Land between Bradford Road and Park Lane, Corsham
Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment
A Report on behalf of Redcliffe Homes Ltd
October 2015
30 Brock Street Bath BA1 2LN tel: 01225 445548 fax: 01225 312387 [email protected]
www.npaconsult.co.uk Redcliffe Homes Ltd Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Land between Bradford Road and Park Lane, Corsham
CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Scope and Methodology
3.0 Landscape Planning Context
4.0 Landscape Character Baseline
5.0 Visual Context Baseline
6.0 Description of Development and Identification of Potential Impacts of the Scheme
7.0 Assessment of Landscape Character Impacts and Effects
8.0 Assessment of Visual Impacts and Effects
9.0 Cumulative Landscape and Visual Effects
10.0 Summary and Conclusions
Figures 1: Designation map 2: Viewpoint location map 3a - 3e: Viewpoint photographs 1-10
Appendices 1: LVIA Assessment Methodology 2: Landscape Character Area Descriptions
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Nicholas Pearson Associates was appointed to undertake a Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment on behalf of Redcliffe Homes to investigate the potential impacts of a proposed residential development at a site located between Bradford Road and Park Lane, Corsham, Wiltshire. The description of development remains as per a previous application on the same site in 2014, however modifications have been made to provide ecological mitigation as required with respects to bats. These modifications comprise:
Incorporation of the existing stone wall running north/ south through the site into the scheme, plus a 10m buffer.
Provision of 10 – 15m wide dark corridors alongside Park Lane and Bradford Road.
Including new hedgerow on along Park Lane and translocation of approximately 140m of the northern boundary hedgerow 3m inward on Bradford Road
1.2 The Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Report describes the existing landscape conditions and setting of the Site area, hereafter referred to as the Site, and provides an analysis of its landscape and visual characteristics. This report will form part of the information submitted in support of an outline planning application for the Site.
1.3 Relevant landscape planning policies applicable to the Site are noted. Key design proposals are described and the potential landscape impact and significance of developing the Site is assessed. Landscape mitigation and enhancement measures, together with any residual impacts, are identified.
1.4 The appraisal process draws on the principles set out in ‘Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment’, produced by the Landscape Institute and Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment, 2013. Field survey work was undertaken in July and August 2013.
1.5 The baseline conditions have been reviewed from previously and are considered to remain valid for the purposes of this LVIA and the application.
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2.0 SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY
2.1 The methodology for this LVIA draws upon guidance provided in the Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment and Landscape Institute (LI/IEMA) document, ‘Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment’ (LI/IEMA 2013). For full assessment methodology see Appendix 1.
2.2 Visits to the Site and local surroundings was undertaken in July and August 2013 and photographs were taken using digital photography. In certain instances, the photographs have been digitally ‘stitched’ together to provide panoramic photographs.
2.3 For clarity throughout this section, the term ‘landscape’ has been used to describe all combinations of, and relationships between, built form, surrounding ‘open’/undeveloped space and other natural and man-made features within the Site location.
2.4 Landscape is defined in the European Landscape Convention, as follows:
‘...an area, as perceived by people, whose character is the result of the action and interaction of natural and/or human factors’.
2.5 Landscape character is described by the physical parameters and features of a locality, which are characteristic of, and define the locality. An evaluation of the character is made to identify the most valued areas and those displaying high quality characteristics.
2.6 Visual considerations relate specifically to the views of a landscape afforded to people. These separate but related issues form the basis for landscape character and visual impact assessment (LVIA).
2.7 Mitigation has been an integral part of the design process, and as such is ‘primary mitigation’. The key aspects of the mitigation are referenced as appropriate throughout the report.
2.8 A detailed description of the methodology is provided for reference in Appendix A. Wiltshire Council have been consulted in relation to the selection of appropriate viewpoints for the assessment.
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3.0 LANDSCAPE PLANNING CONTEXT
3.1 The overall planning context is found in the Planning Statement and will not be reproduced in this report. However policies of particular relevance to the Site in relation to landscape and visual qualities have been carried are outlined as follows:
National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF)
3.2 The following references within the NPPF are important in informing an appraisal of the Site and assessing the implications of development:
Section 7, Requiring good design, Paragraph 58 states that planning policies and decisions should aim to ensure that developments:
‘establish a strong sense of place, using streetscapes and buildings to create attractive and comfortable places to live, work and visit; respond to local character and history, and reflect the identity of local surroundings and materials, while not preventing or discouraging appropriate innovation; create safe and accessible environments (which) are visually attractive as a result of good architecture and appropriate landscaping’.
Section 11, Conserving and enhancing the natural environment, Paragraph 114 states:
‘Local planning authorities should set out a strategic approach in their Local Plans, planning positively for the creation, protection, enhancement and management of networks of biodiversity and green infrastructure’.
3.3 The proposed development provides 170 residential development with a community hall/doctors/dentists in close proximity to the centre of Corsham, providing new residential amenity and resources which will support the existing, surrounding residential communities. In relation to such development the NPPF guides the design to respond to local character, create safe accessible environments, enhance and manage green infrastructure.
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North Wiltshire Local Plan
3.4 The Wiltshire Core Strategy is currently in preparation. Current local guidance includes the local plans produced by the former district councils. The site is within the area covered by the North Wiltshire Local Plan 2011. A number of ‘saved’ policies with relevance to the proposals are contained within the Local Plan, those relevant to landscape and conservation include: NE10 Managing nature conservation features; NE11 Conserving biodiversity; NE14 Trees, site features and the control of new development; NE15 Conserving the landscape character of the countryside. Policy NE3, a former policy of the North Wiltshire Local Plan relating to the Rural Buffer, is no longer a saved policy and is therefore no longer relevant guidance. The separate Planning Statement covers planning policy in further detail.
Wiltshire Core Strategy (WCS)
3.5 The core strategy includes two policies which are of consideration for this development, these include Core Policy 51 ‘Landscape’ and 57 ‘Ensuring high quality design and place shaping’. In relation to landscape, the policy advises that ‘Proposals should be informed by and sympathetic to the distinctive character areas identified in the relevant Landscape Character Assessments’. Character assessments which encompass the Site location are discussed in section 4.0 of this report. Policy 57 states ‘Development is expected to create a strong sense of place through drawing on the local context and being complimentary to the locality’, the proposals have been developed taking the specific local context into consideration, giving the opportunity for an informed, responsive design.
Planning Practice Guidance: Design (ID 26)
3.6 Recent planning guidance on design, updated March 2014, sets out how good design can affect a range of economic, social and environmental objectives. The guidance advices on the promotion of local character including landscape setting. In response to the guidance, it is important that the proposals respond to and reinforce locally distinctive patterns of development, to include taking into account the Sites landform and local heritage resource. Potential methods of enhancing local distinctiveness can be through ‘the use of local materials, building methods and detail’s which can be ‘used in evolutionary local design, and… in more contemporary design’.
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4.0 LANDSCAPE CHARACTER BASELINE
National, Regional and Local Landscape Character Assessments
National Character Area Profile 107 The Cotswolds
4.1 The site lies within National Character Area (NCA) 107 the Cotswolds (Natural England, 2013). The NCA profile provides a broad character description of the Cotswolds and provides information of the wider landscape setting and context. The characteristics of the Cotswolds character area which particularly relate to the Site and surrounding area include:
It is defined by its underlying geology: a dramatic scarp rising above adjacent lowlands with steep combes, scarp foot villages and beech woodlands.
Incised landscapes with deep wide valleys.
Flat, open dip slope landscape with extensive arable farmland.
Honey-coloured Cotswold stone in walls, houses and churches.
Attractive stone villages with a unity of design and materials.
Wiltshire Landscape Character Assessment Area 16A Malmesbury-Corsham Limestone Lowlands
4.2 Within Wiltshire Landscape Character Assessment (Land Use Consultants, 2005) the Site is located within landscape character area 16A: 16A Malmesbury-Corsham Limestone Lowlands. The character area covers a large area of North West Wiltshire, the general condition of the Limestone Lowland Landscape type is described as good ‘with intact hedgerows, traditional villages of vernacular stone dwellings, village greens and stone walls’. The site is not specifically mentioned. Key characteristics which are relevant to the Site field and its immediate surroundings include: gently undulating, arable farmland; small scale irregular fields of medieval pattern close to settlement; a strong network of hedgerows with hedgerow trees and dry stone walls around settlements.
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North Wiltshire Landscape Character Assessment Area 10 Corsham Rolling Lowlands
4.3 Within North Wiltshire Landscape Character Assessment (WHITE consultants, 2004) the Site falls within the area described as Corsham Rolling Lowlands. The site is typical of what is described as ‘the fringe’ consisting of “20th century development with military structures and industrial areas mixed with a mosaic of housing, small fields and woodlands”. Other characteristics of the lowlands which are relevant to the Site and its immediate context include: panoramic views out towards north and east in parts and the visual influence of electricity transmission lines, which are present across the Site.
Landscape Designations
4.4 Figure 1 shows landscape designations in the local area. The site is outside any nationally designated areas including the Cotswold Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and is neither within the Green belt nor any local landscape constraint designation. In terms of the setting of the AONB, the Site is well contained by existing mature vegetation and within the context of existing built up/ residential areas.
4.5 The site is located approximately 600m from Bath & Bradford on Avon Bat Special Area of Conservation (SAC), this landscape is considered a valuable habitat for bats. The designation sets out to maintain the natural habitats and avoid the disturbance of qualifying species. The SAC is separated from the Site by Leafy Lane, Bradford Road and a residential area of Rudloe.
Site Landscape Appraisal
4.6 The site (approximately 9.7ha) landscape comprises a gently sloping asymmetrical field. The site is set at approximately 125m AOD, within a gently rolling landscape comprising of a mixture of both rural and urban development.
Surrounding Context
4.7 The site is located between Bath Road and Park Lane, to the east of Rudloe and to the west of Corsham. MOD sites are located along parts of the south west and south east boundaries. To the north of the Site are fields of arable use with residential areas of Corsham extending to the north east. A residential area and Basil Hill Barracks lie along the east boundary of the
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Site. The wider landscape character is strongly influenced by a combination of the gently undulating nature of the contoured landscape, the mixed agricultural land uses and well settled character of villages including Corsham, Box and Rudloe.
Site Context
4.8 The site is currently accessed by vehicles from Park Lane, via an informal entrance at the north of the Site. It is accessed on foot by to entrances one on the north west boundary, one on the south east boundary which provide access for the public right of way.
4.9 The main body of the Site is a gently sloping arable field, sloping toward the north east, enclosed along the north west boundary to Bradford Road and in part along the south east boundary to Park Lane by mature, managed hedgerows and tree lined boundaries. A copse of mature trees is located at the southern end of the boundary along Park Lane. The south west boundary to Skynet Drive and further Ministry of Defence property is open to the road as is a large portion of the boundary to Park Lane. The northern edge is bounded by a strip of mixed trees and shrubs which provides a boundary to the neighbouring Industrial Area. A remnant stone wall running north/ south through the central part of the site. An open aspect is gained looking across the Sites field within the field framework out toward Corsham and Chippenham.
4.10 A public footpath crosses the Site linking between residential areas of Rudloe to the west and residential and recreational area of Hudswell to the south east.
4.11 There is no lighting on site, although that which exists in relation to the adjacent residential area will have local influence. Two electricity pylons are located within the Site near to the footpath which crosses the Site.
4.12 There are no other extant landscape features or elements on site, or immediately adjacent, which relate to any notable aspect of the landscape character as set out in the Wiltshire Landscape Character Assessment character.
4.13 Overall the Site is a segment of land which presents an open field locally influenced by the neighbouring residential areas, with some physical enclosure provided by the surrounding mature boundary vegetation. It provides an element of partially open farm land in between
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the surrounding settlements of Rudloe and Corsham, with more open farmland extending to the north of the Site out toward Hartham, Slaughterford and Biddestone. The site’s contribution as part of the landscape setting of the settlement is considered moderate due to the part open, part enclosed nature of the Site resulting from the partially enclosed boundaries.
Landscape Receptors
4.14 Relevant landscape receptors are identified below. The sensitivity of the receptors to the proposed development, the magnitude of effect and overall level of effect are assessed in section 9.
Receptor 1: Arable Field in which the Site is located
4.15 The gently sloping arable site field, is a segment of land providing an element of partially open farm land in between the surrounding settlements. A tree copse is located along the south- east edge of the Site, a remnant stone crosses the site; and an extensive, mature hedgerow with trees along the north boundary These are positive features and characteristic of the semi- rural locality. A strip of mixed trees and shrubs at the north tip of the Site currently provides a valuable visual buffer and physical boundary to the neighbouring Industrial Area.
Receptor 2: Local character of Bradford Road
4.16 The immediate locality to the north of the Site comprises a mix of residential development, the roadside is bordered by a mature hedgerow which provides a boundary to this edge of the Site.
Receptor 3: Local character of Park Lane
4.17 The immediate locality to the south comprises a mix of residential and MOD development, areas of recreational green space and the arable site field. Tree groups, copses and occasional individual trees are found on each side of the road, more frequently along the side opposite to the Site. Boundary treatments include dry stone walls and hedgerows. There is no physical boundary to the Site and an open aspect is available across the field.
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Receptor 4: Local character of Corsham
4.18 The town of Corsham lies to the east of the Site, with the western extent of the residential settlement meeting the eastern end of the Site. Corsham is a historic market town at its core with wider residential expansion resulting from various industries including manufacturing for the Ministry of Defence, which has a number of establishments in the surrounding locality.
Receptor 5: Local character of Rudloe
4.19 Rudloe is a village to the west of Corsham and west of the Site, the built up areas of Rudloe are separated from the sit by part of a field. Rudloe consists of residential development and a number of MOD and RAF sites. This includes an RAF site which borders Westwells Road and Bradford Road which formerly comprised of RAF Rudloe Manor.
5.0 VISUAL CONTEXT BASELINE
5.1 A visual appraisal of the Site and its setting has been carried out, as follows:
Identification of the areas from which views to the Site, or parts of the Site, can potentially be seen, was carried out utilising an OS map and a digitally produced Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) indicated on figure 2.
Identification of key potential receptor locations within the ZTV considering the accessibility of potential viewpoints, proximity to the Site and value of potential receptors, utilising air photographs, designation searches and the study of OS data.
Field survey and assessment to confirm perceptible views.
Mapping of existing features topography, hedgerows, woodlands and trees and built development to identify visual screening elements to the Site (consideration of seasonal change in this context).
5.2 The visual context is determined by a combination of the Site’s elevation in relation to the surrounding area and the nature of surrounding development and land cover. The context was established via desk study of mapping and aerial photographs and site survey. The
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enclosing effect of vegetation and local built form together with the availability of accessible viewpoints further defined views to the Site.
Visual Receptors
5.3 The application site is located toward the eastern part of a larger field and this appraisal take this positioning into consideration. Photographs taken during the Site survey, from representative viewpoints looking towards the Site, are shown in Figures 3a to 3e, while Figure 2 indicates the location of these viewpoints. The representative viewpoints are described below.
Immediate view from Skynet Drive (representative viewpoint 1)
5.4 This view is taken from a drive which forms the south west boundary of the Site, it looks north-east directly across the Site. The field is open to the road with no boundary fence or hedgerow in this location. The pylons are a dominant element in the view. Distant views toward the far horizon are available where variation in the far tree line permits.
Immediate views from Bradford Road (representative viewpoints 2, 3 and 4)
5.5 Here the views are transient and look into the Site, with the mature dense hedgerow boundary intercepting the views. Approaching the Site from the south (viewpoint 2), views of the southern end of the field can be seen between boundary trees. The location for potential development is proposed at the far end of the field from this viewpoint. Views toward the Site are available from a small number of properties on the eastern edge of Rudloe. These views are filtered and limited in part by the mature boundary hedgerow. Views approaching the Site from the north / Corsham (viewpoint 4) are initially intercepted by a group of mature trees. Further east views of the proposed development could potentially be visible above the hedgerow along Bradford Road.
Immediate views from Park Lane and public footpath (see viewpoints 5 and 6)
5.6 Here the views are transient; from the road or from the roadside footpath. View 6 is also representative of transient views from the public footpath which crosses the field outside and south west of the application boundary. A belt of trees at the northern edge forms a buffer
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between the Site and the adjacent industrial unit (viewpoint 5). A few residential properties back onto Park Lane, some of these have potential views into the Site between trees along the garden boundaries. The site field is generally open to the lane with no fence or hedgerow along the majority of the boundary. The copse of trees provides a dominant visual feature midway along the field edge and the public footpath is noticeable crossing the Site.
Bath Road / A4, 300m north west of the Site (viewpoint 7)
5.7 These views are transient - from the main road or the accompanying footpath, from approximately 0.3km north of the Site. A direct view to the Site is afforded from a short section of the road where the residential area of Rudloe ceases in the middle ground and intercepting vegetation and developments cease in the fore ground.
Public footpath / Guyers Lane, 350m north of the Site (viewpoint 8)
5.8 In this intermediate view from the entrance to Spindrift, approximately 350m north of the Site, the Site is concealed by a combination of intervening vegetation and the residential properties on Stone Close.
Footpath along Leafield Road, 650m south of the Site (viewpoint 9)
5.9 This view is taken near ‘The Old Vicarage’, approximately .65km south of the Site a typical view looking toward the Site which takes in gently sloping field and residential areas. The site is concealed predominantly by a combination of the undulating topography, intercepting buildings and mature vegetation.
Public footpath crossing a field at Chapel Plaister, 1.4km south west of the Site (viewpoint 10)
5.10 This viewpoint is approximately 1.4km south the Site. Within these distant views, intercepting woodlands conceal views to the Site.
Visual Context Summary
5.11 Overall, it is considered that the Site has limited visibility in the mid and far distant views as a result of the surrounding landform, the mature vegetation and built development surrounding
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the Site. A view is available from Bath Road however this is transient and for a short section only. Immediate and open views to the Site can be experienced from the south and east boundary roads, footpaths, a public footpath crossing the field south of the Site and a small number of residential properties. While immediate views from the north and west boundaries are concealed by vegetation or buffered by the hedgerow and the distance from the location of the proposed development. Views of the Site are directly experience from the public footpath which crosses the Site. Views to the Site from further afield are largely unobtainable due to the landform, built development and intercepting vegetation. From the north east the residential areas of Corsham conceal views to the Site.
6.0 DESCRIPTION OF DEVELOPMENT AND IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE SCHEME
Description of development (see Design and Access Statement and Planning Statement for full description).
6.1 A summary description of the proposed development is as follows:
170 new dwellings with a combination of 2, 3 and 4 bedrooms.
Community hub/doctors/dentists.
Green infrastructure provision including; areas of open space, sustainable drainage features, tree planting and retained/ relocated hedgerows. Retention of the existing tree copse and mature boundary hedgerow which are positive attributes of the local character.
Design and Mitigation Measures
6.2 The following design and mitigation measures are set out in summary below. The design and mitigation is considered to take forward opportunities to mitigate landscape or visual effects.
Retention of remaining area of agricultural field, with the creation as species rich grassland, retaining an area of open green space between the development and the residential areas of Rudloe.
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Retention of existing tree groups and hedgerow boundary.
Green buffer planting introduced along the northern edge, strengthening existing vegetation and providing a visual and spatial buffer to the built development.
Enhancements to existing tree belt at the east end of the Site.
Minimum 5m wide landscaped strip along the western edge providing shelter and a strong green edge to the development, extending from existing tree group.
Tree planting along proposed residential streets creating tree avenues and creating a green network across the Site.
Green spaces at edges of site extending existing tree groups and boundary vegetation.
7.0 ASSESSMENT OF LANDSCAPE CHARACTER IMPACTS AND EFFECTS
7.1 The characteristics of the identified landscape character areas / receptors are described in section 4. The potential impacts of the proposed development on the Site and local landscape character are assessed as follows.
7.2 Landscape receptors are described in terms of susceptibility to change and the nature of the receptor and its sensitivity to the proposed development are evaluated. The effects on each given receptor are considered and the magnitude of change is assessed. A judgement is then made on the overall level of effect of the change, by considering the sensitivity of the receptor in combination with the magnitude of the change. The methodology is further described in Appendix A.
7.3 The stages at which the elements of the proposals have been considered are as follows:
The temporary construction works, comprising groundwork’s for the development, construction/erection of building and car parking and approach roads.
The completed residential development with car parking, landscaping and all associated ancillary works.
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Landscape Effects - Construction
7.4 The construction works themselves would result in temporary localised changes to the area within the Site, which comprises one large field. Sensitivity to construction is considered to be medium. Construction would likely comprise; groundworks followed by built form, access road and car parking. Construction work would include associated vehicle movements to/from and around the Site. These construction effects overall relate to specific, short term elements of work. This is considered to result in a high magnitude of change in the Site, but medium/low magnitude of change in the wider landscape. Due to the temporary nature of construction works, the overall level of effect on the landscape is considered to be minor/ moderate adverse level of effect.
Landscape Effects - Operation
Receptor 1: Arable Field in which the Site is located
7.5 The proposed development will introduce new built form over approximately half the field. The arable field, provides an element of partially open farm land set within the context of the surrounding settlements. Half of the field will remain as is with the existing public footpath retained. The receptor is considered to have medium sensitivity to the development. The proposed development will introduce a permanent change to part of the arable field, the proposals are in keeping with the surrounding pattern of residential development. Landscape proposals, including retention of existing vegetation and new areas of structural landscaping, retain existing positive features and strengthen the green character of the Site are an intrgal part of the scheme. The proposals constitute an alteration to part of the field and cause a moderate magnitude of change. The overall level of effect is moderate adverse.
Receptor 2: Local character of Bradford Road
7.6 The proposal retains the existing mature hedgerow which is a key feature and characteristic along this section of Bradford Road. The proposals introduce new residential development set back from the boundary with an area of buffer planting along this edge. The rooftops of the built development may be partially visible set back and above the boundary vegetation. Residential developments form part of the local character along Bradford Road, with residential areas located further along the road in each direction. Bradford Road is considered
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to have low sensitivity to the proposed residential development, the magnitude of impact is considered to be low and the overall level effect is minor adverse.
Receptor 3: Local character of Park Lane
7.7 Park Lane currently affords an open view across the agricultural site field to the north, with a mixture of residential buildings and public green spaces to the south and the MOD developments of Rudloe further along. The open site field highly influences the experiential character of the road, the proposed development will introduce new built residential properties with a stone wall boundary along a small section of the road, where it is currently open to the arable land. The character of Park Lane is considered to have medium sensitivity to the proposed change. The proposals are not wholly uncharacteristic of the area, with residential areas of Corsham to the north and other residential properties dispersed along the opposite side of the road. The magnitude of change, which is within part of the open field along this road, is considered to be moderate and the overall level of effect moderate adverse.
Receptor 4: Local character of Corsham Town
7.8 The proposals will introduce a new area of residential development on the edge of the town. The proposals take up part of the field which lies between Corsham and Rudloe and provides a relatively small extension to the settlement. The character of Corsham is considered to have a low sensitivity to a development of this scale, which is at the periphery, alongside other residential areas and designed in keeping with the local built character. The magnitude of change, which extends the residential area of Corsham into part of a field which is part of the towns setting, is considered to be low and the overall level of effect is minor adverse - neutral.
Receptor 5: Local character of Rudloe
7.9 The proposals introduce an area of residential development in the far, eastern most part of a field which lies to the east of the residential area of Rudloe. The proposed development remains separated from the residential area by an area of agricultural field which will remain undeveloped. The character of Rudloe is considered to have a moderate sensitivity to a development of this scale which will remain separate, yet close in proximity and which is
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designed in keeping with the local built character. The magnitude of change which increases the extent of residential development within the surroundings of Rudloe and takes up part of an agricultural field which forms the setting of the area, is considered to be low and the overall level of change minor adverse.
Landscape Character – Summary
7.10 The development would result in loss of part of an existing area of arable farm land, comprising part of an open field, located in the vicinity of existing residential areas and MOD sites with more expansive farmland located to the north and west. In character terms the proposed residential development would comprise a continuation and expansion of the form of the existing established development patterns of Rudloe and Corsham, which is considered to be in keeping with local landscape character.
7.11 The proposals have sought to respond to the character of the local landscape setting and the surrounding built character through its design. The position, scale, mass and form, of the proposed residential buildings, have been carefully selected. Existing and new vegetation together provide a strong green structure to the Site. Buffer planting along the north of the Site and planting along the southern boundary to Park Lane Road, would soften the built development and help attune the new properties with their setting. Structural planting proposed along the western edge of the development area provides a positive vegetated edge to the development. For the reasons described above it is considered that the development would be well integrated into the landscape setting and the overall level of effect would be minor adverse.
8.0 ASSESSMENT OF VISUAL IMPACTS AND EFFECTS
8.1 Visual receptors are described in terms of their value and the susceptibility of the view to change, from this their sensitivity is derived. The assessment of effects is undertaken for each visual receptor and the magnitude of the change is assessed. Through considering the combined sensitivity of the visual receptor and the magnitude of change a judgement is then made on the overall level of effect. The methodology is described in Appendix A.
8.2 The selection of viewpoints assessed reflect the different angles of view, from locations and distances identified at which a visual effect could potentially be experienced. Figure 2 shows
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the viewpoint locations and Figures 3a to 3e show photographs taken from this viewpoint. Visual effects are considered for both the construction period and once the Site is operational.
8.3 In assessing the proposals, it is assumed that the visual effect being assessed is 5 to 15 years after the scheme has come into operation and the proposed tree and shrub planting established.
Visual Effects - Construction
8.4 The construction works themselves would result in temporary localised changes to views of the Site fields. Receptor sensitivity to such activities is judged as minor – medium. Construction would likely comprise the introduction of construction machinery, site compound and security fencing. Construction work would include associated vehicle movements to/from and around the Site. These construction effects overall relate to specific, short term elements of work. This is considered to result in a high magnitude of change in views of the Site. Due to the temporary nature of construction works, the overall level of visual effect is considered to be minor adverse.
Visual Effects - Operation
Immediate view from Skynet Drive (representative viewpoint 1)
8.5 From Skynet drive, which is located south west and across part of an arable field from the Site, pedestrians and vehicles accessing the nearby MOD site and walkers would experience a transient view of the proposed development. The site is viewed directly at the far, north east end of the adjacent field, whilst travelling along the road. A 5m wide strip of structural landscape planting is proposed along the west edge of the development, this will intercept views to the properties and create a vegetated boundary from this direction. The site has no national or local designation attached to it. Receptors would have a medium sensitivity to the proposed change within the view. The proposed development takes up the furthest half of the adjacent field, introducing new residential development across a wide section of the middles distance of the view, within a currently open agricultural field, such development is familiar in the surrounding locality. The residential properties will be viewed within a green framework, the magnitude of change is considered to be medium and the overall level of effects is judged to be moderate - minor adverse.
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Immediate views from Bradford Road (representative viewpoints 2, 3 and 4)
8.6 Within these transient views to the Site, walkers and drivers would potentially view the proposed residential development intermittently above and beyond the mature road side hedgerow. The proposals are set back from this boundary with a wide vegetated buffer between the properties and the roadside hedge. The receptor is considered to have low sensitivity to the proposals which are in character with the surrounding pattern of residential development. Glimpses of the rooftops of the proposed housing may be experienced, taking up a small portion of the views where none were previously present, along a short section of Bradford Road and at the new site entrance, the magnitude of change is low. Overall the level of visual effect is minor adverse.
Immediate views from Park Lane and public footpath (representative viewpoints 5 and 6)
8.7 Views from along Park Lane and from the local public footpath are transient and direct into the Site field. Experienced by local walkers, cyclists, joggers and commuters the proposed development would introduce new built form within the northern half of the agricultural field. The receptor has medium sensitivity to the change within the view which is sympathetic in layout and form to local built character. The proposals introduce a stone wall boundary along the east edge of the development which meets Park Lane. The existing tree copse is retained to the south of the proposed development and new tree and shrub planting within the development strengthens the Sites green structure. The proposals provide new structural landscape along the south west boundary of the Site which would contribute to the concealment and integration of the proposed buildings in views from the public footpath which crosses the field to the south of the Site. The introduction of new built form within a section of the field in immediate and mid-distant views, from the length of Park Line which runs up to and alongside to the Site, will result in a medium magnitude of change. The overall visual level of effect is moderate adverse.
Bath Road/A4, 250m north west of the Site (representative viewpoint 7)
8.8 From Bath Road transient views toward the mid-distant site are experienced by drivers and cyclists and a small number of pedestrians, along a short section of Bath Road. The proposals introduce new built form within approximately half of the Site field, the rest of which will remain agricultural. The receptors have a medium sensitivity to the proposed change, which
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is in character with the pattern of surrounding residential developments. The proposals incorporate areas of buffer planting and structural landscaping along the north and west boundaries which will contain the built form. Existing residential development and a series of telegraph pylons currently have a visual influence within the near and middle-distance of the view. The magnitude of change is considered to be low-medium. The level of visual effect is minor adverse.
Public footpath / Guyers Lane, 350m north of the Site (representative viewpoint 8)
8.9 Within this view from a pubic footpath and Guyers Lane, the Site is located in the distance, beyond residential properties at Stone Close and clusters of interjecting vegetation including boundary hedgerows and mature trees. The proposals would be imperceptible within the view and the level of visual effect is negligible.
Footpath along Leafield Road, 650m south of the Site (viewpoint 9)
8.10 The site is imperceptible as a result of the existing built form and vegetation within the view. The level of visual effect is negligible.
Public footpath crossing a field at Chapel Plaister, 1.4km south west of the Site (viewpoint 10).
8.11 From this location distant views to the Site are intercepted by established areas of woodland vegetation, the level of visual effect is negligible.
Night-time Effects
8.12 At night the proposed development is expected to produce an increased level of lighting within the Site field from the properties and new street lighting. This will be seen in the context of the lit residential areas of Corsham and Rudloe. The street lighting will follow best practice guidance for street lighting to minimise light spillage and glare.
Visual effects - summary
8.13 Views to the Site are generally well contained by the surrounding rolling topography and built form of Corsham and Rudloe and surrounding residential areas, and buffered by intervening
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woodlands and mature vegetation along road, field boundaries and within existing developed areas. Views which are available to the Site, are afforded from sections of the surrounding roads in the immediate vicinity and from a limited section of Bath Road to the north.
8.14 The layout, height and scale of the proposed built form and integration of landscape elements have been carefully considered in relation to the Site and visual amenity of the surroundings. The visual effect of the proposed development is limited to the loss of part of an agricultural field in transient views obtained from Skynet Drive and Park Lane the public footpath crossing the adjacent area of agricultural field, from nearby private properties to the east and occasional intermittent views from Bradford Road. In such views the development will be seen as an extension to the existing residential development of Corsham.
8.15 Visual impacts beyond the immediate vicinity, are limited to transient views from a section of Bath Road to the north, mainly experienced by drivers and some pedestrians. The proposed development seen in part of the Site field, in the mid distance would be in the context of the existing settlements. The site is largely imperceptible from publically accessible locations further afield and from other orientations as a result of the surrounding topography and existing built development and vegetation. In the views which are available the proposals are well integrated within the landscape and follow the pattern of the existing residential areas. For the reasons described, the overall visual level of effect of the proposals, which potentially constitute a small deterioration in the visual amenity, is minor adverse.
9.0 CUMULATIVE LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL EFFECTS
9.1 The cumulative effects relate to the result of the combined effects of the proposed development in combination with the other recently consented residential developments within the local area.
9.2 The cumulative landscape and visual assessment study area encompasses areas from which the proposed development may potentially be viewed or experienced in conjunction with other proposed developments. This is identified to be the same as the area covered by the Landscape and Visual Assessment.
9.3 Consented schemes which have been identified and may contribute to a cumulative impact include MOD sites at Copenacre and Rudloe 2, Royal Arthur Park; development at ‘Land to
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north of Bath Road’, ‘Land south of Bradford Road, Rudloe’, and the Bath and Portland Stonework’s.
9.4 The baseline and the landscape and visual receptors of the cumulative effects are the same as that of the Landscape and Visual Assessments described in sections 4.0 and 5.0.
Cumulative Landscape Effects
9.5 The cumulative landscape effects will relate to:
Combined development of small areas of agricultural land near to Skynet Drive, on the fringe of Corsham and in between existing MOD sites, with its replacement by residential development and associated elements.
Combined removal of MOD facilities and an industrial site with its replacement by residential led development.
The overall increase in residential development in the local area, which will continue and reflect the extant residential character.
An overall increase in terms of density and mass of residential development at the edges of Corsham and Rudloe within the rolling lowland landscape.
9.6 Sensitivity – moderate; the Sites, located outside of the constraints of any national and local landscape designation, are set within established boundaries. The proposed and consented developments are generally on previously developed / brownfield sites, except for the Site field which is subject of this LVIA and the Gladman site which is under consideration and not consented.
9.7 Magnitude of cumulative landscape change - moderate; the overall increase in residential development is of a size and scale which fits into the structure and parameters of the existing surrounding built development.
9.8 Level of cumulative landscape effect – moderate adverse; the cumulative effect of the developments is limited by the existing presence of residential properties in the surrounding
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locality and the generally small scale nature of the proposed developments which are located on the urban fringe of Corsham.
Cumulative Visual Effects
9.9 The cumulative visual effects will relate to;
The overall loss of relatively small areas of agricultural land (to residential development), overall removal of three separate MOD facilities and an industrial stonework facility, within views from nearby public footpaths and local roads.
The overall change in development within local views.
The overall increase in density of residential development within views from local roads and public rights of way.
9.10 Sensitivity - this is considered to be the same or similar to that established in section 8.
9.11 Magnitude of cumulative visual change – This will vary depending on viewpoint. As described in section 8 views are well contained as a result of the local topography, existing built form and established vegetation. In general terms, a small number of local and mid-distant views would perceive the proposed development in the context of other consented residential developments.
9.12 Local views are limited to those from Bradford Road, Skynet Drive and Park Lane. In transient views along sections of Bradford Road, intermittent glimpses of the proposed development would be followed or preceded by intermittent views of the proposed Hannick Homes development. These views are above and beyond boundary/ buffer vegetation. In transient views along a section of Skynet Drive, the Site would be viewed within part of the field to the north east of the road, the Hannick Homes development site would be viewed in the field to the south west. In transient views along sections of Park Lane, where views are currently open into the Site fields, an increase in the proportion of built development will be seen. In mid- distant views from a short section of Bath Road the Hannick Homes development could potentially be perceived in a small area of field within the view, separated from the Site field by the retained areas of agricultural land.
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9.13 Level of cumulative visual effect – minor/ moderate adverse; overall the local proposals create a perceptible change in a small number of immediate and mid-distant, transient views. The combination of consented and proposed developments creates an increase in the visual prominence of residential development and a decrease in the visual prominence of MOD developments.
10.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
10.1 This landscape and visual impact assessment has been carried out to establish the potential impacts of the proposed development on the Site and its setting.
10.2 The landscape baseline establishes that the Site is located within rolling lowland landscape, at the edge of Corsham near Rudloe. The site is outside of any areas of local or national landscape designation, including the Cotswold Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
10.3 The existing character of the Site field is defined by its arable land use, established hedgerow boundary to the north, open boundary to the south and small tree copse on the south boundary. The proposals, introducing a new area of housing within part of the agricultural field, retain the existing vegetative features. The proposed residential development is characteristic of the type of development found within the local and surrounding area. The landscape proposals incorporate retention of existing features together with introduction of new landscape features to assist with landscape integration.
10.4 Visual impacts beyond the immediate vicinity, are limited to transient views with proposed development seen in the context of the existing settlements. The site is largely imperceptible from publically accessible locations further afield and from other orientations as a result of the surrounding topography and existing built development and vegetation. In the local views which are available the proposals are well integrated within the landscape and follow the pattern of the existing residential areas.
10.5 Overall, the proposals are considered to have a minor adverse effect on the local landscape character and a minor adverse visual effect. It is therefore considered that the described development will not cause unacceptable effects on landscape character or visual amenity.
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REFERENCES
Methodology
Landscape Institute/IEMA (2013) Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Third edition.
The Landscape institute (2011); Advice Note 01/11 ‘Use of photography and photomontage in landscape and visual impact assessment’; http://www.landscapeinstitute.org/PDF/Contribute/LIPhotographyAdviceNote01-11.pdf
Planning Policy
North Wiltshire Local Plan 2011 http://www.wiltshire.gov.uk/planninganddevelopment/planningpolicy/northwiltshirelocalplan.htm
Wiltshire Core Strategy
Planning Practice Guidance: Design, ID 26 http://planningguidance.planningportal.gov.uk/blog/guidance/design/
Landscape Character Assessment
National Character Area Profile 107, Natural England, 2013 http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/publication/5900626?category=587130
Wiltshire Landscape Character Assessment, Land Use Consultants, 2005 http://www.wiltshire.gov.uk/planninganddevelopment/planningpolicy/landscapeconservation/wiltshirel cafinalreport.htm
North Wiltshire Landscape Character Assessment, WHITE consultants, 2004
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http://www.wiltshire.gov.uk/planninganddevelopment/planningpolicy/planningpolicyevidencebase/evide ncebasenorth.htm#Landscape_Character_Assessment
RH/NPA/10679 NICHOLAS PEARSON ASSOCIATES 10679 LVIA - October 2015 REDCLIFF HOMES LTD PROJECT: LAND BETWEEN BRADFORD ROAD AND FIGURE: 1 DATE: October 2015 PARK LANE, CORSHAM Designations plan PROJECT 10679 RH ISSUE: PLANNING NUMBER: REDCLIFF HOMES LTD PROJECT: LAND BETWEEN BRADFORD ROAD AND FIGURE: 2 DATE: October 2015 PARK LANE, CORSHAM Site Zone of Theoretical Visibility PROJECT 10679 RH ISSUE: PLANNING NUMBER: Site Field
Viewpoint 1: View from Skynet Drive looking east across the site.
Site Field
Viewpoint 2: View from Bradford Road looking east towards the corner of the site.
REDCLIFF HOMES LTD PROJECT: LAND BETWEEN BRADFORD ROAD AND FIGURE: 3a DATE: October 2015 PARK LANE, CORSHAM Viewpoints 1 and 2 PROJECT 10679 RH ISSUE: PLANNING NUMBER: Site Field
Viewpoint 3: View from Bradford Road looking east towards the site and boundary hedge.
Site Field
Viewpoint 4: View from Bradford Road, approaching the site from the north.
REDCLIFF HOMES LTD PROJECT: LAND BETWEEN BRADFORD ROAD AND FIGURE: 3b DATE: October 2015 PARK LANE, CORSHAM Viewpoints 3 and 4 PROJECT 10679 RH ISSUE: PLANNING NUMBER: Site Field
Viewpoint 5: View from Park Lane, approaching the site from the north.
Site Field
Viewpoint 6: View from Park Lane, at the junction with Allen Road, looking north into the site.
REDCLIFF HOMES LTD PROJECT: LAND BETWEEN BRADFORD ROAD AND FIGURE: 3c DATE: October 2015 PARK LANE, CORSHAM Viewpoints 5 and 6 PROJECT 10679 RH ISSUE: PLANNING NUMBER: Site Field
Viewpoint 7: View from footpath along Bath Road, looking south towards the site.
Site Location
Viewpoint 8: View from a public footpath/ Guyers Lane, looking south towards the site.
REDCLIFF HOMES LTD PROJECT: LAND BETWEEN BRADFORD ROAD AND FIGURE: 3d DATE: October 2015 PARK LANE, CORSHAM Viewpoints 7 and 8 PROJECT 10679 RH ISSUE: PLANNING NUMBER: Approximate location of Site
Viewpoint 9: View from footpath along Leafield Road, looking north west towards the site.
Approximate location of Site
Viewpoint 10: View from a public footpath at Chapel Plaister, looking north towards the site.
REDCLIFF HOMES LTD PROJECT: LAND BETWEEN BRADFORD ROAD AND FIGURE: 3e DATE: October 2015 PARK LANE, CORSHAM Viewpoints 9 and 10 PROJECT 10679 RH ISSUE: PLANNING NUMBER: Redcliffe Homes Ltd Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Land between Bradford Road and Park Lane, Corsham
APPENDIX 1: LVIA ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY
The LVIA presented in this report is prepared using a methodology developed by Nicholas Pearson Associates, and which draws upon guidance provided in the Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment and Landscape Institute (IEMA/LI) guidelines, ‘Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment’ (IEMA/LI, 2013).
The assessment process includes desk study and field surveys. The following specific resources and methods have been used:
Digital Data and Mapping – A combination of Ordnance Survey (OS) mapping, are used and tested further during field surveys. Site photographs were taken using a digital SLR camera fitted with a standard lens, which is the equivalent of a 50mm lens camera. Photographs were undertaken in accordance with Landscape Institute Advice Note 01/11 ‘Use of photography and photomontage in landscape and visual assessment’11.
Field Studies – Studies were undertaken from ground level and from publicly accessible areas.
Literature – Desk-based review, including consideration of relevant planning policy relating to the conservation, retention and enhancement of landscape character and visual amenity. Specific reference is made to guidance on landscape character assessment and published landscape character assessments which define the area, including:
o The ‘Landscape Character Assessment Guidance for England and Scotland 2002’2, prepared for the former Countryside Agency (now Natural England) and Scottish Natural Heritage; o ‘National Character Area (NCA) – 107 Cotswold, prepared by Natural England based assessment by the former Countryside Agency; o Wiltshire Landscape Character Assessment 2005; o North Wiltshire Landscape Character Assessment 2004;
1 The Landscape institute (2011); Advice Note 01/11 ‘Use of photography and photomontage in landscape and visual impact assessment’; http://www.landscapeinstitute.org/PDF/Contribute/LIPhotographyAdviceNote01-11.pdf 2 Natural England: http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/publication/2671754?category=31019
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Landscape Policy Context
A thorough review of landscape planning policy relating to the proposed Site is included within the accompanying Planning Statement. Policy and area designations which relate to landscape character or visual amenity and the setting of the Site are described in this Chapter where these may have a bearing on the proposed development and its potential impacts.
Baseline Landscape Character
A description of local landscape character is presented in the first instance through a review of published assessments and at a more detailed local level following field and desk study. Field studies involve: character description, identifying local landscape elements and features which inform the impact assessment process and assist in defining character areas of the Site and its immediate locality. An assessment of the value of these local landscape character areas is made using a variety of factors including any designations, national or local, as well as a consideration of local usage of the landscape, perceptions of it and cultural and historical associations.
Baseline Visual Context
1. A Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) for the proposed development was generated using digital terrain mapping and knowledge of the size and form of the development proposals. The ZTV provides a terrain-based extent of visual envelope from within which views to the Site may potentially be afforded. This is verified through a combination of contour map analysis and fieldwork.
2. Viewpoints are identified from publicly accessible locations within the ZTV that provide a representative impression of the visibility of the Site from the surrounding landscape. All locations have been discussed and agreed in advance with the Local Planning Authority (Wiltshire Council).
3. For each representative viewpoint a photographic image is taken in accordance with guidance contained within the Landscape Institute (LI) Advice Note 01/11. The advice note recognises that:
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‘Two-dimensional photographic images and photomontages alone cannot capture or reflect the complexity underlying the visual experience, and should therefore be considered an approximation of the three-dimensional visual experiences that an observer would receive in the field;
‘As part of a technical process, impact assessment and considered judgments using photographs and/or photomontages can only be reached by way of a visit to the location from which the photographs were taken.’
4. The specific procedures relating to the use of photography that have been followed in this assessment are as follows;
Cameras - All photographs have been taken using a digital SLR camera.
Lenses - A combination of Standard 31mm (equivalent to 50mm lens), the exact focal length of the lens has been recorded in the EXIF data stored with the image.
Reproduction - Where appropriate, all “Standard lens” photographs have been digitally stitched to create panoramic views and reproduced at a height of 14.5cm suitable for an A3 report reproduction. All “Wide angle” photographs have been scaled up to 25.5cmin height and the top and bottom 5.5cm cropped to provide a letterbox image of 14.5cm in height suitable for A3 report reproduction. The finished Viewpoint photographs are then reproduced at 100%. For each photograph, the lens size is documented and whether the image is a single photograph or digital composite.
Viewing Distance - All photographs, whether standard stitched (composite) panoramas or cropped wide angle shots, are scaled accordingly and reproduced to attain a consistent viewing distance of 300mm at A3. This size and viewing distance is to allow for the full width of the image and viewpoint information to be visible on an A3 document. The A3 format was selected to enable documents to be reproduced by third parties whilst retaining quality and consistency. However if a viewing distance of 350mm is preferred, the document can be reproduced on a good quality high resolution plotter at A2 and still retain image detail. For ease of the reader an enlarged photo has in some cases also been included.
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5. For each individual representative view a description is provided of the following:
The view.
Nature of the receptor – a description of who may experience the view.
Duration of the view, whether the view is transient, part of a sequence or temporary or permanent.
Context – of the Site within the view.
Description of the Development
6. A full description of the proposed amendments to the approved scheme is provided within this section. Any of the development proposals that might cause a change to the existing baseline landscape character and visual context are described.
Identification of Potential Impacts
7. Following the description of the development, this section identifies the sensitivity of the landscape character receptors and visual receptors which may be affected by the scheme. This information is used to inform the design process and the mitigation proposed.
Mitigation Measures
8. Details of the key design changes which have been incorporated into the development proposals, where these are intended to avoid, reduce and mitigate adverse impacts or provide opportunities for enhancement, are provided in this section.
Landscape Character Impact Assessment Process
9. The potential effects of the proposals on the baseline landscape character are assessed for their level of effect. The professional judgement of level of effect is derived from a combination of two factors. These are:
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10. The sensitivity of the existing (baseline) landscape resource. This is defined as either high, medium or low and is based on a combination of:
a. How susceptible the local landscape is to this type of proposed change, and b. What value is attached to the local landscape.
11. The susceptibility to change of a landscape receptor relates to its ability to:
“accommodate the proposed development without undue consequences for the maintenance of the baseline situation and/or the achievement of landscape planning policies and strategies.” 3 The sensitivity of the landscape receptor will depend on the nature of the receptor, its value, and its susceptibility to the change, which will in turn depend on the nature of the change.
12. The magnitude of change on the existing (baseline) landscape brought about by the proposals. This is also defined as high, medium, low or negligible and based on a combination of:
a. the size or scale of proposed change, i.e. the loss or addition of new features b. the geographical area over which the change will be felt c. the duration and reversibility of the effects
13. Criteria for assessing the level of effect are set out in the following table:
Table 1.1: Overall Landscape Level of Effect Criteria
Major adverse The proposed amendments to the approved scheme would result in effects that: Are at a considerable variance with the landform, scale and pattern of the landscape; Are likely to degrade, diminish or even destroy the integrity of a range of characteristic features and elements and/or their setting; Will be substantially damaging to a highly valued or highly sensitive landscape, causing it to change and be considerably diminished in value.
3 Landscape Institute/IEMA (2013) Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Third edition.
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Moderate Adverse The proposals: Are out of scale with the landscape or at odds with the local pattern and landform; Are not possible to fully mitigate for, that is, mitigation will not prevent the scheme from damaging the landscape in the longer term as some features of interest will be partly destroyed or their setting reduced or removed; Will have an adverse impact on a landscape of recognised value or sensitivity and important characteristic features or elements. Minor adverse The proposals: Do not quite fit the landform and scale of the landscape; Cannot be completely mitigated for because of the nature of the proposal itself or the character of the landscape; Affect an area of recognised landscape value. Neutral The proposals would: Complement the scale, landform and pattern of the landscape; Incorporate measures to ensure that the scheme will blend in with the surrounding landscape features and landscape elements; Maintain the condition of landscape receptors. Minor beneficial The proposals have the potential to: Fit with the scale, landform and pattern of the landscape; Enable some restoration of characteristic elements, partially lost or diminished through other land uses; Slightly improve the condition of landscape receptors. Moderate beneficial The proposals have the potential to: Fit well with the scale, landform and pattern of the landscape; Enable the restoration of characteristic elements, partially lost or diminished through other land uses; Improve the condition of landscape receptors. Major beneficial The proposals have the potential to: Fit extremely well with the scale, landform and pattern of the landscape; Enable significant restoration of characteristic elements, partially lost or diminished through other land uses; Greatly improve the condition of landscape receptors.
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Visual Impact Assessment Process
14. The potential effects of the proposals on the baseline landscape character are assessed for their level of effect. The professional judgement of level of effect is derived from a combination of two factors. These are:
15. The sensitivity of the existing (baseline) landscape resource. This is defined as either high, medium or low and is based on a combination of:
a. How susceptible the viewer is to this type of proposed change, and b. What value is attached to the view.
16. The magnitude of change is based on a comparison of the visibility of the existing baseline, compared to the visibility of the proposed scheme. This is also defined as high, medium, low or negligible and based on a combination of:
a. the size or scale of change in the view b. the geographical extent of the visual effect (angle of view, proximity, extent of area over which change is visible) c. the duration and reversibility of the visual effects
17. Criteria for assessing the level of effect are set out in the following table:
Table 1.2: Overall Visual Level of Effect Criteria
Major Adverse The proposals would cause a substantial deterioration in the existing view. Moderate Adverse The proposals would cause a noticeable deterioration in the existing view Minor Adverse The proposals would cause a barely perceptible deterioration in the existing view Negligible The proposals would cause no discernible deterioration or improvement to the existing view Minor Beneficial The proposals would cause a barely perceptible improvement in the existing view Moderate Beneficial The proposals would cause a noticeable improvement in the existing view
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Major Beneficial The proposals would cause a substantial improvement in the existing view
Night-time Visual Impact Assessment
18. A brief additional assessment of the potential impact of the proposals in the night-time landscape is provided using two of the representative viewpoints. These viewpoints have been selected to provide a range of different viewing directions towards the plant.
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APPENDIX 2: LANDSCAPE CHARACTER AREA DESCRIPTIONS
Wiltshire Landscape Character Assessment Area 16A Malmesbury-Corsham Limestone Lowlands
Within Wiltshire Landscape Character Assessment (Land Use Consultants, 2005)
Gently undulating lowland farmland over underlying geology of predominantly mudstone and limestone with some pockets of clay; A peaceful and rural landscape with subtle variations in character relating to the varied geology, topography and water courses; Mix of permanent pasture and arable farmland; Strong network of hedgerows with hedgerow trees; Dry stone walls field boundaries in some areas and around settlements; Field pattern predominantly large geometric field typical of eighteenth and nineteenth century enclosure with small scale irregular fields of medieval pattern close to close to settlement; More open areas of higher ground to the west offer panoramic views over the type, elsewhere occasional woodland blocks, copses and frequent hedgerow trees give a greater sense of enclosure, with intermittent views; Settlements in the form of historic market towns, villages and scattered farmsteads distributed throughout the type linked by network of rural roads;
North Wiltshire Landscape Character Assessment Area 10 Corsham Rolling Lowlands
Gently sloping topography with a small steep valley. Traditional core of Corsham. Urban fringe character of areas at periphery with Corsham including mosaic housing, military infrastructure, industrial areas, communication corridors, small fields and woodlands. Rural character in the southern part of the area with traditional rural settlements. Panoramic views out towards north and east in parts. Visual influence of electricity transmission lines.
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