International Journal of South Asian Studies
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ISSN 0974 - 2514 International Journal of South Asian Studies GUIDELINES FOR SUBMISSION OF MANUSCRIPTS Original papers that fall within the scope of the Journal shall A Biannual Journal of South Asian Studies be submitted by e-mail. An Abstract of the article in about 150 words must accompany the papers. The length of research papers shall be between 5000 and 7000 words. However, short notes, perspectives Vol. 2 July – December 2009 No.2 and lengthy papers will be published if the contents could justify. Notes should be placed at the end of the text and their location in the text marked by superscript Arabic Numerals. References should be cited within the text in parenthesis. Example : (Sen 2003:190) Bibliography should be placed at the end of the text and must be complete in all respects. Examples: 1. Hoffmann, Steven (1990): India and the China Crisis, Oxford University Press, Delhi. 2. Bhalla and Hazell (2003): “Rural Employment and Poverty: Strategies to Eliminate Rural Poverty within a Generation”, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol.33, No.33, August 16, pp.3473-84. All articles are, as a rule, referred to experts in the subjects concerned. Those recommended by the referees alone will be published in the Journal after appropriate editing. No article shall be sent for publication in the Journal if it is currently being reviewed by any other Journal or press or if it has already been published or will be published elsewhere. e-mail: [email protected] or Madanjeet Singh Institute for South Asia [email protected] Regional Co-operation (MISARC) Centre for South Asian Studies Department of Politics & International Studies Pondicherry University Puducherry, India International Journal of South Asian Studies IJSAS July - December 2009 International Journal of South Asian Studies IJSAS July - December 2009 CONTENTS ARTICLES Global Economic Crisis and the Implications for South Asia K Venugopal Reddy ... 334 Madrasa Policy in Pakistan: Strategies from Within Sanchita Bhattacharya ... 177 ‘The Hungry Tide’: Rise in Sea Levels in the Sundarbans Due to Global Warming-Induced Climate Change Employee Attrition Management in I. T. Industry in Debabrata Ghosh ... 346 South Asia: Some Evidences from India and Pakistan M Basheer Ahmed Khan ... 195 Culture as a Preferred Strategic Choice for Asian Countries: An International Business Approach India’s Trade Relationship with the Burgeoning R Shanthakumari and A Somalingam ... 357 Economies of South East Asia M Banumathi ... 204 Ethnicity and Ethnic Policies in Pakistan and Myanmar T T Haokip ... 367 Urbanization in South Asia with Special Reference to Bangalore – Its Impacts Between Wisdom and Knowledge: The Politics of Priya Narayanan ... 216 Creativity in a Post-Communist World : Tilo Schabert’s ’Boston Politics’ Today András Lánczi ... 382 Artistic Freedom of Expression versus Communitarian Sentiments - A Case Study Displaced People and their Issues of Human Rights Binu Zachariah ... 228 Somenath Bhattacharjee ... 399 Dealing with Terrorism in South Asia: The Case of India Rajbanshis: The Deprived People of North Bengal Pradeep Kumar Parida ... 411 (In the State of West Bengal) Moumita Ghosh Bhattacharyya ... 242 RESEARCH NOTE Accelerating Growth through Inorganic Means: A Time Like No Other: An Analysis of the Political Lessons from the Asian Region Economies of Eastern Europe since 1989 Surinder Pal Singh ... 427 Joel R. Campbell ... 278 BOOK REVIEW The Indian Response to the Global Financial Crisis Changing the World Order: India, EU and US – A Trialogue Sumanjeet Singh ... 302 Swati Bhattacharya ... 432 International Journal of South Asian Studies IJSAS July - December 2009 International Journal of South Asian Studies IJSAS July - December 2009 Sanchita Bhattacharya 178 Madrasa Policy in Pakistan: Strategies from Within India who could face discrimination in the Therefore, in order to answer a simple hands of Hindu majority. The concept of question – what is the nature of state in Sanchita Bhattacharya Pakistan worked like an inspiration for the Pakistan, one can easily say that it is an Islamic Muslims, it was like a promise that they state with severe ethno-cultural disparities. made to themselves. So in a way Pakistan and Islam became synonyms to each other. Islamisation, therefore, has become Abstract The status of Islam in Pakistan has always more or less synonymous with the politics of In the context of present volatile political condition of Pakistan, it can very well Pakistan. The quest for regime survival in be said that, the state has been crumbling over a period of time. Important and been a prime subject matter of Pakistan, and Pakistan is based on the important pillar of serious steps toward survival of democracy are very essential in Pakistan. And in order to proof not only an independent at the same time, Madrasas should be given priority regarding any resource but strong existence in comparison to a Islam. All the regimes have incorporated their allocation programme. The stress should be on implementation and not docu- secular India, Pakistan has always used Islam own colour and characteristic to the process mentation of reports. Generally, the efforts of Government have been restricted as a safety blanket or as a shelter. of Islamisation. Therefore, religious to the policy formulation part. Once the measures are documented in govern- obsession in place of devotion and dedication ment offices, no further effort is being made. Channelisation of allocated re- As projected to be the homeland for is the guiding star of Pakistani politics. Its source and proper monitoring posts in interior regions of the country are re- the Muslims of the region, Islam accordingly been more than sixty years, and fortunately quired. And at the same time, along with these, the Government should organize played an important role in the politics of the or unfortunately enough, Pakistan is still public awareness programmes at various levels regarding the benefits of remod- state. The story of Pakistan politics since its struggling with its religious identity. It did eled Madrasa educational pattern. inception is one of a blatant pursuit of political not achieve the matured stage, where all- self-interests by Pakistani ruling elites round development and improvisation of a disguised in terms of religious discour se. The country is more essential than its religious commitment. The correlation between In the history of human civilization, the Status of Islam in Pakistan strategy of the governing classes (over the Islamisation and Madarsa education lies in the importance of Madrasa education has not been years) was to proclaim Pakistan an Ideological fact that they complement as well as a recent socio-political discourse. Madrasa Islam, is the cause behind the state based on Islam and not a democracy supplement each other. Islamisation can be education remains a core agenda of the Islamic formation of Pakistan as an independent (Ahmad 2000: 168-169). considered one of the reasons behind the world. Interpretation of this form of education sovereign state. It has acted as a driving force proliferation of the Madarsas in Pakistan. But and its reforms are essentially multifaceted in which resulted into Pakistan on 14 August, Pakistan as a state is not homogenous at the same time, Madarsa as an independent character. However, the focal theme of this 1947. Muslims were a minority of 19 per cent in nature. Although the lone feature of unit adds to the progression of Islamisation system of education has differed from time to of the population in British India in 1947 Pakistan is Islam, but there are regional as through its products and followers. The time, which caused the present system of (Qureshi 2005: 87). The fear of majority Hindu well as cultural variations in the country. The process of Madrasa policies, devised by Madrasa education loose its originality in its domination was the main factor behind the ethnic diversities of the country comprises different regimes of Pakistan are as follows: entirety. The purpose of this paper is to highlight Pakistan movement. Surprisingly enough, of Punjabis, Sindhis, Balochs, Tribes of the Pakistan is the only state which came into the Madrasa policy as formulated by various NWFP, Mohajirs and other tribal minorities. The Ayub Regime: Madrasa Policy Begins being on the basis of Islam. It was considered regimes of Pakistan since Ayub Khan’s Due to the so-called Punjabi domination, its Journey ascendancy in late 1950s’. to be the homeland for Muslims of undivided there is a constant tussle in Pakistan’s political as well as economic sectors. The In 1952, there was a review of the state has to face the challenge of ethnic situation of education in Pakistan and a disparity along with religious National Plan for Educational Development Ms Sanchita Bhattacharya is a Research Scholar at Centre for South, Central, South-East Asian and South West Pacific fundamentalism. The image of Pakistan over was devised. Accordingly, the following years Studies (CSCSEASWPS), School of International Studies of Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India. the years has become synonymous with saw the emergence of report of the Sharif E-mail: sanchita_bhat83gmail.com. Islamic radicalism. Commission based on the suggestions of InternationalIJSAS Journal 2(2) of2009, South Asianpp.177-194. Studies IJSAS ISSN July -0974 December - 2514 2009 International Journal of South Asian Studies IJSAS July - December 2009 179 Madrasa Policy in Pakistan: Strategies from Within Sanchita Bhattacharya 180 several international conferences and 1996 as quoted in ICG Report 2002: 6). By governments used it for their own ends. While concluded agreements with Arab countries, seminars. The recommendations of the Sharif 1959 four wafaqs- or federations of Madrasas- Islam and supposedly Islamic virtues of most importantly Saudi Arabia, for promotion Commission report of 1959 became the basis were organized, along sectarian lines, to defend obedience and docility were constantly taught of Arabic language and Islamic literature in of Pakistan’s educational system in the themselves against the state’s attempts to to the lower classes, the powerful classes Pakistan.