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Checklist of Sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) from Iran

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J Insect Biodivers Syst 03(3): 165–227 ISSN: 2423-8112 JOURNAL OF INSECT BIODIVERSITY AND SYSTEMATICS Review Article http://jibs.modares.ac.ir http://zoobank.org/References/757326C3-56BE-4CA8-9682-C8E413E5E102 Checklist of sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) from Iran Mohammad Khayrandish1*, Ali Asghar Talebi2 and Stephan M. Blank3 1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran. 2 Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. 3 Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany. ABSTRACT. An updated list of the sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) from Iran is provided. The list inculdes 178 species of sawflies belonging to 60 genera and 9 families. Family Tenthredinidae is the most species-rich group Received: (131 species) followed by Argidae (18 species), Cephidae (9 species), 03 April, 2017 Megalodontesidae (7 species), Cimbicidae (4 species), Pamphiliidae (3 species), Orussidae, Siricidae and Xiphydriidae (each with 2 species). Also genus Accepted: 18 June, 2017 Tenthredo is the most species-rich genus with 23 species followed by Macrophya (Tenthredinidae) with 17 species and Arge (Argidae) with 12 species. General Published: distribution, synonyms and hosts associated with larvae for all recorded 21 August, 2017 species are provided. Subject Editor: Samira Farahani Key words: Hymenoptera, Symphyta, checklist, distribution, Iran Citation: Khayandish, M., Talebi, A.A. and Blank, S.M. (2017) Checklist of sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) from Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics, 3 (3): 165–227. Introduction damage to agricultural crops, ornamental plants, and forests. In fact sawflies are a Sawfly is the common name for insects large group of herbivorous insects except belong to “Symphyta” (Insecta: Orussidae. Most especialists on the Hymenoptera), comprising 14 families. taxonomy of Symphyta belive that the Sawflies are recognizable from the other nearest taxon to the Apocrita is the hymenopterans by broad connection Orussidae, the only symphytan group between the abdomen and the thorax, a which is parasitic (Smith, 1988; Viitasaari, pair of metanotal protuberances (except the 2002). The sawflies larvae live often on or Cephidae), the cenchri, and by their sometimes in various plants, and some of caterpillar-like larvae (Quinlan & Gauld them are attracted to one specific group of 1981, Smith 1988). The common name plants. Mostly they are feeding freely on comes from the saw-like of the ovipositor, the surface of leaves but some species make which the females use to lay their eggs into mines in the leaves or twigs of different the plants. Females of Siricidae (with plants (Viitasaari, 2002). common name of horntails) have long slender ovipositors for depositing eggs in Some species of sawflies are potential wood. Large populations of some sawfly economic pests (Quinlan & Gauld, 1981). species can cause considerable economic For example, Hoplocampa flava (Linnaeus, Corresponding author: Mohammad Khayrandish, E-mail: [email protected] Copyright © 2017, Khayrandish et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 166 Checklist of sawflies from Iran 1760) and H. minuta (Christ, 1791) are the Names of the valid genera and species are important pests of plums and prunes. listed alphabetically within the families. Amount of damage by H. flava on plums is Valid taxa names, published records within about 40% around the Karaj city (Davoudi, provincial distribution (Fig. 1), general 1995). Arge ochropus (Gmelin, 1790) has distribution and host records are provided. regarded as an important pest on Rosa spp. Results in northern Iran (Farahbakhsh 1961, Abai 2009, Sahragard & Heydari, 2001). Amount I- Family Argidae of damage by Cephus pygmeus (Linnaeus, 1- Aprosthema melanurum (Klug, 1814) 1767) on wheat is determined to be 25% in Synonyms: Hylotoma melanura Klug, 1814: Varamin region (Ghadiri, 1993). 303–304; Schizocera cylindricornis Thomson, About 1350 sawfly species from 1871: 44–45; Schizocera alfkeni Konow, 1895: Tenthredinidae (almost 116 from 72–73; Schizocera friesei Konow, 1895: 73– Allantinae; 77 from Blennocampinae; 62 74. from Heterarthrinae; 618 from Nematinae; Distribution in Iran: Iran without locality 126 from Selandriinae and 345 from details (Benson, 1968). Tenthredininae) and nearly 440 species General distribution: Palaearctic (Taeger from other families of sawflies are et al., 2010); Austria, Belgium, China, distributed in the West Palaearctic (Taeger Croatia, CzechRepublic, Denmark, Estonia, et al., 2010). According to literature, (Abai, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, 2009; Abai & Moghadam, 1993; Beneš, 1981; Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Beneš & Abai, 1991; Benson, 1968; Chevin, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, 1985; Ebrahimi, 1995; Farahbakhsh, 1961; Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerl Gussakovskij, 1935; Khayrandish et al., in and Ukraine (Taeger & Blank, 2011). press, 2015; Koch, 1988; Lacourt, 1999; Host plants: Larvae feed on Lathyrus Mallach, 1931; Modarres Awal, 1997; pratensis Linnaeus, L. tuberosus Linnaeus Shahmohammadi et al., 2008; Shinohara, (Fabaceae) and Vicia cracca Linnaeus 1997; Taeger, 2002; Taeger & Blank, 2011; (Fabaceae) (Taeger et al., 1998). Wei, 2008; Zirngiebl, 1956) 178 sawfly Remarks: Benson (1968) listed Iran under species have been recorded from Iran. the general distribution of A. melanurum Major faunistic works were contributed by but he did not present detailed collection Mallach (1931), Zirngiebl (1956), Benson data for this country. So occurrence of this (1968), Chevin (1985) and Khayrandish et al. (2015, in press). Tenthredinidae and species in Iran need to be re-confirmed. Argidae comprise about 73.5% and 10% of 2- Aprosthema tardum (Klug, 1814) the known Iranian sawflies, respectively. Synonyms: Hylotoma tarda Klug, 1814: 304; By reviewing the published data, this Aprosthema carpentieri Konow, 1902b: 386–387. work provides a first list of all the sawflies Distribition in Iran: Iran without locality (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) from Iran. This details (Benson, 1968). study will be a valuable tool for future General distribution: West Palaearctic studies on biodiversity, ecology and (Taeger et al., 2010); Austria, Croatia, integrated pest management. Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Material and methods Lithuania, Macedonia, Romania, Russia, The published data on the sawflies Ukraine and Yugoslavia (Taeger & Blank, (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) are summarized. 2011). Khayrandish et al. 167 Figure 1. Geographic map of provinces in Iran. Host plants: Larvae feed on Lathyrus spp. Gilan (Khayrandish et al., in press) (Fabaceae) (Taeger et al., 1998). provinces. Remarks: Benson (1968) listed Iran under General distribution: Palaearctic (Taeger the general distribution of A. tardum but he et al., 2010); Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, did not present detailed collection data for Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, this country. So occurrence of this species Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Japan, in Iran need to be re-confirmed. Latvia, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, 3- Arge berberidis Schrank, 1802 Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Synonyms: Tenthredo xanthopyga Vallot, Switzerland and Ukraine (Taeger & Blank, 1836: 212–213. 2011; Liston, 1995). Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Chevin, Host plants: Larvae are oligophagous 1985; Khayrandish et al., in press) and feeding on Berberis sieboldi Miquel, B. 168 Checklist of sawflies from Iran thunbergi De Candolle, B. vulgaris Linnaeus Tenthredo coeruleipennis Retzius, 1783: 72; and Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Hylotoma atrata Klug, 1814: 286–287; (Berberidaceae) (Taeger et al., 1998). Hylotoma amethystina Klug, 1814: 31; 4- Arge cingulata (Jakowlew, 1891) Hylotoma vulgaris Klug, 1834: 230. Distribution in Iran: Alborz, Gilan Distribution in Iran: Iran without locality (Khayrandish et al., in press) and details (Farahbakhsh, 1961); Northern of Mazandaran (Benson, 1968; Muche, 1977; Iran (Dadurian, 1962; Behdad, 1988). Khayrandish et al., in press) provinces. General distribution: Palaearctic (Taeger General distribution: East Palaearctic et al., 2010); Andorra, Austria, Belgium, (Taeger et al., 2010), Iran, Tajikistan, Turkestan Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, and Uzbekistan (Ushinskij, 1936; Benson, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, 1968). Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Host plants: Unknown. Italy, Japan, Latvia, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, 5- Arge cyanocrocea (Forster, 1771) Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Synonyms: Tenthredo cyanocrocea Forster, 1771: 78; Tenthredo coerulescens Fabricius, Switzerland, Ukraine and Yugoslavia 1775: 321; Tenthredo bicolor Schrank, 1776: (Taeger & Blank, 2011). 84; Hylotoma syriaca Mocsáry, 1880: 267; Host plants: Larvae are oligophagous Hylotoma cyanocrocea var. messanensis De- feeding on Salix alba Linnaeus, S. fragilis Stefani, 1885: 185; Hylotoma syriaca var. Linnaeus, S. purpurea Linnaeus, S. babylonia damascena Magretti, 1890: 525; Arge Linnaeus (Salicaceae) (Taeger et al., 1998). cyanocrocea forma afasciata Ermolenko, 7- Arge impressifrons Konow, 1898 1975: 43. Distribution in Iran: Northern
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  • Sawflies (Hym.: Symphyta) of Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum with Four

    Sawflies (Hym.: Symphyta) of Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum with Four

    Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 2018, 37(4), 381404 ﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺣﺸﺮهﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ اﯾﺮان -404 381 ,(4)37 ,1396 Doi: 10.22117/jesi.2018.115354 Sawflies (Hym.: Symphyta) of Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum with four new records for the fauna of Iran Mohammad Khayrandish1&* & Ebrahim Ebrahimi2 1- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran & 2- Insect Taxonomy Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran 19395-1454, Iran. *Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A total of 60 species of Symphyta were identified and listed from the Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum, Iran, of which the species Abia candens Konow, 1887; Pristiphora appendiculata (Hartig, 1837); Macrophya chrysura (Klug, 1817) and Tenthredopsis nassata (Geoffroy, 1785) are newly recorded from Iran. Distribution data and host plants are here presented for 37 sawfly species. Key words: Symphyta, Tenthredinidae, Argidae, sawflies, Iran. زﻧﺒﻮرﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﻢرﯾﺰ ارهاي (Hym.: Symphyta) ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻣﻮزه ﺣﺸﺮات ﻫﺎﯾﮏ ﻣﯿﺮزاﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺰارش ﭼﻬﺎر رﮐﻮرد ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻮن اﯾﺮان ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺧﯿﺮاﻧﺪﯾﺶ1و* و اﺑﺮاﻫﯿﻢ اﺑﺮاﻫﯿﻤﯽ2 1- ﮔﺮوه ﮔﯿﺎهﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ، داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻬﯿﺪ ﺑﺎﻫﻨﺮ، ﮐﺮﻣﺎن و 2- ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ردهﺑﻨﺪي ﺣﺸﺮات، ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮔﯿﺎهﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ اﯾﺮان، ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت، ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ و آﻣﻮزش ﮐﺸﺎورزي، ﺗﻬﺮان. * ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﻣﮑﺎﺗﺒﺎت، ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑﯽ: [email protected] ﭼﮑﯿﺪه درﻣﺠﻤﻮع 60 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از زﻧﺒﻮرﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﻢرﯾﺰ ارهاي از ﻣﻮزه ﺣﺸﺮات ﻫﺎﯾﮏ ﻣﯿﺮزاﯾﺎﻧﺲ، اﯾﺮان، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي Macrophya chrysura ،Pristiphora appendiculata (Hartig, 1837) ،Abia candens Konow, 1887 (Klug, 1817) و (Tenthredopsis nassata (Geoffroy, 1785 ﺑﺮاي اوﻟﯿﻦ ﺑﺎر از اﯾﺮان ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ و ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﯿﺰﺑﺎن 37 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از زﻧﺒﻮرﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﻢرﯾﺰ ارهاي اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.
  • Miniature Attachment Systems: Exploring Biological Design Principles

    Miniature Attachment Systems: Exploring Biological Design Principles

    © 2002 WIT Press, Ashurst Lodge, Southampton, SO40 7AA, UK. All rights reserved. Web: www.witpress.com Email [email protected] Paper from: Design and Nature, CA Brebbia, L Sucharov & P Pascola (Editors). ISBN 1-85312-901-1 Miniature attachment systems: exploring biological design principles S.N. Gorb Biological Microtribology Group, Division 14 MPI of Developmental Biolop, Tuebingen, Germany. Abstract One of the greatest challenges for engineering science today is miniaturisation. Insects and other arthropods have solved many problems correlated with small size during their evolution. A variety of biomechanical systems of insects, adapted for attachment of parts of the body to each other or attaching the organism to a substrate, are the main topic of the present paper, There are eight fimdamental classes of attachment principles: clamp, spacer, sucker, expansion anchor, hooks, lock or snap, adhesive secretions, and friction. Different combinations of these principles occur in the majority of biological attachment structures. Friction-based probabilistic fasteners provide precise reversible coupling of surfaces with a minimum expenditure of force, Patent databases contain a huge number of ideas dealing with applications of existing fasteners. However, most of these applications use the same types of available hook-like tapes. Biological systems provide a variety of microscale surface patterns, which may serve as a source for Mure prototyping of novel types of releasable fasteners and micro-fasteners. An engineering approach is to copy the surface profile using available technologies. As an initial stage of prototyping diverse surface microsculpture, the low-viscosity wax cast technique is applied to produce surface casts, Since forces in the contact areas of most biological systems have not been previously measured, the fust step in this direction is taken toward identification of the interesting properties of systems.