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Environmental Contaminants in an Urban Fjord, 2019 Photo: Anders Ruus Anders Photo REPORT SNO. 7555-2020 Environmental Contaminants in an Urban Fjord, 2019 Photo: Anders Ruus Anders Photo: Norwegian Institute for Water Research REPORT Main Office NIVA Region South NIVA Region East NIVA Region West NIVA Denmark Gaustadalléen 21 Jon Lilletuns vei 3 Sandvikaveien 59 Thormøhlensgate 53 D Njalsgade 76, 4th floor NO-0349 Oslo, Norway NO-4879 Grimstad, Norway NO-2312 Ottestad, Norway NO-5006 Bergen Norway DK 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark Phone (47) 22 18 51 00 Phone (47) 22 18 51 00 Phone (47) 22 18 51 00 Phone (47) 22 18 51 00 Phone (45) 39 17 97 33 Internet: www.niva.no Title Serial number Date Environmental Contaminants in an Urban Fjord, 2019 7555-2020 23.11.2020 Author(s) Topic group Distribution Anders Ruus, Kine Bæk, Thomas Rundberget, Ian Allan, Bjørnar Beylich, Environmental Open Christian Vogelsang, Martin Schlabach (NILU), Arntraut Götsch (NILU), monitoring Katrine Borgå (UiO), Morten Helberg (UiO) Geographical area Pages Oslo, Norway 104 + Appendix Client(s) Client's reference The Norwegian Environment Agency Bård Nordbø Client's publication: Printed NIVA Miljødirektoratet report M-1766|2020 Project number 17146 Summary This programme, “Environmental Contaminants in an Urban Fjord” has covered sampling and analyses of sediment and organisms in a marine food web of the Inner Oslofjord, in addition to samples of blood and eggs from herring gull. The programme also included inputs of pollutants via surface water (storm water), and effluent water and sludge from a sewage treatment plant. The bioaccumulation potential of the contaminants in the Oslo fjord food web was evaluated. The exposure to/accumulation of the contaminants was also assessed in birds. A vast number of chemical parameters have been quantified, in addition to some biological effect parameters in cod, and the report serves as a status description of the concentrations of these chemicals in different compartments of the Inner Oslofjord marine ecosystem. Four keywords Fire emneord 1. Contaminants 1. Miljøgifter 2. Urban areas 2. Urbane områder 3. Food web 3. Næringskjede 4. Bioaccumulation 4. Bioakkumulering This report is quality assured in accordance with NIVA's quality system and approved by: Anders Ruus Marianne Olsen Project Manager Research Manager ISBN 978-82-577-7290-1 NIVA-report ISSN 1894-7948 © Norsk institutt for vannforskning/Norwegian Institute for Water Research & Norwegian Environment Agency The publication can be cited freely if the source is stated. Environmental Contaminants in an Urban Fjord, 2019 NIVA 7555-2020 Preface The programme covers sampling and analyses of organisms in a marine food web of the Inner Oslofjord in 2019 in addition to samples of blood and eggs of herring gull. The programme also includes inputs of pollutants via surface water (storm water), and sewage treatment plant discharges. This monitoring programme adds to results from other monitoring programmes such as "Contaminants in coastal waters" (MILKYS) and "the Norwegian river monitoring programme". These programmes are referred to, when relevant. 2019 represents the seventh year of the Urban Fjord programme. As such, the programme has begun to produce unique time series valuable for capturing developments in the environmental concentrations of a vast number of contaminants. Some changes/improvements were made in the design from 2014 to 2015 and from 2016 to 2017. The study was carried out by NIVA, with a majority of the chemical analyses performed by the Norwegian Institute for Air Research, NILU. Collection of herring gull samples was conducted by the University of Oslo (Morten Helberg). Besides the authors of this report, several persons are acknowledged for their contribution in sample collection, sample preparation, data treatment and analysis: Ingar Johansen, Merete Schøyen, Gunhild Borgersen, Alfhild Kringstad, Camilla With Fagerli, Tânia Gomes, Marthe Torunn Solhaug Jenssen, Pawel Rostowski, Mikael Harju, Hilde Uggerud, Marit Vadset, Inger-Christin Steen, Linda Hanssen, Carsten Lome, Dag Hjermann. The report has been quality assured by Marianne Olsen. Oslo, November 2020 Anders Ruus Senior Research Scientist, Adj. Prof. NIVA 7555-2020 Table of contents 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 9 1.1 Objectives .............................................................................................................................. 9 2 Material and Methods ............................................................................................................. 10 2.1 Sample Collection ................................................................................................................ 10 2.1.1 Sediment............................................................................................................... 10 2.1.2 Food web of the Inner Oslofjord .......................................................................... 10 2.1.3 Herring gull ........................................................................................................... 11 2.1.4 Storm water .......................................................................................................... 11 2.1.5 Sewage treatment plant ....................................................................................... 11 2.2 Chemical analysis, support parameters and biological effect parameters.......................... 16 2.2.1 Background, target compounds ........................................................................... 20 2.2.2 Analysis of metals ................................................................................................. 21 2.2.3 Analysis of PCBs, brominated flame retardants and S/MCCP .............................. 22 2.2.4 Analysis of PFAS .................................................................................................... 22 2.2.5 Analysis of alkylphenols and bisphenols .............................................................. 23 2.2.6 Analysis of UV-chemicals ...................................................................................... 24 2.2.7 Analysis of siloxanes ............................................................................................. 24 2.2.8 Analysis of PFR ...................................................................................................... 26 2.2.9 Analysis of antioxidant MB1 ................................................................................. 27 2.2.10 Analysis of M3T(Ph) .............................................................................................. 27 2.2.11 Analysis of Dechlorane plus and related compounds .......................................... 28 2.2.12 Analysis of Behentrimonium ................................................................................ 28 2.2.13 Support parameters ............................................................................................. 29 2.2.14 Biological effect parameters (cod) ....................................................................... 30 2.3 Data treatment .................................................................................................................... 30 3 Results and Discussion ............................................................................................................. 32 3.1 Stable isotopes ..................................................................................................................... 32 3.2 Environmental contaminants .............................................................................................. 34 3.2.1 Sediment............................................................................................................... 37 3.2.2 Inner Oslofjord Food Web .................................................................................... 40 3.2.3 Cod ........................................................................................................................ 52 3.2.4 Herring gull ........................................................................................................... 62 3.2.5 Storm water .......................................................................................................... 77 3.2.6 Sewage treatment plant (STP) .............................................................................. 83 3.3 Interspecies and matrix comparisons .................................................................................. 90 3.4 Support parameters ............................................................................................................. 94 3.5 Biological effect parameters ................................................................................................ 94 4 Concluding remarks ................................................................................................................. 97 5 References ............................................................................................................................ 100 4 NIVA 7555-2020 Summary In 2019, the programme, “Environmental Contaminants in an Urban Fjord” has covered sampling and analyses of sediment and organisms in a marine food web of the Inner Oslofjord, samples of blood and eggs from herring gull, as well as inputs of pollutants via surface water (storm water), and sewage treatment plant discharges. The objective of the programme was to monitor the presence of chemicals in a densely populated area and to study how
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