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Xerox University Microfilms INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated w ith a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. 5. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 74-3266 MOERCHEN, S.M., Richard Frank, 1934- SPECIFIC ISOLATING MECHANISMS OF THE ORANGE- THROAT HARTER, ETHEOSTOMA SPECTABILE (AGASSIZ) , AND THE RAINBOW HARTER, ElHEOSraMA CAERULEUM STORER, IN CENTRAL OHIO, WITH CONSIDERATIONS OF THEIR HYBRIDIZATION. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1973 Zoology University Microfilms, A XEROX Company , Ann Arbor, Michigan © 1973 Richard Frank Moerchen, S.M. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED SPECIFIC ISOLATING MECHANISMS OF THE ORANGETHROAT DARTER, ETHEOSTOMA SPECTABILS (AGASSIZ), AND THE RAINBOW DARTER, ETHEOSTOMA CAERVLEUli STORER, IN CENTRAL OHIO, WITH CONSIDERATIONS OF THEIR HYBRIDIZATION DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Richard Moerchen, S. M. , B. S., M. S. * * * * * The Ohio State University 1973 Reading Committee Approved By Dr. Ted M. Cavender Dr. Milton B. Trautman Dr. Richard A. Tubb Adviser Department of Zoology ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The present work was made possible with much assistance and considerable encouragement on the part of many individuals. I wish to first thank Dr. Ted M. Cavender for his advice, suggestion and con­ structive criticisms throughout the investigation. X am indebted to Dr. Milton B. Trautman for originally suggesting the ecological aspects of the problem, for his continued interest and for being so generous and gracious with his time and advice. Thanks are also extended to Dr. Richard A. Tubb who, with Drs. Cavender and Trautman, served on the reading committee and was especially helpful in criticizing the writing style, and to Drs. Walter C. Rothenbuhler and Clarence E. Taft, who served on the examining committee. To all these Individuals I am grateful for their assistance in helping me to more properly express the findings and implications of the research. I express profound gratitude to Dr. Barbara K. Dommert for an Immense amount of clerical work, for assistance in the field and for her continual interest and encouragement. Without her generosity the finalizing of the study would have been much longer in coming. Mr. Thomas Whitney deserves my appreciation for his advice and patient assistance on computer work and statistical analysis. X wish to especially acknowledge the confident and continual support of my superiors and colleagues of the Society of Mary ii (Marianists, St. Louis Province) in terms of complete financial support and moral encouragement. For financial aid I also acknowledge a partial Mary Osburn Summer (1972) Fellowship from The Ohio State University. Thanks are due to Dr. David Stansbery, director of the Museum of Zoology of The Ohio State University for furnishing space to work and for patient considerations in my behalf, to Mr. John Condit for his generosity in sharing aquarium and photography equipment, and to Dr. Tony Peterle whose interest and patience were a source of encouragement. Ify thanks are extended to Dr. Tony Echelle of the University of Oklahoma for his correspondence and the use of the manuscript on j£. spectabile — JE. radiosum hybridization. To my roommates Bernard Ploeger, S.M. and Dr. Frank Damm, S. M. X am especially thankful. Their tremendous patience, forbearance, and charity made living and working with them a sincere privilege and real pleasure. I am grateful to my parents for their confident anticipation of the completion of this study. To many close friends who, during the course of this study asked "How are your fish?", with sincere, empa- thetlc, and encouraging Interest, X express equally sincere gratitude and appreciation. Final, though no less sincere thanks, are extended to Ms. Terri Goga for her patience throughout the typing of the copy. iii VITA May 21,1934 .......................... Born, Belleville, Illinois 1952 ................................... Entered Religious Order, Society of Mary (Marianists), St. Louis Province 1955 ...................................B. S., Chemistry St. Mary's University, San Antonio, Texas 1955-1956 ............................ Chaminade College Preparatory Clayton, Missouri 1956-1957 ............................ Don Bosco High School, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 1957-1961 ............................ Chaminade College Preparatory Clayton, Missouri 1961-1964 .... Vianney High School, Kirkwood Missouri 1965 .......................... M. S., Biology University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, Indiana 1965-1968 ............................ McBride High School St. Louis, Missouri 1967 Summer . ....................... Instructor St. Mary's University San Antonio, Texas 1973 ...................................Ph. D., The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Zoology Studies in Ichthyology. Associate Professor Ted M. Cavender Studies in Fish Behavior. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................. ±i VITA ............................................................... iv LIST OF MAPS ........................................................ vii LIST OF TABLES ..................... viii LIST OF FIGURES ................................................. x INTRODUCTION ...................................................... 1 METHODS AND MATERIALS .......... ................................ 5 RESULTS .......................................................... 31 E c o l o g y .................................................... 31 R a n g e .................................................. 31 Habitat: ......................... 37 Reproductive behavior ............... 54 Location of spawning s i t e s .............. 54 Sexual dimorphism ............ ........... 56 Spawning season ....................................... 58 Spawning habitat .................................. 60 Pre-spawning activity ................................ 69 Spawning behavior ..................................... 75 Hybridization............ 89 Meristic and morphometric analysis ................... 92 Chromosome morphology ................................... 116 v DISCUSSION.......................................................... 119 SUMMARY .............................................................126 APPENDIX ....................... .................................. 128 t A Summary of meristic and morphometric d a t a .............. 128 B OSUM cataloging of specimens..............................141 LITERATURE CITED .................................................. 144 Vi LIST OF MAPS Map Page I. Detail of study stream a r e a ........... 8 II. Distribution of Etheostoma caeruleum and Etheostoma spectabile in the United States .......... 32 III. Collection records of 15. caeruleum in O h i o ............. 35 IV. Collection records of E. spectabile in O h i o ............. 36 vli LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Species list of Dry Run . ........... 10 2. Species list of Peter's Run .................. 15 3. Habitat preference of 12. spectabile and E. caeruleum . 43 4. Ratio of E. caeruleum and E. spectabile taken at specific stream a r e a s ................ 51 5. Comparison of E^. caeruleum and jE. spectabile pre-spawning behavior ................................. 80 6. Similarities and differences related to E. caeruleum and E.. spectabile spawning behavior . 87 7. Variances of characters of laboratory-raised hybrids versus parental stock ................................. 91 8. Characters of laboratory-raised hybrids intermediate between parental stdck ................... 102 9. Characters of natural hybrids resembling IS. caeruleum parents .............. 103 10. Characters
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