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University Microfilms International 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PINEAL ANTIGONADOTROPIN Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Wray, Mary Jane Matthews Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 05/10/2021 14:22:10 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/298423 INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page{s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. 5. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. University Microfilms International 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor. Michigan 48106 USA St. John's Road. Tyler's Green High Wycombe, Bucks, England HP10 8HR 7901725 WRAY. MARY JANE MATTHEWS PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PINEAL ANTIGONADOTROPIN. UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, PH.D., 1978 University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTEREZATION OF PINEAL ANTIGONADOTROPIN by Mary Jane Matthews Wray A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 19 7 8 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA. GRADUATE COLLEGE 1 hereby reconmend that this dissertation prepared under my direction by Mary Jane Wray entitled Physiological Characterization, of Pineal Antigonadotropin be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy yi,'?7r )issartation Director Dat As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read this dissertation and agree that it may be presented for final defense. ft 6-C^ / T jruU, /°/7-2 zr('SU4 ms; (f-19 ^3 C\J;, IT7X Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation Is contingent on the candidate's adequate performance and defense thereof at the final oral examination. STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission/ provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: . rr\ oJOcUnw^ — a* ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My warmest and deepest appreciation is extended to Dr. Bryant Benson who has been my close friend and colleague for the eight years that I either directly or indirectly have been associated with this project. He has contributed more than any other person to my intel­ lectual as well as my personal growth and I will always remain indebted to him. I also thank Dr. Alvin Rodin who served as my major advisor for my master's work. I am grateful to the members of my committee: Dr. Philip Krutzsch, Dr. Jay Angevine, Jr., Dr. Richard Stouffer, and Dr. Eldon Braun. These men were all kind and patient with me in this long endeavor. The other members of our laboratory also made important contributions to this project. I wish to thank especially Debbie and Bruce Richardson, Carla LaPorte, Peggy Krasovich, Carmen Bria, and Dr. Brent Larsen. I also am very grateful to April McFarland, Toni Foster, and Lois Bucherer for their help with the typing. For both their helpful advice and support I also thank Dr. Mac Hadley of the Department of Biology and Dr. Victor Hruby of the Department of Chemistry. I am thankful to my mother and father, Vera and Buck Matthews, in all that X do. Lastly I thank my husband, Vernon, for all the new horizons that he opened in my now rich and meaningful life. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS vii LIST OF TABLES ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS X ABSTRACT xiii HISTORICAL REVIEW * 1 Introduction 1 The Effects of Light on Reproduction 4 Effects on Reproduction 4 Effects on the Pineal Gland 10 Diurnal Pineal Rhythms 11 Non-Reproductive Effects of Light 12 Pinealectomy 13 Reproductive Effects 14 Non-Reproductive Effects on Endocrine Organs 19 Effects of Extracts . 22 Pineal Substances 29 Indoles and Melatonin 29 Pineal Enzymes 37 Pineal Peptides 42 Morphological Correlation 52 Pineal Incubation 60 Human Pineal Relations 62 Conclusion 64 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 65 Site of Action of Pineal Antigonadotropin 65 Effects of Pineal Antigonadotropin in the Hamster 66 Studies on the Effects of Arginine Vasotocin 68 MATERIALS AND METHODS 69 Extraction of Pineal Glands 69 Organic Solvent Extraction 69 Aqueous Extraction 70 Radioimmunoassay (RIA) Procedures 70 Testosterone RIA 70 Luteinizing Hormone and Prolactin RIA 72 iv V TABLE OF CONTENTS—Continued Page Site of Action of Pineal Antigonadotropin 76 Dose Response of Immature Mouse Ovaries to Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin 76 Dose Response of Immature Mouse Ventral Prostates to Human Chorionic Gonadotropin 79 Effect of Pineal Extract on Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin Stimulation of Ovaries in Immature Female Mice 79 Effect of Pineal Extract on Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Stimulation in Immature Male Mice .... 80 Dose Response of Castrate Mouse Ventral Prostates to Prolactin 81 Effect of Pineal Extract on Luteinizing Hormone Release from Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone-Stimulated Rat Anterior Pituitary Glands In Vitro 81 Effect of Microinjection of Pineal Extract into the Rat Pituitary and Median Eminence on Luteinizing Hormone and Prolactin 82 Effects of Pineal Antigonadotropin in the Hamster 84 Effect of Short-Term Treatment of Male Hamsters .... 84 Effects of Long-Term Treatment of Male Hamsters .... 85 Effect of Extract on the 24-Hour Post-Castration Rise of Serum Luteinizing Hormone in Male Hamsters . 86 Effect of Pineal Extract on the Luteinizing Hormone in Long-Term Castrate Hamsters 86 Effect of Pineal Extract on Luteinizing Hormone Surge in Female Hamsters 86 Effect of Prolactin and Anterior Pituitary Grafts on Gonadal Atrophy in Blinded Male Hamsters 87 Studies on the Effect of Arginine Vasotocin 88 Statistical Methods 89 RESULTS 90 Site of Action of Pineal Antigonadotropin 90 Direct Gonadal Effects of Pineal Antigonadotropin ... 90 Effect on Pituitary Glands In Vitro 90 Effect of Microinjection of Pineal Extract 97 Dose Response of Castrate Mouse Ventral Prostate to Prolactin 97 Effect of Pineal Antigonadotropin in the Hamster 97 Effect of Short-Term Treatment on Male Hamsters .... 97 Effect of Long-Term Treatment on Male Hamsters 100 Effect on the 24-Hour Post-Castration Serum Luteinizing Hormone Rise in Male Hamsters 107 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS—Continued Page Effect of Pineal Extract on Long-Term Castrate Hamsters 107 Effect of Pineal Extract on Luteinizing Hormone Surge in Female Hamsters 107 Effect of Prolactin and Anterior Pituitary Grafts on Gonadal Atrophy in Blinded Male Hamsters 107 Effects of Arginine Vasotocin 112 DISCUSSION 122 Site of Action of Pineal Antigonadotropin 123 Effect of Pineal Antigonadotropin in the Hamster 125 Studies on the Effects of AVT 130 CONCLUSION 133 LITERATURE CITED 134 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Standard curve for testosterone radioimmunoassay 73 2. Iodination of LH for radioimmunoassay 75 3. Standard curve for LH radioimmunoassay 77 4. Standard curve for prolactin radioimmunoassay 78 5. Dose response of immature mouse ovaries to PMS 91 6. Dose response of immature mouse ventral prostate to HCG . 92 7. Effect of pineal extract on ventral prostate in mature mice 93 8. Lack of an effect of pineal extract on PMS stimulation of immature mouse ovaries 94 9. Lack of an effect of pineal extract on HCG stimulation of immature mouse ventral prostates 95 10. Absence of an effect of pineal extract on LH output from LHRH-stimulated rat anterior pituitaries 96 11. Effect of pineal extract on ventral prostate weight in hamsters 101 12.
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