What is a Lipid? A Tale of Two Lipids: Cholesterol vs Triglyceride A lipid is a fatty acid or derivative that is NOT soluble in water and their Role in Heart Disease Fatty Acid Sterol = Cholesterol Mary Sorci-Thomas, Ph.D. Professor of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology
Cholesteryl Ester = Storage of Cholesterol Triglyceride = Storage of Fatty Acids
If lipids are insoluble in water (think - oil and vinegar), how are they transported to various tissues in your body for use?
Lipids are packaged into Lipoproteins Homer Illustrates An Important Point About Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Lipoproteins are particles made up of lipid and protein. CHD is responsible for more than one- Specialized proteins surround and solubilize the lipid “core”. third of all deaths in the Western World
CHD is the number one killer in the US and in other industrialized nations
Secreted from liver and Heart CH = Cholesterol circulating in blood CH and Cholesterol Ester Adipose TG = Triglyceride Tissue (TG)
Secreted from intestine and supplies Fatty Acids to many different organs in body
1 Connection Between Cholesterol And Heart Disease Dietary Cholesterol and Whole Body Metabolism In Greek, athere means gruel, and skleros means hard. Atherosclerosis is often called arteriosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis (from the Greek arteria, meaning artery) is a general term for hardening of the arteries. Adult Human
“Bad Cholesterol” Delivers to Artery
Statins are a class of
“Good Cholesterol” drugs which reduce Removes From Artery cholesterol synthesis and their use began in 1987.
Today 25% of In 1910 Windaus showed therosclerotic plaques in human Americans over 40 yr aortas contained over 20-fold higher concentrations of take a statin to reduce cholesterol than normal aortas. their plasma In 1913 Anitschkow fed pure cholesterol to rabbits and noted cholesterol that it induced severe atherosclerosis of the aorta. concentration.
In 1933 Schoenheimer fed mice diets high and low in Turley, SD and Dietschy, JM (2003) Prev Cardiol. 6: 1 cholesterol and showed a direct correlation with diet content.
Important Facts About Triglycerides and Recent Increase in Cardiovascular Disease Keeping Track of Your Own Triglyceride Health? Mortality Rates Is a Result Of?
Lipids absorbed Adipose Tissue is a by intestine are Storage Depot of Age-Adjusted Total CVD Mortality Rates packaged into Chylomicrons Triglycerides 2007-2015 Actual vs. 20% Impact Goal Scenario Once delivered to tissues 270 Actual 20% Target Scenario lipids are used immediately 260 or stored for later use. 250 100,000
240 per
230
Deaths 220
210
200 adjusted ‐ 190 BMI is weight in kilograms divided by Age height in meters squared. For example, 180 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 BMI for a person who weighs 72 kg (160
Source: NVSS. Heart Disease: 100-199, Q20-28 lbs) and 1.7 m (5’ 8”)= 24.6
2 Homer Illustrates An Important Fact About Increase in Obesity With Time in United States Triglycerides and Diet
ObesityObesity in in the the US- US- 2011 2015 1 Doughnut 290 Calories For the average person, 2,000- 16 g Fat or TG calories-a-day is considered 35 g Carbs normal. 0 g Cholesterol Of that total, ~400-700 calories come from dietary fat.
Which translates to 44-78 g a day Adipose of fat. TG = Triglyceride Tissue (TG)
Does being obese lead to increased risk of having heart disease?
http://stateofobesity.org/files/stateofobesity2016.pdf
Let’s Do the Numbers: Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolic Does Being Obese Impact Cardiovascular Health? Syndrome
BMI Weight 18.5-24.9 Healthy 25-30 Overweight 30-35 Obese 35-40 Severely Obese
Ndumele, CE. Et al. (2016) J Am Heart Assoc. Jul 28
3 What to Do? You’ve Already Started!!! Bottom Line or Take Home Message
1. Buy a bathroom scale and weigh yourself weekly.
2. Calculate your BMI and own it.
3. If overweight, gradually reduce caloric intake and/or eat less calorically dense foods rather than trying “fad” diets.
4. Walk more and use the stairs more. Find a “walking partner” to help with motivation.
Further Info…….American Heart Association Web Site 5. Stay engaged and visit reputable web sites for www.Heart.Org/Research information.
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