DOCSLIB.ORG

A Review of Studies of Neotropical Araceae a Review of Studies of Neotropical Araceae

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Review of Studies of Neotropical Araceae a Review of Studies of Neotropical Araceae Croat, 2015 A Review of Studies of Neotropical Araceae A Review of Studies of Neotropical Araceae Thomas B. Croat P.A. Schulze Curator of Botany Missouri Botanical Garden P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166 [email protected] ABSTRACT especially section Porphyrochitonium, are The last decade has seen many changes in studied. A Lucid multichotomous key for research with neotropical Araceae. There Anthurium was created by staff at Kew have been a lot of revisionary efforts Gardens and has been used to key out especially with smaller genera but relatively potential new species. The diagnosis of the few changes in the largest and most putative species can then be written to show complex genera. Several key floristic studies differences from species already published. have been completed and several more are It has been continuously upgraded during underway. Increasingly phylogenetic studies the last five years by adding new species and are being carried out among genera of all by making modifications in the key to make sizes. This review will provide a history of it more useful. The Lucid Anthurium key past monographic and floristic efforts and now contains about twice as many species will summarize by suggesting the areas most as were present when initially made in need of further work. available. A recent paper by Croat & Carlsen (2013) REVISIONARY STUDIES realigns the palmately lobed Anthurium The largest genus, Anthurium, remains still species, merging Schott’s section poorly known overall with only three Schizoplacium to section Dactylophyllium and sections, namely Pachyneurium (Croat, 1991), excluding three Mexican species and a single Polyphyllium (Croat, 1978) and Semaeophyllium Colombian species. (Croat & Carlsen, 2004) that have been revised. With the discovery of many new Marcus Nadruz Coelho published a species, especially in the Andes of Western revision of Anthurium section Urospadix South America, the number of named and subsection Flavescentiaviridia (Coelho et al., described (albeit not yet published) species 2009) and Livia Temponi (Temponi, 2006) exceeds 1690 and the upper limit will did a molecular analysis on section certainly exceed 2000 when more sections, Urospadix resulting in considerable Aroideana VOL 38E NO 1, 2015 44 Croat, 2015 A Review of Studies of Neotropical Araceae realignment of the section and the sinking expected to be submitted for publication of section Chamaerepium, a previously sometime in 2015. endemic section to Brazil. Revisionary work is being carried out on Philodendron is perhaps more fully known, Monstera for the Flora of Mesoamerica with subgenus Meconostigma (Mayo, 1991; (Croat, in prep.) and Alejandro Zuluaga, Gonçalves & Salviani, 2002), the subgenus now a Ph.D. student at the University of Pteromischum from Central America, West Wisconsin, Madison, is concentrating on a Indies and Pacific Tropical South America molecular phylogeny of the genus. The very and Central America having been fully useful revision by Madison (Madison, 1977) revised (Grayum, 1992; 1996). Some is now somewhat out of date, especially published work also has occurred in the with many new species in Central America Guianas (Croat & Grayum, 1994). In (Grayum, 1997). addition Philodendron subgenus Philodendron section Macrobelium of Brazil has been The genus Spathiphyllum with an estimated revised (Sakuragui, 1998; Sakuragui & D. C. 63 species was last revised by Bunting Zappi, 2005). A Lucid multichotomous key (Bunting, 1960) where 36 species were for Philodendron prepared by Marcela Mora covered. Spathiphyllum is now being studied contains most of the species with the by Felipe Cardona at the Universidad de exception of some new species from Brazil. Antioquia (Cardona, 2000; 2001; 2004). In The inital key with 465 species resides on Central America there are about 25 species the CATE website and Thomas Croat and of Spathiphyllum. his staff of volunteers are continuing to populate it with new species. It now Stenospermation, with an estimated 250 contains 529 species for an increase of 12% mostly undescribed species is one of the during the past 6 years. most poorly know of all aroid genera. No complete revision has been made since that The genus Dracontium with 23 species has of Engler in Das Pflanzenreich (Engler, been revised (Zhu & Croat, 2004) and a 1908) which covered only 20 species. A Lucid key for Dracontium is being prepared revision of Stenospermation for Central by Croat. The Chlorospatha with 68 species America (A. P. Gómez, 1983) comprised (Croat & L. P. Hannon, 2015; in press) have only 9 species but since that time many now been revised and a Lucid key is species have been found, especially in contemplated as well. Panama and Costa Rica with as many as 30 species now reported (Croat, in prep.). Adelonema with 16 species has recently Numbers of new species are even larger in been revised (Croat et al., in prep) and is South America. A recent survey of Stenospermation in Carchi Province in Aroideana VOL 38E NO 1, 2015 45 Croat, 2015 A Review of Studies of Neotropical Araceae Ecuador yielded 26 new species. Natalia The study compared subtribe Spathicarpeae Castaño Rubiano from Colombia is working with the related subtribe Bognerineae and on a revision of Colombian species of subtribe Dieffenbachineae. Stenospermation (Castaño Rubiano, 2013) and is also working on the creation of a Lucid Rhodospatha with about 79 species has been key for the genus. at least partially revised and a Lucid key to the genus is anticipated. Dieffenbachia with an estimated 140 species has been revised for Central America (Croat, 2004) with 26 species represented FLORISTIC STUDIES but most of the species in South America Much of the neotropics is undergoing a are still poorly known. An unpublished key floristic review of the Araceae. In Central to South America with 104 species has been America completed floristic studies have prepared (Croat, in prep.) and a Lucid key been made for Costa Rica (Grayum, 1982; to Dieffenbachia is being planned. Grayum et al. 1983; 2003, 2003a), Guatemala (Croat & Vannini, in prep.) and Xanthosoma with an estimated 90 species Nicaragua (Croat & Stiebel, 2001), Veracruz remains poorly known, certainly one of the (Croat & Acebey, 2015). The Flora of most poorly known genera in the Mesoamerica treatment of the Araceae is neotropics. Central America has about 13 expected to be completed by 2016. species but there are many new species in Although the largest genera Anthurium the western Andes (Croat et al., in prep.) (Croat, 1983; 1986) and Philodendron (Croat, and even in the Guianas (Croat et al., in 1997) and well as several smaller genera, press). Eduardo Gonçalves is working on Chlorospatha (Croat & L. P. Hannon; in Xanthosoma and has described 10 new press), Dieffenbachia (Croat, 2004), species (Gonçalves, 1999; 2000; 2011). Dracontium (Zhu & Croat, 2004) have been completed for Central America this Flora of Most of the smaller neotropical genera are Mesoamerica treatment will result in the by now relatively well known, especially the first revision of most of the smaller genera. recently revised Spathicarpeae inhabiting Floristic studies in South America are a eastern South America and the western more daunting task owing to its much Andes (Gonçalves, 2002a). That revision greater complexity. The Andean countries covered initially 8 genera in subtribe have been partly reviewed with modern Spathicarpeae, namely Incarum, Asterostigma, Araceae Checklists having been created for Spathicarpa, Synandrospadix, Mangonia Peru (Croat, 1993), Ecuador (Croat, 1999) Gorgonidium, Spathantheum and Gearum. Later and Bolivia (Kessler & Croat, 1999; Croat & the new genera Croatiella (Gonçalves, 2005) Acebey, 2015). Colombia, clearly the largest and Lorenzia (Gonçalves, 2012). were added. floristic region in all of South America does not have a published flora but an effort is Aroideana VOL 38E NO 1, 2015 46 Croat, 2015 A Review of Studies of Neotropical Araceae underway by a group of Colombian aroiders close relationship between the Spathicarpeae to produce such a checklist. Venezuela is to both Bognera and Dieffenbachia.. reasonably well known floristically owing to work by Bunting (1979) as well as a later Alejandro Zuluaga is carrying out study by Croat & Lambert (1986). The molecular studies with Monstera and these Guianas are now reasonably well known studies will be published as a part of his floristically after a National Geographic Ph.D. thesis. Molecular studies carried out Sponsored expedition of four months made by Peter Boyce and Sin Yeng Wong to the region. The flora of the Guianas principally on Old World Homalomena have comprises about 160 species and treatment shown the American element, namely is expected to be completed in four years. Homalomena section Curmeria Linden & Brazilian aroiders are also generating a André to be distinct from Asian species so Checklist of the Araceae and the current that group will adopt the generic name, total is 477 species; Argentina has only17 Adelonema (Wong & Croat, in press). species (Crisci, 1971). Paraguay, the only Adelonema has 12 species and ranges from other country with a significant aroid flora Costa Rica to most of northern South has a completed flora with 9 genera and 16 America as well as the Amazon basin. As species of Araceae (Croat & Mount, 1988). yet unpublished molecular studies with 8 species by Merrow & Croat showed Floristic studies are more all encompassing Adelonema to cluster in three well-supported with published or in press floristic studies clades. Two molecular studies (Gauthier et having been carried out in Paraguay and al., 2008; Tam et al., 2004) found Adelonema checklist treatments of Ecuador, Peru and to fall within Philodendron but this conflicts Bolivia have been completed in the past ten with studies by Wong & Croat ( in press) years. Floristic accounts of Venezuela have that show it to be distinct from Philodendron, been completed and a checklist for the though most closely related to Philodendron Flora of Colombia and for is nearing subgenus Pteromischum and completely completion.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Baggage Inspection Required for Travelers Going from Puerto Rico to the U.S
    Baggage Inspection Required for Travelers Going From Puerto Rico to the U.S. Mainland USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Puerto Rico to the U.S. mainland at the airport prior to (APHIS) prohibits or restricts the movement of many your departure. Please be prepared to open and close agricultural products from Puerto Rico to the U.S. your own bags. If you have any fresh fruits or vegetables, mainland. These products include pork and pork products, plants, flowers, souvenirs made from plants or wood, most fresh fruits and vegetables, and certain types of or other agricultural products with you, please tell the plants and flowers. That’s because these items could inspector. Failure to declare these items can result in harbor a dangerous stowaway—an invasive pest or delays and possible issuance of civil penalties ranging disease. Just one piece of fruit or a single plant that is from $100 to $1,000 per violation. In addition, if you wish carrying an invasive pest or disease could cause millions to ship or mail agricultural items that are allowed into the of dollars in damage, expensive eradication efforts, and U.S. mainland, they must be inspected and/or certified by lost trade revenue. APHIS before you take them to an airline cargo office, the post office, or other courier service. To prevent the spread of invasive pests and diseases, APHIS inspects all passenger bags moving from Agricultural Items From Puerto Rico Allowed into the U.S. Mainland After Inspection n Allium spp. (includes lima, string)—have n Chamomile, Anthemis n Dandelion greens onion, garlic, and geographic restrictions.
    [Show full text]
  • Eating Puerto Rico: a History of Food, Culture, and Identity
    Diálogo Volume 18 Number 1 Article 23 2015 Eating Puerto Rico: A History of Food, Culture, and Identity Rafael Chabrán Whittier College Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/dialogo Part of the Latin American Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Chabrán, Rafael (2015) "Eating Puerto Rico: A History of Food, Culture, and Identity," Diálogo: Vol. 18 : No. 1 , Article 23. Available at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/dialogo/vol18/iss1/23 This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Latino Research at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in Diálogo by an authorized editor of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Eating Puerto Rico: A History of Food, Culture, and Identity By Cruz Miguel Ortíz Cuadra. Tr. Russ Davidson. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2013. 408 pp. isbn 978-1469608822 he original edition, Puerto Rico en su olla, ¿somos on the Caribbean, especially in terms of the definition of Taún lo que comimos?, published by Cruz Miguel “cuisine.” From Montanari (2003), he takes the notion that Ortíz Cuadra in 2006, publisher Doce Calles, in Aranjuez, food (and cuisine) is an extraordinary vehicle for self-rep- Madrid, was a rich tour de force by a food historian and resentation, community, and identity.5 To this recipe, he Professor of Humanities in the Department of Human- adds Fischler (1995) and Mintz’s definitions of cuisine ities at the University of Puerto Rico, Humacao. He is as: the familiarity with specific foodstuffs, techniques for an authority on the history of food, food habits and diet cooking as the culinary rules of a given community, and of Puerto Rico.1 Now an excellent English translation is the application of those rules in cooking.6 available, from the UNC series “Latin America in Transla- Ortíz Cuadra also concentrates on other central tion.” The book includes a Foreword by Ángel G.
    [Show full text]
  • Allergy to Spathiphyllum Wallisii, an Indoor Allergen
    Practitioner's Corner 453 MW 1 2 3 Allergy to Spathiphyllum wallisii, an Indoor Allergen 75 Herrera-Lasso Regás V1, Dalmau Duch G1, Gázquez García V1, Pineda De La Losa F2, Castillo Fernández M2, Garnica 50 Velandia D1, Gaig Jané P1 1Allergy Department, University Hospital Joan XXIII, Tarragona, 37 Spain; Pere Virgili Health Research Institute (IISPV) 2 Diater Laboratory, Madrid, Spain 25 J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2019; Vol. 29(6): 453-454 doi: 10.18176/jiaci.0419 20 Key words: Spathiphyllum wallisii. Respiratory allergy. Indoor allergen. Rhinitis. Asthma. 15 Palabras clave: Spathiphyllum wallisii. Alergia respiratoria. Alérgeno de interior. Rinitis. Asma. 10 Spathiphyllum wallisii is an indoor ornamental house plant Figure. Immunoblot. Lane 1, extract of flower spikes; Lane 2, extract of belonging to the Araceae family, which comprises 36 known leaves; Lane 3, extract of stem. Several protein bands ranging between species of Spathiphyllum found in tropical areas [1-3]. These 11 and 14 kDa can be seen, with a 13-kDa band in the allergenic plants may contain alkaloids, calcium oxalate crystals, extract of leaves, which is of greater intensity. MW indicates molecular and proteolytic enzymes [3]. Cases of contact dermatitis weight (in kDa). and occupational allergy (eg, rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, and urticaria) have been reported in persons exposed to The prick-by-prick test with the flower was positive, with a S wallisii [1,3-5]. Allergy to houseplants is rare [2-5]. We wheal diameter of 3 mm after the first 15 minutes. This doubled report a case of hypersensitivity to S wallisii. in size, with an erythema diameter of 20 mm after 45 minutes, The patient was a 34-year-old white woman with allergy in both atopic and nonatopic negative controls.
    [Show full text]
  • Araceae) from South America and Notes on the Tribe Caladieae
    Willdenowia 35 – 2005 333 JOSEF BOGNER & EDUARDO G. GONÇALVES Two new species of Xanthosoma (Araceae) from South America and notes on the tribe Caladieae Abstract Bogner, J. & Gonçalves, E. G.: Two new species of Xanthosoma (Araceae) from South America and notes on the tribe Caladieae. – Willdenowia 35: 333-344. – ISSN 0511-9618; © 2005 BGBM Berlin- Dahlem. doi:10.3372/wi.35.35216 (available via http://dx.doi.org/) Two new species of Xanthosoma sect. Acontias, X. mariae and X. latestigmatum, are described and il- lustrated. They have pilose, pedate leaf blades as have in Xanthosoma only X. plowmanii and X. pottii, and their pollen grains are released as monads, unlike in all other Xanthosoma species, which, as far as studied, release the pollen in tetrads. X. mariae is an evergreen plant mainly distinguished by its dark green velvety lustrous leaf blades with numerous leaflets and tuber-like swellings at the junction of petiole and blade; the gynoecium is of the Acontias type and the ovary is pilose in the lower part. X. latestigmatum is seasonally dormant and has medium green leaf blades with numerous leaflets and no tuber-like swellings; the gynoecium is of the Caladium type (with a very broad stigma) and completely glabrous. The relationship of the genera Caladium and Xanthosoma is discussed, C. paradoxum is transferred to Xanthosoma and the new combination X. paradoxum validated, and a key to the genera of the tribe Caladieae given. Introduction Two new species of Xanthosoma Schott cultivated in recent years in the Botanischer Garten München are described here. X. mariae has been collected only once in Peru by Mary Sizemore.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on the Flowers and Stems of Two Cocoyam Varieties
    s Chemis ct try u d & o r R P e s Ogukwe et al., Nat Prod Chem Res 2017, 5:3 l e a r a r u t c h a DOI: 10.4172/2329-6836.1000263 N Natural Products Chemistry & Research ISSN: 2329-6836 Research Article Open Access Studies on the Flowers and Stems of Two Cocoyam Varieties: Xanthosoma sagittifolium and Colocasia esculenta Ogukwe CE*, Amaechi PC and Enenebeaku CK Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, PMB 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria Abstract Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical composition of the flowers and stem sap ofXanthosoma sagittifolium and Colocasia esculenta were evaluated using standard methods. The result showed that the flowers contain saponins (6.61% and 5.50% respectively for the two species). Alkaloids of 6.22 and 9.80% respectively were also obtained from the result. Other Phytoconstituents like flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, steroids, and tannins were also evaluated. The proximate analysis revealed that the flowers contain high protein content (37.87% and 22.56% respectively), high moisture content and crude fat. Colocasia esculenta showed high percentage of total carbohydrate. The flowers of the two species of Cocoyam can therefore serve as spices and source of protein in local meals. Keywords: Flowers; Xanthosoma esculenta; Colocasia esculenta; used in preparing local soups and dishes. This was used to improve Nutrients; Spices the quality and the nutritional value of the meal thereby making it palatable. Thus, this dried flower of cocoyam was used in place of Introduction modern day synthetic spices or seasoning. This research work has Cocoyam is a common name for more than one tropical root and therefore been designed to evaluate the probable nutrients of the vegetable crop belonging to the Arum family (Aroids).
    [Show full text]
  • Ornamental Garden Plants of the Guianas, Part 3
    ; Fig. 170. Solandra longiflora (Solanaceae). 7. Solanum Linnaeus Annual or perennial, armed or unarmed herbs, shrubs, vines or trees. Leaves alternate, simple or compound, sessile or petiolate. Inflorescence an axillary, extra-axillary or terminal raceme, cyme, corymb or panicle. Flowers regular, or sometimes irregular; calyx (4-) 5 (-10)- toothed; corolla rotate, 5 (-6)-lobed. Stamens 5, exserted; anthers united over the style, dehiscing by 2 apical pores. Fruit a 2-celled berry; seeds numerous, reniform. Key to Species 1. Trees or shrubs; stems armed with spines; leaves simple or lobed, not pinnately compound; inflorescence a raceme 1. S. macranthum 1. Vines; stems unarmed; leaves pinnately compound; inflorescence a panicle 2. S. seaforthianum 1. Solanum macranthum Dunal, Solanorum Generumque Affinium Synopsis 43 (1816). AARDAPPELBOOM (Surinam); POTATO TREE. Shrub or tree to 9 m; stems and leaves spiny, pubescent. Leaves simple, toothed or up to 10-lobed, to 40 cm. Inflorescence a 7- to 12-flowered raceme. Corolla 5- or 6-lobed, bluish-purple, to 6.3 cm wide. Range: Brazil. Grown as an ornamental in Surinam (Ostendorf, 1962). 2. Solanum seaforthianum Andrews, Botanists Repository 8(104): t.504 (1808). POTATO CREEPER. Vine to 6 m, with petiole-tendrils; stems and leaves unarmed, glabrous. Leaves pinnately compound with 3-9 leaflets, to 20 cm. Inflorescence a many- flowered panicle. Corolla 5-lobed, blue, purple or pinkish, to 5 cm wide. Range:South America. Grown as an ornamental in Surinam (Ostendorf, 1962). Sterculiaceae Monoecious, dioecious or polygamous trees and shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple to palmately compound, petiolate. Inflorescence an axillary panicle, raceme, cyme or thyrse.
    [Show full text]
  • JUDD W.S. Et. Al. (1999) Plant Systematics
    CHAPTER8 Phylogenetic Relationships of Angiosperms he angiosperms (or flowering plants) are the dominant group of land Tplants. The monophyly of this group is strongly supported, as dis- cussed in the previous chapter, and these plants are possibly sister (among extant seed plants) to the gnetopsids (Chase et al. 1993; Crane 1985; Donoghue and Doyle 1989; Doyle 1996; Doyle et al. 1994). The angio- sperms have a long fossil record, going back to the upper Jurassic and increasing in abundance as one moves through the Cretaceous (Beck 1973; Sun et al. 1998). The group probably originated during the Jurassic, more than 140 million years ago. Cladistic analyses based on morphology, rRNA, rbcL, and atpB sequences do not support the traditional division of angiosperms into monocots (plants with a single cotyledon, radicle aborting early in growth with the root system adventitious, stems with scattered vascular bundles and usually lacking secondary growth, leaves with parallel venation, flow- ers 3-merous, and pollen grains usually monosulcate) and dicots (plants with two cotyledons, radicle not aborting and giving rise to mature root system, stems with vascular bundles in a ring and often showing sec- ondary growth, leaves with a network of veins forming a pinnate to palmate pattern, flowers 4- or 5-merous, and pollen grains predominantly tricolpate or modifications thereof) (Chase et al. 1993; Doyle 1996; Doyle et al. 1994; Donoghue and Doyle 1989). In all published cladistic analyses the “dicots” form a paraphyletic complex, and features such as two cotyle- dons, a persistent radicle, stems with vascular bundles in a ring, secondary growth, and leaves with net venation are plesiomorphic within angio- sperms; that is, these features evolved earlier in the phylogenetic history of tracheophytes.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genus Amorphophallus
    The Genus Amorphophallus (Titan Arums) Origin, Habit and General Information The genus Amorphophallus is well known for the famous Amorphophallus titanum , commonly known as "Titan Arum". The Titan Arum holds the plant world record for an unbranched single inflorescence. The infloresence eventually may reach up to three meters and more in height. Besides this oustanding species more than 200 Amorphophallus species have been described - and each year some more new findings are published. A more or less complete list of all validly described Amorphophallus species and many photos are available from the website of the International Aroid Society (http://www.aroid.org) . If you are interested in this fascinating genus, think about becoming a member of the International Aroid Society! The International Aroid Society is the worldwide leading society in aroids and offers a membership at a very low price and with many benefits! A different website for those interested in Amorphophallus hybrids is: www.amorphophallus-network.org This page features some awe-inspiring new hybrids, e.g. Amorphophallus 'John Tan' - an unique and first time ever cross between Amorphophallus variabilis X Amorphophallus titanum ! The majority of Amorphophallus species is native to subtropical and tropical lowlands of forest margins and open, disturbed spots in woods throughout Asia. Few species are found in Africa (e.g. Amorphophallus abyssinicus , from West to East Africa), Australia (represented by a single species only, namely Amorphophallus galbra , occuring in Queensland, North Australia and Papua New Guinea), and Polynesia respectively. Few species, such as Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Madagascar to Polynesia), serve as a food source throughout the Asian region.
    [Show full text]
  • Disentangling the Phenotypic Variation and Pollination Biology of the Cyclocephala Sexpunctata Species Complex (Coleoptera:Scara
    DISENTANGLING THE PHENOTYPIC VARIATION AND POLLINATION BIOLOGY OF THE CYCLOCEPHALA SEXPUNCTATA SPECIES COMPLEX (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: DYNASTINAE) A Thesis by Matthew Robert Moore Bachelor of Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2009 Submitted to the Department of Biological Sciences and the faculty of the Graduate School of Wichita State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science July 2011 © Copyright 2011 by Matthew Robert Moore All Rights Reserved DISENTANGLING THE PHENOTYPIC VARIATION AND POLLINATION BIOLOGY OF THE CYCLOCEPHALA SEXPUNCTATA SPECIES COMPLEX (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: DYNASTINAE) The following faculty members have examined the final copy of this thesis for form and content, and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science with a major in Biological Sciences. ________________________ Mary Jameson, Committee Chair ________________________ Bin Shuai, Committee Member ________________________ Gregory Houseman, Committee Member ________________________ Peer Moore-Jansen, Committee Member iii DEDICATION To my parents and my dearest friends iv "The most beautiful thing we can experience is the mysterious. It is the source of all true art and all science. He to whom this emotion is a stranger, who can no longer pause to wonder and stand rapt in awe, is as good as dead: his eyes are closed." – Albert Einstein v ACKNOWLEDMENTS I would like to thank my academic advisor, Mary Jameson, whose years of guidance, patience and enthusiasm have so positively influenced my development as a scientist and person. I would like to thank Brett Ratcliffe and Matt Paulsen of the University of Nebraska State Museum for their generous help with this project.
    [Show full text]
  • Engl. Y Spathiphyllum Ortgiesii Regel (ARACEAE) EN LA REGIÓN DE LOS TUXTLAS, VERACRUZ, MÉXICO
    UNIVERSIDAD VERACRUZANA CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES TROPICALES BIOLOGÍA FLORAL Y REPRODUCTIVA DE Spathiphyllum cochlearispathum (Liebm.) Engl. Y Spathiphyllum ortgiesii Regel (ARACEAE) EN LA REGIÓN DE LOS TUXTLAS, VERACRUZ, MÉXICO TESIS QUE PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE MAESTRO EN ECOLOGÍA TROPICAL PRESENTA PEDRO DÍAZ JIMÉNEZ Comité tutorial: Dr. Thorsten Krömer Dra. María Cristina Mac Swiney González Dr. Heiko Hentrich XALAPA, VERACRUZ MAYO 2016 DERECHOS DE AUTOR “Biología floral y reproductiva de Spathiphyllum cochlearispathum (Liebm.) Engl. y Spathiphyllum ortgiesii Regel (Araceae) en la región de Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, México” es de mi autoría, no así los trabajos aquí citados. Esta tesis no ha sido utilizada anteriormente para obtener otros grados académicos. Ecól. Pedro Díaz Jiménez Dr. Thorsten Krömer Candidato Director de Tesis ®2016 Pedro Díaz Jiménez DERECHOS RESERVADOS ii ACTA DE APROBACIÓN DE TESIS El siguiente documento “Biología floral y reproductiva de Spathiphyllum cochlearispathum (Liebm.) Engl. y Spathiphyllum ortgiesii Regel (Araceae) en la región de Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, México” realizado por Pedro Díaz Jiménez, ha sido aprobado y aceptado como requisito parcial para obtener el grado de Maestro en Ecología Tropical. Comité tutorial Dr. Thorsten Krömer __________________________ Dra. María Cristina Mac Swiney González __________________________ Dr. Heiko Hentrich __________________________ Sinodales Dra. Jaqueline Campos Jiménez __________________________ Dr. Gustavo Carmona Díaz __________________________ Dr. Juan Carlos López Acosta __________________________ iii AGRADECIMIENTOS Agradezco a mis tutores: Dr. Thorsten Krömer, Dra. María Cristina Mac Swiney González y Dr. Heiko Hentrich por las sugerencias y constante apoyo durante la realización del presente estudio. Particularmente al Dr. Hentrich por su paciencia, comentarios y acertadas sugerencias para finalizar satisfactoriamente este trabajo. Así como por toda su ayuda en las diferentes etapas de este trabajo.
    [Show full text]
  • History and Current Status of Systematic Research with Araceae
    HISTORY AND CURRENT STATUS OF SYSTEMATIC RESEARCH WITH ARACEAE Thomas B. Croat Missouri Botanical Garden P. O. Box 299 St. Louis, MO 63166 U.S.A. Note: This paper, originally published in Aroideana Vol. 21, pp. 26–145 in 1998, is periodically updated onto the IAS web page with current additions. Any mistakes, proposed changes, or new publications that deal with the systematics of Araceae should be brought to my attention. Mail to me at the address listed above, or e-mail me at [email protected]. Last revised November 2004 INTRODUCTION The history of systematic work with Araceae has been previously covered by Nicolson (1987b), and was the subject of a chapter in the Genera of Araceae by Mayo, Bogner & Boyce (1997) and in Curtis's Botanical Magazine new series (Mayo et al., 1995). In addition to covering many of the principal players in the field of aroid research, Nicolson's paper dealt with the evolution of family concepts and gave a comparison of the then current modern systems of classification. The papers by Mayo, Bogner and Boyce were more comprehensive in scope than that of Nicolson, but still did not cover in great detail many of the participants in Araceae research. In contrast, this paper will cover all systematic and floristic work that deals with Araceae, which is known to me. It will not, in general, deal with agronomic papers on Araceae such as the rich literature on taro and its cultivation, nor will it deal with smaller papers of a technical nature or those dealing with pollination biology.
    [Show full text]
  • Anthurium/Spathiphyllum
    Assessment chart: Anthurium/Spathiphyllum Assessment criteria for Anthurium/Spathiphyllum Assessment criteria Receiving 3 Height inspection 3 Pot size 3 Grade 3 Damage General 3 Animal parasites 3 Disease 3 Ornamental value leaf Continued growth Roots Flowering 3 Flowers Percentage colour 3 End of flowering Bud/flower withering and/or bud/flower shed Flowering percentage Leaf 3 Leaf yellowing 3 Leaf spots/points Leaf withering Leaf shed 3 Wilted leaf 3 Cold damage Berry Berry shed Berry withering Berry discolouration Specific Grade Register: thickness according to ‘VBN purchase specifications plants’. End of flowering Description: bracts discolour (no natural discoloration) and/or loose gloss. Spikes discolour to brown. Register: the number of flowers left off. Discard: if there are no good bracts and/or viable flower buds anymore. A flower is discarded when the bract has discoloured for more than 25%, or as soon as the spike is brown for more than 50% and also the bract is partly discoloured, or the spike is brown as well as discoloured for more than 50%, or the spike has fallen off. Brown spikes are not sufficient reason to discard. Natural discolouration of the bract is no reason to discard. Deviating bract Description: bracts that have less than 25% of the size of the main bracts and/or the bract is deformed. Register: the number of deviating bracts. Brown spike Description: if the spike is brown for 50% or more. Register: the number of brown spikes from good bracts. Anthurium/Spathiphyllum 06/04/HvR Deformed spike Description: if the spike has a deviating shape. Register: the number of brown spikes from good bracts.
    [Show full text]