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tv!i- ,,:11,747 .. 104- . 1. #4)., . 4 T t C' 4 I NATIONAL . SURVEY : .41 - I OF THE 011 h. a 7 EDUCATIONOFMAC:HERS' bulletin1933, No.-10 O 1; C. "le a irtsix VOLUME , a 4. VolumeIV 1111r EDUCATIONOF NEGROTEACHERS .. I 0 By , ,;. --,- AMBROSECALMER o Alt 4 , .1 t 4t 1' r fl e 4 1. :* A ,40%11, 141 11.13 )". Tr'tP' e I so' 10-- 0- 0 st 11 mfA ..-.0 , - ...,;:.).. .-...4.. ,,iz-'? .. ....: -t! 154.' :.! -,11 .sith.1741t *?!.:',.11 - 1 ... - , ..,- .:- 1 . ...,...0./.,,;!... .,.....4t-,,, ,..ti4r. .. -1..kie, V. ...;;;Sor . .417"' ; 1 v. 4.,. i .- ..,s .... : I- .C ';,. larit, *_ &umDumargara ....:.!..i.4 ar . Iftinuosap-Harold Llake,glecretary .. 4% ...Y I = ,._,.., ....._ srIkusommor_ , "0 kV aa e .. --_ ..... WilliamJohn Cosaniniamee.... .,I , .1 =, . - - ''.1. 11,1:.-- --. _____ ,_: 2_4_11_ l'a 1.1 Ii.'--' . - :. I_I ' . 8. ..011 Powwow. ome -----a _ _-...,, ,'I. _1:::: ,- 7 -t . a .5 ..11 ..r . _ -, ,-t. , v .-.-. Wassminga, ' - .. a. i :. 4t. i s .t . : . .,5'.. ....5,,7;.-, z ' -.TT. Doismat,Wai*Isem 4111 . I. D.C. .. , . , . ... ° s. ausis . 'Ws ....:'..y. -.''41.: "'. '--l'''',....(') : ,. - / "`. `r-, -, . %. : 7 " 1 I 4 .1..,:': :. :4:- Z'.)4,:.1r. 't .! %V. .4; !Si 4 0 k 4 t t /1 ...;1 : .1.0! s: , ..... .1 L. 4. Z...:.4..' .f4. :.4 '.A .... ' 7 1 . -4 . '1lilt' 47 . ' .3 tr .7 : - Me:: J.,. ',"..i'..i;. .t.v:,..., L. : - ,....1 4.. ....C. ...ia -1 ....Ir ..., I 4 * , .iIt.. 1 . s 'Si.al 1- 1... 4 . , r., -; .:,7, 4,,, -ofe _. ,,.. I. , ,..: .1.4; 4,4 t .-P7 4 ..., T. ,- . V? -es.,"7,1,- . , s'1,., - t -31'''4g '7*' 01%.t ! ,. I - A,1 d AN? ;%:411,%° 1.,r'1:30. 4%,....'K. ' ...,01-744 11),A ...r).; Avii4 ,1/2.;`,. liP,,.2. ..A' 4 4.4y;. ., o-,14 'D ' 0.14 2 , i-4'. `r.... .'.*tr 4,0,`' ,....*-'1.'"4..-_,...-tIt... '7.1',,-"e,%...* - i .. , ,,.;._...., -. .1Ai 4...4 , -, .i.... J tg! ;,,.,.,;,, *' r ....- 1. v; ....' . .` Ark 13%-r- TV'T ""-,71-1"."77r-it -71 ' .:01 ,.,..% 4. am. 453374 , . a tipfi2 51938 ."0:141 1+--- . 193-3 4, rin3 1 0 =MN, ID ., .CONTENTS It11° Pew &Aim alm,01P TWIN-1I as 0 ____ __ maw _ , i_ _-_- OW 0. V FORZIFORD , 11110101 CLOT= . VII IINTRODUCTION........ _MI. MO . General 01 1 etatement ...... _____ 1 DualschoolsystimTesc4hersGrowthof public The State educatiozF--- and theeducationof Negrotembersv-Land-grantcol- legesCcountytrainingschoolsPopularisationof e education At among .... - -glideresponsibilityfor Negroeducation. .Thepresentstudy 5 Scope ofthisstudyAimoftiestudy . ure-and data. "z"-- Commis IIELIMINTARTTRACRimill ......... ----- 9 Professionalpreparation. Educational 9 levels-=-81seof.communityComparisonof NegroandwhiteelementaryteachersGrades most taughtFieldof preparationVariationsamong EttatesAcademiode- Profession,courses. Experienceandtenure ... _ _ _ _ ...... .17 Salszy ...... e MD OPInk Mb e .... .. _ Mr .1MOD alb dl ......... 4111. 41 Supply ..... 19 and demand Mr . 1 Ms lb e 1M MD MI61, NI 22 Mobility-43ourcesofsupplySizeofcommunity. CRAFT=III8CONDAITSCHOOL - TRACRIBRII 0. .1 a do am Professional . 40. 30 11 preparation alb IND No IND alb Highestlevel of 31 educationSourceofearneddegreePropor., tion of eq men and women-81.seof°ImmunityPreparationin principalfield ofteachingEducationcreditPractice Experience teaching. Teaching 36 load andsubjectstaught _ _ TeAchingloadSubjects 37 O taughtMajorandminorfieldsof . teachingHigh-schoolprograms of study. Salariesof Negrohigh-school teachers ................_a... _ 41 ONAPTIRIV-1-Taz.COLUMN STAFF...e---------a e e e-------- Educationallevel_ 44 =e a=..........._ a e a Source 'of ............ 44 6edegreesfilexahdmaritalstatueDepartment instructiou. of Experienceandtenure ....................... _ _ 48 4xperienoe iTenueinpresentinstitution. Teaching , duties I - ...... IIani 49 Departmentsofinstruction-P--Distributionofteachersby de- `partmentrTesohingload. Communitycontacts . , OP .....a alb la a OD 51 Publications . IN1 VD ION, IND OD el ...... 52 Salary....... 111P 111 Oi 11Ib OD Wit ."53 Administrativeofficers_ .GM . 86 Educationandteachingload-b-SalaryPublioations. INUMInkairjrSummary41. GB411, libgbib a bit GO ........ NI lb 111 010 ...... GI OD , U0 ID 111 WI 116 , I , 1 Mr1 ,11," ", 1. '"" 4.3 1%. .0....' 411 * 34 rok.. m ., 1 '4;i; ii1/44,31 : : r7 , ./ - . "" C¡!fS*8 If:%.4. 4- tritz-4 7:3,4' 1. 7- - 4- -1-471--7-. , %,77*--7 . s; ;. pea QuintsVCURRICULUMOPTIMUMSAND PaAcencissIN T1111 PRIPARA- 6 TION OFNBOZOTuAoliss 59 0 SemestercreditsIND 01.-OBIelSD MDOP GP 41111IMO, MID GO MO 4# O 59 Xariation andoverexpansion. Thecurricula ...... _ gm PP e 'PP PM 67 hof ,purric Kinds ofcurricula-7- *bore .ucationcoursesGeneralrequirementsglectives. Problems and issues 76 Creditsrequiredtiut4sist combinationsandteachiqg4onk. binationeOverexpansion. es Summary. 111 do.4E0 gi 79 CNAPTIRVI---CÒNTIWrOF AND MglIODS OF TRUCKING Rit,PRZSNNTATIvi , Commas . _ ..... _ _e e e GP PIP 81 Aimspr thecours"AssignmentsTestsTextbooks.arid refer- enoesClassroommethods. 41 CRAPTIIR A VIICIRRTAINADMINISTRATIVEPRACTICESAND POLICIESININ- .,). STITUTIONS FORTall EDUCATIONOF MUM) TNACIINHIL 88 Size,admissions, and enrollments UM fi* 88 EliseofinatituLonrAdmissionspoliciesProspectiveteach- . : 'g'ummer schoollasesenrollmentEnrollment. in major minordepartments. , row° Curriculumpolicies andpractices 7 95 Extensionwork-8cholarshipstandardsRestrictiononlevil of °curies. "i, NJ ' .. ...' Specialcurriculumfeatures ............ ....N..... 4)5 OrientationcourseeHonorscourses, comprehensiveexam- ¡nations, andtutorial plan. -, Practiceteaching 96 Practfoe facilitiesTeachingactivitiesrequiredAmountof practice teaching requiredrrerequ1sites--8elect1onof OudentP teachersGradesirr-whichpractice teachingis done-:Dmp- timi.-- Responsibu tiesof thedirevtorQualificationsof critic teachersCooperativepra9tice teachingfacilities. .. Extracurricular aitivities 100° 4 Edultational aimsand issues al MP..11.IMP OD M. OD 4M ..P ga OM MP.6 101 Allis*of institutieiplasuesrelatingto theeducation of teachers. Summary 108 !TIMVIII PT_NDINGS, CONCLUSIONS,AND RIBCOKNIAINDATIOin 109 . Findings and conclusionsconcerning' theteachingpersonfiel...... 110 Findingsand conclusionsconcerningcurriculum offeringsandprao- tikes 114 Finclingiand conclusionsconcerningadministrativepractices and policies 116 Reeommendations en. ............................. 117 811- studies OP al .....:......... e ofiaOD IS VS MD 6/0 fib 122 í " . :SO "fle." blh . fw a . w, .--. -%- et, w .'..f1 ' P 4, 2 4. -4. 144_%`..`.<,- . 1,),A7A, Flreg !,'yV . 1 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 4 DEPAÙTMENTOF THE INTERIOR, 'OFFICEOFEDUCATION, Washington, D.C:, June1935. j)', Sm, The first State normal school in Aniericawasfiiunded by theyl" coll esof Horace Mannat Lexington, Mass.Itwaslegally establiahed during the panic of 1837.The law whichgaveitbirth passed in 1838, and the school opened in1839.Later it *as inoved toWest Newton and still later to Framingham, where it kill exists. This, the first State institution especially designed for the preparation of teachers,was aspecializedtype pf secondaryschqolto-which pupils who passedanexamination in common.echool subjectswereadmitted. A few States still recognize high schools and junior collegesasade- quateteacher-preparatory inotitutions,butit is believed that such arrangementsare now-passing. .` In 1894ìMasaachuaetta again took thediad in making graduation fromm4ehigh schoolnecessaryfor admissiontothe itormal schools. This'stepautomaticallyputthese institutionsonthe college level. The presidënta of these fie hootsnowundertooktoestablish theproper standards for teaching.Itwaslogical that they should find them- selves preparing teachers foraprofession.In the meantime the universities and the liberalartscollegesgaveBorneattentionto teaihing.Iowa began in 1873, and. Michigan Mundedaciehairof pedagou in 1879.In general, these schoolä prepared the high-school teach::and the norival schools preparod elementary scliool teachers. Sinthese early beginnings muchprogresshas been made in the . preparation of teachers.The majority of the normal schools have increased the length of their curricula and have become degree- granting teachers colleges and nearly all of the colleges and universi- ties have larger numbers of their kraduates going into teaching than intoanyother line of work.-Itwasonly natural thit suchadiversity of ttacher-educating 4encies should raiseagreatmanycontAversial issues'andthatthere should be numerou's instances of overlapping. JONIPIP and winecetisarycbiplicAtionof effort.Thiswasevident at the 1915 meeting of the National Education Association in Oakland, Calif., when the desirability ofasurv6wasdiscussed andacommitteeto investigate its possibilitywasappointed.Dr. D. B. Waldo, president of the Teachers College at Kalamazpo,was amember of..that parly conimittee.At the_otime of the appointment of theboard ofcon- sullipanteonthis Survey onlyhé and Dr. Lordwerestill alive and in acdve service. ". g., ay t. f 01. VI LETTERqrTRANSMITTAL The :iTnty-firstConmsauthorizedasurvey teach&on\a oftheeducationof Nation-widescope whichhas beeri last.3years under conductedduringthe theimmediatedirectionofDr. E. fessorof educatio)ht S.Evenden,pro- TeachersCollege,ColumbiaUniversity, seived53 associatedirector. whohas This manuscriptontheeducationKtf States NegroteachersintheUnited comprisesthefourth'inaseriesof six survey findings volumesinwhichthe are reported.It istheworkofDr. seniorskcialist,inthe AmbroseCaliver, educationofNegroes,Officeof Hewas assistedinthe Education. tabulationofdatabyTheresaA. some instancesbyother Birch,andin, members oitheSurveystaff. s Thedateinthisvolume present,themostrecent