Bacterial Fimbriae

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BACTERIAL FIMBRIAE RAKESH SHARDA Department of Veterinary Microbiology NDVSU College of Veterinary Science & A.H., MHOW Bacterial Fimbriae Conjugation (Sex) Pilus FIMBRIAE ➢ hollow, non-helical, filamentous appendages ➢ shorter, thicker, straighter, and more numerous than flagella. ➢ The fimbriae are attached to the plasma membrane on the surface of Gram-negative bacteria, such as E.coli, Neisseria, Vibrio, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, etc. ➢ composed of a hydrophobic protein called fimbrin or pilin A fimbriated cell of E.coli ➢ Fimbrin is antigenic (K or P or F antigen) ➢ fimbriae grow by addition of pilin monomers at their base. ➢ Pili (or) Fimbriae can be seen only by electron microscope. ➢ The fimbriae function as ‘adhesin’ and thus act as a virulence factor of pathogenic bacteria. ➢ A bacterial species may possess several types of fimbriae. For example, Type I or mannose sensitive (MS) and mannose resistant (MR) fimbriae in E.coli. Adhesive Tip of Bacterial Pili Binding to Host Cell Receptors Bacteria Altering the Adhesive Tips of Their Pili By genetically altering the adhesive tips of their pili, certain bacteria are able to: 1) adhere to and colonize different cell types with different receptors, and 2) evade antibodies made against the previous pili. SEX PILI ➢First described by Crawford and Gesteland in 1964, are fewer in number and larger than Type I fimbriae. ➢The sex pili are encoded by a special plasmid known as F plasmid. ➢The sex pili occur in F+ cells found in the Enterobacteriaceae and a few other bacteria. ➢They adhere to F- cells through a tube (conjugation tube) and make possible the transfer of genetic material from F+ to F- cells during a process known as ‘conjugation’. Electron Micrograph of Escherichia coli with a Conjugation Pilus OTHER BACTERIAL ADHESINS ➢ In Gram-positive bacteria a surface layer made of protein or polysaccharides serve as adhesin, e.g. M protein along with lipoteichoic acid from adhesin in streptococci. ➢ Capsule and glycocalyx SHEATHS, PROSTHECAE AND STALKS ➢ These are extensions of cell wall found in marine ecosystem where bacterial cells are embedded in a chains in a hallow tube..

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