. io Mttritinpi of The genuine writings are three in num- ber, namely, Patrick's Hymn, his Confes- sion, and his Epistle to Coroticus. The doubtful remains are (i) the Dicta Patricii, contained in folio 9, a i, of the Book of Armagh, the rustic Latinity of which is some evidence in their favour, though by no means absolutely conclusive. (2) The which are also Proverbs of Patrick, dubious, while there are strong points in their favour, though it is impossible to test now the statement of the monk Jocelin that they were translated from Irish into Latin. (3) We have, lastly, added the interview of Patrick with the daughters of King Loe- gaire, which, if it be not absolutely genuine as a Patrician document, certainly possesses marks of high antiquity. There are some other works ascribed to Patrick which have been condemned as spurious by competent scholars. They are to be found in Patrick's Opuscula as edited by Ware* and Villanueva. f No scholar who has read even a few lines of the tract De Tribus Habitacults, Of the Three Habitations (or the World, Heaven, * St. Patric'ri aui Hibernos ad Jidem Christi convertit ad- et studio Aur.