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Rijksherbarium, Leiden PERSOONIA Published by the Rijksherbarium, Leiden Volume Part 2, 3, pp. 81-96 (1964) On some white-spored Geoglossaceae R. A. Maas+Geesteranus Rijksherbarium, Leiden (With 22 Text-figures) of characterized colourless and Some genera Geoglossaceae, by spores iodine reaction ofthe with the positive ascus pore, are compared respect to of the is reduced the of structure stipe. Ochroglossum to synonymy Microglos- Mitrula is The is sum. regarded as a monotypic genus. generic nameHeyderia restored. Thuemenidium is reintroduced to replace Corynetes. Nothomitra is accomodate proposed as a new genus to N. cinnamomea, a new species. Early in 1963, Mr. J. T. Palmer, Woodley (near Stockport), sent me two collec- tions of a geoglossaceous fungus. The specimens had been collected in Austria and showed colourless and iodinereaction of the spores a positive ascus pore. According Nannfeldt's three of to key (1942), these characters are common to genera Geoglos- and Mitrula. ruled saceae: Corynetes, Microglossum, Corynetes was immediately out, as the Austrian material was not black and the fertile head differently shaped, but it of of was impossible to decide in favour either the two remaining genera. The speci- mens resembled Mitrula the of the fertile but the rather as to shape head, spores were those ofa Microglossum. It was decided to search for other criteria by which it would be without This led possible to distinguish the two genera ambiguity. to some results. It found that there existed unexpected was (i) no generally agreed opinion on the generic limits between Corynetes, Microglossum, and Mitrula; (ii) the generic the Mitrula name Corynetes, although universally used, was not correct name; (iii) as understood in Europe and North America proved most heterogeneous; (iv) the Austrian material did not fitany described genus; (v) the structure of the stipe proved useful additional character in the distinction of a genera. To facilitate the identificationof the genera treated, the following key is proposed, but the reader is advised that it does not include Cudonia Fr., Leotia Pers. ex S. F. 1 Gray, and Spathularia Pers. ex Fr. which are characterized by the negative iodine reaction of the ascus pore. It should also be kept in mind that the descriptive part merely describes the structure of the stipe. For the descriptions to be comparable, I used the of the half between its and base. consistently part stipe way top Finally, it exhaustive lists of may be noted that, as this is not a monographic treatise, generic and its subgeneric synonyms are beyond scope. 1 Leotia is here with the but conventionally enumerated along two geoglossaceous genera, I with Korf that better home in the 86. agree it is at Helotiaceae, compare p. 81 81 Persoonia Vol. Part 82 3, I, 1964 KEY TO THE GENERA TREATED brown i. Paraphyses with colourless cell-walls, apically never united into an epithecium by amorphous matter. Axis of stipe not composed of a dense network of narrow hyphae entwining more or less inflated longitudinal hyphae. 2. Fertile head continuous with stipe. of axis of in width. 3. Stipe never white. Hyphae stipe not exceeding 10 /x Spores finally many-celled. Head sides 4. compressed, at least when mature. Hymenium on two opposite extending farther down the stem than on the two other (compressed) sides. Hyphae of axis of stipe agglutinated, inseparable Microglossum Head from line 4. not compressed. Hymenium separated stipe by a straight at right angles to stipe. Hyphae ofaxis ofstipe easily separable Nothomitra of axis of much wide. 3- Stipe white. Hyphae stipe inflated, up to 20-30 /< Spores finally 2-celled Mitrula Fertile head from sterile disk of axis of 2. separated stipe by or groove. Hyphae stipe agglutinated, inseparable. Spores finally 2-celled Heyderia I. Paraphyses either apically with brown cell-walls or united into an epithecium by brown matter. Axis of of dense network of amorphous stipe composed a narrow hyphae entwining less inflated more or longitudinal hyphae Thuemenidium MICROGLOSSUM Gill.—Figs. 1-5 Sacc. in Bot. Zbl. Microglossum Gill., Champ. France, Discomyc. 25. 1879; not Microglossum 18: O. — 214. 1884 (= Thuemenidium Kuntze). Type species: Geoglossum viride Pers. ex Fr. Leploglossum § Xanthoglossum Sacc., Syll. Fung. 8: 48. 1889. — Xanthoglossum (Sacc.) O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 875. 1891. — Type species: Geoglossum luteum Peck (= G. rufum Schw.), here selected. S. Imai in Bot. — Microglossum sect. Ochroglossum Mag., Tokyo 52: 421. 1938. Ochroglossum Imai in Sci. Yokohama Univ. No. 6. — (S. Imai) S. Rep. nat. (Sect. 2) 4: 1955. Type species: Schw. Imai Fac. 186. Geoglossum rufum (see in,J. Agric. Hokkaido Univ. 45: 1941). MATERIAL EXAMINED: Microglossum viride (Pers. ex Fr.) Gill. (FRANCE, Lougres; L 956.110-294); M. olivaceum (Pers. ex Fr.) Gill. (JAPAN, Hokkaido, Nopporo forest; L 937.217-108); M. rufum (Schw.) Underw. (JAPAN, Hokkaido, Mt. Meakan; L 937-21 7" 1 °3)- The axis of the stipe in Microglossum viride is composed of strongly agglutinated which the These hyphae are inseparable except by tapping forcibly on cover-glass. not little constricted at the hyphae (Fig. 1) are 4.5-5.3 n wide, thin-walled, or septa, occasionally branched. At the periphery of the stipe the hyphae are darker-coloured and form ill-defined cortex. an They are strongly agglutinated, 2.7-4.5 1" wide, thick-walled about the moderately (cell-walls up to 1 /i thick), and septa are usually spaced at shorter intervals (Fig. 2). The of olivaceum structure the stipe in Microglossum is very much the same, only in that the in the axis wide. differing hyphae are up to 10 fi The structure of the stipe in Microglossum rufum is largely the same. The hyphae of the axis of the taken from its thin-walled stipe, near apex, are 2.7-3.6 /i wide, very (cell-walls 0.5 n thick), not inflated, not constricted at the septa (Fig. 3). Farther down the the somewhat and stipe hyphae are up to 6.3 n wide, thicker-walled, slightly constricted at the septa (Fig. 4). At the periphery of the stipe (Fig. 5) the the of hyphae are strongly agglutinated, of same width as those in the axis the stipe, thick-walled little constricted the moderately (cell-walls up to 1 n thick), at septa. Maas Geesteranus: On Geoglossaceae 83 The squamules, which are scattered over the surface of the stipe, are composed of hyphae branched off from the peripheral hyphae and curved outward. These side- branches become increasingly torulose toward the tip of the squamule, and their cell-walls be thick. may slightly over I /i Imai differentiated from follows: — (1955: 3) Ochroglossum Microglossum as shorter than in i. Ascophores usually olivaceous or green when matured; spores usually 40 fi length; paraphyses usually straight or slightly curved at the apices Microglossum cinnamon-brown when 2. Ascophores usually yellow, brown or matured; spores usually than in curved or circinate at the longer 40 /; length; paraphyses usually strongly apices Ochroglossum The repeated use of the word "usually" indicates that Imai had difficulty in and In each of the drawing a sharp line between Microglossum Ochroglossum. fact, characters ascribed also in least one of the other. to one genus occurs at species This fact coupled with the very similar structure of the stipe leads me to the con- clusion that Ochroglossum cannot be separated generically from Microglossum, and is equally difficult to maintain as a section of the latter. Microglossum (inclusive of Ochroglossum) and Mitrula have been distinguished from the relative size ofthe Nannfeldt each other by (i) spores (Durand 1908, 1942, Mains 1956a), (ii) the shape of the spores (Durand, Nannfeldt, Imai 1941, 1956), the of the (iii) the septation of the spores (Durand, Nannfeldt, Imai), and (iv) shape ascigerous portion (Mains, Imai 1956). viride. — from axis of — from Figs. 1, 2. Microglossum 1. Hyphae stipe. 2. Hyphae periphery of stipe (x 700). — axis of taken from its — Figs. 3-5. Microglossum rufum. 3. Hyphae from stipe near apex. farther down the axis. — from of 4. Hyphae 5. Hyphae periphery stipe (x 700). 84 Persoonia Vol. 3, Part I, 1964 Ad (i). — The length of the spores of Microglossum viride, as measured by Durand, Imai and is In related M. olivaceum the 1941, Mains, (12—) 14-22 (-37) ft. closely is 10-18 to the the in spore length (-20) fi. According same authors, spore length Mitrula is paludosa 10-18 (-20) /u. Ad — The ofthe in M. viride described (ii). shape spores was variously as cylindrical- oblong, elliptical-oblong, oblong-clavate (Durand), cylindraceo-oblongis, oblongo- clavatis vel longe fusiformibus (Imai), allantoid, subfusoid, cymbiform (Mains). The holds for M. olivaceum. The in Mitrula described same spores paludosa were as cylindrical, clavate-cylindrical (Durand), cylindraceis, clavato-cylindrac.eis vel sub- fusiformibus (Imai), clavate, subcylindric, subfusoid, cymbiform (Mains). Ad — The in viride and M. olivaceum (iii). spores Microglossum are long continuous, but become 3-4-septate (Durand, Imai) or are usually multiguttulate (Mains). The Mitrula spores in paludosa are continuous (Durand) or finally rarely i-septate (Imai, Mains). Ad (iv). — The shape of the ascigerous portion in Microglossum viride was described lanceolate The as to elliptical, strongly compressed (Durand, Imai), clavate (Mains). head of Mitrulapaludosa was described as elliptical, elliptical-oblong, piriform, often somewhat compressed (Durand, Imai), obovoid, cylindric, subgloboid (Mains). From the above it that it is from appears impossible to distinguish Microglossum Mitrula (as the latter was currently understood) on the basis of the size or shape of the spores. Septation of the spores in general does not seem to be a reliable criterion for the distinction of and this is in the genera, particularly true Geoglossaceae. The condition of the in bilaterally compressed ascigerous portion Microglossum seems to have some value as a differential character against Mitrula, but the distinction fails when such species as Microglossum capitatum Tai and M.
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