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Introduction to Mineral-Resource Assessment of Luna County, New

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Introduction to Mineral-Resource Assessment of Luna County, New MINERAL-RESOURCE ASSESSMENT OF LUNA COUNTY, NEW MEXICO Virginia T. McLemore, Kelly Donahue, Michael Breese, Meghan L. Jackson, Jeffrey Arbuckle, and Glen Jones Open-file Report OF-459 New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Socorro, New Mexico 87801 September 2001 Prepared for the New Mexico State Land Office 1 SUMMARY Luna County, in southwestern New Mexico (Fig. 1) is not well known for its mineral potential, but more than $16 million worth of metals and nonmetals have been produced from the county from 1876 to 2000. Much of this production has come from 11 types of metallic deposits and six types of industrial minerals (barite, fluorite, clay, crushed and dimension stone, and gems and mineral collecting) that are found in 16 mining districts in the county. The Cooke’s Peak district ranks 5th in lead production in the state and 9th in zinc production and the Victorio district ranks 7th in lead production in the state. Native Americans were the first miners in New Mexico and used local sources of hematite and clay for pigments, and obsidian and chert for arrowheads. Their houses were made of stone, adobe, and clay. Clay also was used in making pottery. In 1848, New Mexico became part of the U. S. as a territory and the mining industry became a dominant force in much of the state, but not in Luna County for some 30 more years. Metals were first discovered in the Fremont district about 1860 and in the Florida Mountains and Cooke’s Peak district about 1876. This was still Apache territory, so mining, travel, and settlement were treacherous. The first commercial mining of metals in Luna County was the lead-zinc-silver deposits in the Cooke’s Peak district in 1876, which yielded approximately $3 million by 1900. Deposits in the Florida Mountains, Victorio, Old Hadley, and Tres Hermanas districts were soon discovered. Currently, agate, manganese, fire clay, and sand and gravel are being produced from Luna County. This report assesses the potential of mineral and energy resources (excluding aggregate and petroleum resources) on the surface and within the subsurface in Luna County in southern New Mexico . Aggregate and petroleum resources will be assessed in separate reports. Resource potential is the likelihood for the occurrence of undiscovered concentrations of metals, nonmetals, industrial materials, and energy resources. The evaluation of mineral-resource potential involves a complex process based on geologic analogy of promising or favorable geologic environments with geologic settings that contain known economic deposits (geologic models). Such subjective assessments or judgements depend upon available information concerning the area as well as current knowledge and understanding of known deposits. This assessment will provide land managers with appropriate data to make land- use decisions. The project conforms to mineral assessment guidelines and procedures required by the U. S. Bureau of Land Management (Goudarzi, 1984). Based on detailed geologic, geochemical, and geophysical data there is high resource potential for beryllium, tungsten, and molybdenum in the Tres Hermanas-Victorio Mountains; silver, lead, and zinc in the Tres Hermanas-Victorio Mountains and Cooke’s Range; manganese in the Cooke’s Range and Florida-Little Florida Mountains; fluorite in the Fluorite-Goat Ridge; clay at Taylor Mountain; crushed stone in the Victorio Mountains; and gems and mineral collecting in the Burdick-Bisbee Hills and Carrizalillo-Cedar-Klondike Hills (Table 1). FIGURE 1. Location of Luna County, New Mexico. TABLE 1. Summary of mineral-resource potential for metals, selected industrial minerals, and energy resources in Luna County (except for petroleum and aggregates). RESOURCE AREA POTENTIAL/ CERTAINTY COMMENTS Metallic mineral resources Beryllium Camel Mountain-Eagle Nest Low/B Carrizalillo-Cedar-Klondike Hills Low/B Rhyolite domes need examination Cooke’s Range Low/B Florida-Little Florida Mountains Low/B Rhyolite domes need examination Fluorite-Goat Ridge Low/B Mimbres Basin Low/B Tres Hermanas-Victorio Mountains High/D, moderate/C Elsewhere in Luna County None/D Bismuth Camel Mountain-Eagle Nest Low/B Carrizalillo-Cedar-Klondike Hills None/D Cooke’s Range Low/B Florida-Little Florida Mountains None/D Fluorite-Goat Ridge None/D Tres Hermanas-Victorio Mountains Low/B Elsewhere in Luna County None/D 2 RESOURCE AREA POTENTIAL/ CERTAINTY COMMENTS Copper Camel Mountain-Eagle Nest Low/B Carrizalillo-Cedar-Klondike Hills Moderate/C Calumet mine Cooke’s Range Moderate/B Florida-Little Florida Mountains Low/B Fluorite-Goat Ridge Moderate/B Mimbres Basin Low/B Tres Hermanas-Victorio Mountains Moderate/B Elsewhere in Luna County None/D Germanium Camel Mountain-Eagle Nest Low/B Carrizalillo-Cedar-Klondike Hills None/D Cooke’s Range Low/B Florida-Little Florida Mountains Low/B Fluorite-Goat Ridge None/D Mimbres Basin None/D Tres Hermanas-Victorio Mountains Low/B Elsewhere in Luna County None/D Gold Camel Mountain-Eagle Nest Low/B Carrizalillo-Cedar-Klondike Hills Moderate/B Sedimentary-hosted Cooke’s Range Moderate/B Sedimentary-hosted, skarn Moderate/B High sulfidation epithermal Florida-Little Florida Mountains Low/B Fluorite-Goat Ridge Low/B Tres Hermanas-Victorio Mountains Moderate/B Snake Hills Low/B Sedimentary-hosted, skarn Mimbres basin Unknown/A Elsewhere in Luna County None/D Sedimentary-hosted, skarn Iron Camel Mountain-Eagle Nest Low/B Carrizalillo-Cedar-Klondike Hills Moderate/C Cooke’s Range Moderate/B Florida-Little Florida Mountains Moderate/B Fluorite-Goat Ridge Low/B Tres Hermanas-Victorio Mountains Moderate/B Elsewhere in Luna County None/D Lead-zinc Camel Mountain-Eagle Nest Low/B Carrizalillo-Cedar-Klondike Hills Moderate/C Cooke’s Range High/D Florida-Little Florida Mountains Low/B Fluorite-Goat Ridge Low/B Tres Hermanas-Victorio Mountains High/D Snake Hills Low/B Elsewhere in Luna County None/D Manganese Camel Mountain-Eagle Nest Low/B Carrizalillo-Cedar-Klondike Hills Moderate/C Cooke’s Range High/D Florida-Little Florida Mountains High/D Fluorite-Goat Ridge Low/C Mimbres Basin Low/B Tres Hermanas-Victorio Mountains Moderate/C Elsewhere in Luna County None/D Molybdenum Camel Mountain-Eagle Nest Low/B Carrizalillo-Cedar-Klondike Hills Moderate/C Cooke’s Range Low/B Florida-Little Florida Mountains Low/B Fluorite-Goat Ridge Low/B Mimbres Basin Low/B Tres Hermanas-Victorio Mountains High/D Elsewhere in Luna County None/D 3 RESOURCE AREA POTENTIAL/ CERTAINTY COMMENTS Niobium Camel Mountain-Eagle Nest Low/B Carrizalillo-Cedar-Klondike Hills Low/B Cooke’s Range None/D Florida-Little Florida Mountains Low/B Fluorite-Goat Ridge None/D Mimbres Basin None/D Tres Hermanas-Victorio Mountains None/D Elsewhere in Luna County None/D Silver Camel Mountain-Eagle Nest Low/B Carrizalillo-Cedar-Klondike Hills Moderate/C Cooke’s Range High/D Florida-Little Florida Mountains Moderate/C Fluorite-Goat Ridge Moderate/C Mimbres Basin Low/B Tres Hermanas-Victorio Mountains High/D Snake Hills Low/B Elsewhere in Luna County None/D Thorium and rare- Florida-Little Florida Mountains Low/C earth elements Elsewhere in Luna County None/D (REE) Tin Camel Mountain-Eagle Nest Low/B Carrizalillo-Cedar-Klondike Hills Low/B Rhyolite domes need examination Cooke’s Range None/D Florida-Little Florida Mountains Low/B Fluorite-Goat Ridge None/D Mimbres Basin None/D Tres Hermanas-Victorio Mountains None/D Elsewhere in Luna County None/D Tungsten Camel Mountain-Eagle Nest Low/B Carrizalillo-Cedar-Klondike Hills Low/B Cooke’s Range None/D Florida-Little Florida Mountains None/D Fluorite-Goat Ridge None/D Mimbres Basin Low/B Tres Hermanas-Victorio Mountains High/D Elsewhere in Luna County None/D Industrial mineral resources (except aggregates) Alunite Cooke’s Range Low/C Elsewhere in Luna County None/D Barite and fluorite Camel Mountain-Eagle Nest Low/B Epithermal fluorite Carrizalillo-Cedar-Klondike Hills Low/B Epithermal fluorite Cooke’s Range Moderate/B Epithermal fluorite Florida-Little Florida Mountains Moderate/C Epithermal fluorite Low/B RGR deposits Fluorite-Goat Ridge High/D Epithermal fluorite Mimbres Basin Low/B Tres Hermanas-Victorio Mountains Low/B RGR deposits Elsewhere in Luna County None/D Epithermal fluorite Clay Taylor Mountain High/D Fire clay being produced Cooke’s Range Moderate/B Mancos and Percha Shale exposures Goodsight Mountains/Uvas Valley Moderate/B Camp Rice Formation Florida-Little Florida Mountains Moderate/C Hydrothermal altered rhyolite Mimbres River (north) Moderate/C Mimbres River sediments Deming High/D Adobe, brick clay Elsewhere in Luna County None/D 4 RESOURCE AREA POTENTIAL/ CERTAINTY COMMENTS Crushed stone Aden district, eastern Luna County Moderate/D Scoria, basalt Carrizalillo-Cedar-Klondike Hills Moderate/C Limestone, scoria, basalt Cooke’s Range Low/C Scoria, basalt Moderate/B Limestone Columbus Low/C Scoria, basalt Tres Hermanas Unknown Scoria, basalt Moderate/B Limestone Victorio Mountains High/D Limestone Black Mountain Low/B Scoria, basalt Red Mountain High/C Rhyolite Elsewhere in Luna County Unknown to None/D Alluvial deposits may be suitable Dimension stone Burdick-Bisbee Hills Low/B Travertine Carrizalillo-Cedar-Klondike Hills Moderate/C Limestone Fluorite Ridge Moderate/C Sandstone Moderate/C Granite Goat Ridge Low/B Travertine Tres Hermanas Moderate/C Granite Moderate/C Travertine Victorio Mountains Low/B Marble, travertine, marble Moderate/C Limestone Taylor Mountain Moderate/C Rhyolite Elsewhere in Luna County None/D Garnet Camel Mountain-Eagle Nest
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