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The River of Golden Sand:Being the Narra

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The River of Golden Sand:Being the Narra afdrnell Uttioeraitg ffitfrrara 3tifam, ^tm ^mk CHARLES WILLIAM WASON COLLECTION CHINA AND THE CHINESE THE GIFT OF CHARLES WILLIAM WASON CLASS OF 1876 1918 Cornell University LIbrsry DS 709.G47 1883 The river of golden sand:being the narra 3 1924 023 220 217 Library The original of tliis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924023220217 THE RIVER OF GOLDExN SAND PACTOLONQUE PETIT: QUAMVIS NON AUREUS ILLO TEMPORE, NEC CARIS ERAT INVIDIOSUS ARENIS. Ovid, Met. xi. : THE RIVER OF GOLDEN SAND BEING THE NARRATIVE OF A JOURNEY THROUGH CHINA AND EASTERN TIBET TO BURMAH; BY THE LATE CAPTAIN WILLIAM GILL, R.E. CONDENSED By EDWARD COLBORNE BABER, CHINESE SECRETARY TO H. M.'s LEGATION AT PEKING. EDITED, WITH A MEMOIR AND INTRODUCTORY ESSAY, By colonel HENRY YULE, C.B., R.E. m\i\ |ortrait, W^< anir Wcobtuts. LONDON JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET. 1883. (;()UKM I I TKE.iD]\irLL-r-lRRIGAT10N WHEEL. PREFATORY NOTE. Miss F. E. M. Gill, desiring that an illustrated edition of 'The River of Golden Sand' should be prepared as a memorial of her deeply lamented brother, requested me to undertake the superintendence of the work. It was felt that the bulk of the original book had been too great, and it seemed essential that the error should not be repeated. But abridgment of such a narrative is a difficult matter, especially when the task can no longer be supervised by the author. The difficulty was got over when it was found that Mr. E. Colborne Baber, Chinese Secre- tary to H.M.'s Legation at Peking, and now in England, was willing to undertake this abridgment. Mr. Baber, by the fact of his being one of Captain Gill's most intimate and valued friends, combined with that of his having been the traveller's companion on the ascent of the Yang-Tzii, and by his unique knowledge of Western China and the adjoining hill-country, was qualified for this task as no one else could be. It was Miss Gill's wish that the Introductory Essay which was issued with the original edition should not be omitted. I have modified it somewhat, and endeavoured to bring it up to a recent date. [4] PREFATORY NOTE. The memoir of Captain Gill is based on a sketch, also by the present writer, which was printed in December last in -the 'Royal Engineers' Journal,' a paper circulating privately among the officers of the Corps. This has now been expanded, chiefly by additional extracts from my friend's diaries. The illustrations, in addition to the few which appeared in 1880, are derived mainly from drawings which Captain Gill caused to be made under his own supervision from his very rough sketches. A few have been added (clicMs) from Lieutenant G. Kreitner's narrative of Count Sz^chenyi's expedition {Im Femen Osten, Vienna 1881). The portrait which forms the frontispiece has been etched by Mr. T. Blake Wirgman from a photograph ; and the group engraved by Mr. Cooper is from the last likeness of Captain Gill, taken at Malta in the beginning of 1882. H. Yule. London : Oct. 26th, 1883. CONTENTS. Prefatory Note [3-4] Tables of Contents IS-13] List of Illustrations [15-16] BRIEF MEMOIR OF CAPTAIN GILL. Parentage and education, [19-20] ; his first journey to Persia, [20] ; the ; Elburz, Mazanderan, and Kila't-i-Nadir, [21] narrow escape, [22] ; value of his surveys on the Persian Frontier, [23]. Gill stands for Hackney in 1874, unsuccessfully, [24]. His proposal to travel in China, [24] ; introduction to Baron F. v. Richthofen and to T. T. Cooper, [25] ; his travels in Northern China, [26] ; up the Yang-Tzii, and in Ssii-Ch'uan, [26] ; change in plans ; Ta-Chien-Lu and Bishop Chauveau, [27] ; by Lit'ang and Bat'ang to Ta-Li-Fu, [28J. Aboriginal tribes ; the Irawadi reached, and so to England, [29]. ' of Golden Sand ; Medals from the Royal Geographical Publication of River ' Society, [29], and from the Paris Geographical Society ; character of his work as a traveller, [30]. Attempt to visit the Bulgarian theatre of war, [31] ; sent to Constantinople on duty ; extract from his Diary, [31-32]. is too late, joins Sir Captain Gill goes to join the force at Candahar ; but C. Macgregor on expedition against the Maris, [32]. Extracts from Diary of his Indian journey, [32-37]. Sir C. Macgregor's character of Gill, [37 1- He goes to Persia, but finds Merv impracticable, and returns to England, [38]. Extracts from Journal in Persia, [38-43]. Tripoli, Proceeds to His journey to Tripoli, [43-44] ; extracts in [44-47]. Benghazi, tries to proceed by land to Egypt, and is prevented, [47-48]. Returns home by Constantinople and Vienna, [49]. [6] CONTENTS. writer Ordered to Egypt on special service, [49], Last letter to the ; circumstances of his deputation to Egypt, [50]. Fragments from Diary picked up on Desert after his Death, [50-51]. At Alexandria, [51] ; last Port Said, [52] ; starts for Suez ; Ismailia, [54] ; Suez, [54-56] ; written words, [56-57]. Circumstances of the expedition with Professor Palmer into the Desert, [57-58] ; the attaok and murder, [59-60]. Colonel Warren's inquiries and exertions, [60-61] ; trial and execution of some chief culprits, [61]. Meeting of the Royal Geographical Society ; Gill's character, and England's duty, [61-63]. Interment of the relics in St. Paul's, [63]. Testimonies to Gill's virtues and services, [63-66]. Conclusion. GEOGRAPHICAL INTRODUCTION. § I—Origin of this Essay, § 2—Title of the Book explained, and scope of the introduction. § 3—^The great parallel rivers issuing from Eastern Tibet (i) the Subanshiri (ii) the Dihong, identity ; ; § 4 and the of the great river of Tibet with the great river of Assam. § 5—Recent evidence and comparative discharges. § 6—Rivers involved in the question. §7—^Theory of identityof Tsanpuand Irawadi. § 8—General grounds for adhesion to orthodox theory. 9 (iii) the § — Dibong ; does not come from Tibet. 10 (iv) The Lohit or true Brahmaputra its § — ; identity with Gak-bo or Ken-pu of Tibetan geography ; murder of the missionaries Krick and Boury. § 11 (v)—The Tchitom-chu or Ku-ts'- Kiang, probably a source of the Irawadi. § 12—(vi) The Lung- Ch'uan Kiang (vii) Lu-Kiang or Salwen ; The River. § 13—(viii) The Lan-T'sang or Mekong. § 14—(ix) The Kin-Sha River of Golden Sand, or Upper Stream of the Great Yang-Tsii Kiang. § 15—(x) The Ya-Lung or ; its Yarlung River confluence with the Kin-Sha. § 16—(xi) The Min-Kiang. § 17—Its Ramifications in the Plain of Ch'6ng-Tu. § 18—History of the problem of direct communication between China and first India ; Chinese knowledge of India. § 19—Indications in Greek writers. § 20—Alleged Chinese invasion of India. § 21—Medieval counter-attempts from India. § 22—Marco Polo in Western Yun-nan. 23 Ta-Li-Fu the Panthds § — and ; Bham6. § 24—The Treaty of Tien- Tsin. § 25—French missions on the Tibetan frontier. § 26—Curious episode in connection with these missions. § 27—Joiurney of Hue and Gabet. § 28—Klaproth's Descriftion du TUbet. 29 § —Blakiston's exploration of the Upper Yang-Tstt. § 30—The French expedition up the Mekong River, and excursion to Ta-Li under F. Gamier. Gamier's later § 31— efforts and projects. § 32—T. T. Cooper's attempts to reach India from China, and to reach China from India. § 33—Major Sladen's expedition from Bham6 into Yun-nan ; — — CONTENTS. [7] iis consequences. § 34—Baron Richthofen's attempt to reach Ta-Li by Ning-Yuen-Fu. § 35—The Abb^ Desgodins. § 36—The Deputation of Augustus Margary, who succeeded in reaching Bhain6 from China. § 37—Murder of Margary on the return journey. § 38—Negotiations followed Grosvenor's mission that ; to Yun-nan. § 39—The agreement the ' of Chefoo, and Margary Proclamation. ' § 40—Reports from the ; E. Baber's Grosvenor mission Mr. C. ; his subsequent journeys ; Lord Aberdare's summary of his work in presenting the medal of the Royal Society. Geographical § 41—Extract from one of his narratives. § 42 of Protestant missionaries —^Journeys ; Mr. McCarthy, the first non- official traveller from China to the Irawadi ; Mr. Cameron's joumev on Captain Gill's track. « § 43—Captain Gill's own journeys; that to the northern mountains of non-Chinese races of SsiS-Ch'iian ; the the western frontier. § 44 Man-Tzii and Si-Fan ; comparison of numerals. § 45—Captain Gill joined by Mr. Mesny, and his obligations to that gentleman. § 46 The journey by Ta-Chien-Lu ; the tea-trade with Tibet ; recent details on that subject by Mr. Baber. • § 47— Currency of English rupees in Tibet ; and of tea-bricks ; singular kinds of tea discovered by Mr. ; its Tibetan its Baber. § 48—Ta-Chien-Lu name ; position. § 49 The MiisiSs and the Lisiis. § 50—MSS. in new characters brought from those regions. Nature of work achieved by Captain Gill. 52 ^Journeys since his § SI — § — ; Count Bela Szdchenyi's. § 53—Mr. A. R. Colquhoun's. The future ? CHAPTER I. CATHAY, AND THE WAY THITHER. Pi China resolved on— Preliminary visit to Berlin— Baron Ferdinand v. Richthofen—Marseilles, and 'Voyage in the ' Ava ' —The— Straits Chinese Practices first realised—Approach to Saigon 'The City —Hong Kong reached and quitted—Shanghai and its peculiar Con- veyances—The Chinaman's Plait—'Voyage —to Chi-Fu—The Chi-Fu Convention—Tne Minister Li-Hung-Chang 'Voyage to the Pei-Ho —Difficulties of Navigation up that— River—Scenery—Arrival at Tien-Tsin—Carts of Northern China ' Boy ' found—Scenes on the Tien-Tsin Bund— Suspicious 'Wares CHAPTER II.
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