CLASS-4 COMPUTER L-1 HISTORY OF COMPUTERS

BOOK EXERCISE

A. Tick () the correct options. 1. Which was the first mechanical calculating device? a. Napier’s Bones ( ) b. Pascal Adding Machine ( ) c. Abacus ( ) 2. In which of the following was the concept of punched cards used?? a. Pascaline ( ) b. Napier’s Bones ( ) c. Jacquard Loom () 3. Which of the following was invented by Babbage? a. Loom ( ) b. Analytical Engine () c. Mark 1 ( ) 4. Which of the following was the first electronic computer? a. Mark I () b. UNIVAC ( ) c. ENIAC ( ) 5. In which year was the first UNIVAC computer delivered to US Census Bureau? a. 1944 ( ) b. 1946 ( ) c. 1951 ()

B. Fill in the blanks. Information dials large arithmetic IPO small

1. Early means were helpful to count small numbers only. 2. An abacus could count large numbers and perform arithmetic calculations. 3. In Pascaline, dials were moved clockwise to enter numbers for calculations. 4. A punched card was a piece of paper that could store information for doing calculations. 5. The Analytical Engine was based upon the concept of IPO.

C. State ‘True’ or ‘False’. 1. Calculations are done on an abacus by sliding beads across the rods. true 2. Pascaline is known as the first gear-driven calculator. false 3. Mark 1 was developed for Army Ordnance to compute World War II false ballistic firing tables. 4. Apple II was the first personal computer with colour monitor. true 5. Mark I was the first electromechanical computer. true CLASS-4 COMPUTER L-1 HISTORY OF COMPUTERS

D. Expand the following terms: 1. ENIAC- Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer. 2. UNIAC- Universal Automatic Computer. 3. IPO -Input Process Output. CLASS NOTES

E. Short answer questions.

1. What is abacus? Ans. Abacus was the first mechanical calculating device, developed by Chinese about 5000 years ago. It was used for counting large numbers and doing arithmetic calculations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. 2. Describe punched card. Ans. A punched card was piece of paper that could store information for doing calculations. This information is represented by holes in it. 3. What does IPO stands for? Ans. IPO stands for Input Process Output. 4. In which year was Pascaline developed? Ans. In 1647, Blaise Pascal invented a calculating device, called Pascaline or Pascal Adding Machine. 5. Who is known as the ‘Father of Computer’? Ans. Charles Babbage is known as the Father of Computer’. F. Long answer questions. 1. Describe any two early developments. Ans. The two early developments are:  Abacus- Abacus was the first mechanical calculating device, developed by Chinese about 5000 years ago. It was used for counting large numbers and doing arithmetic calculations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. An abacus consists of rod on which sets of beads are inserted .The rods from right to left represents units, tens, hundreds and so on. Calculations are done by sliding the beads across the rods. CLASS-4 COMPUTER L-1 HISTORY OF COMPUTERS

 Napier’s Bones- In 1617, John Napier made a, manually operated calculating device, known as Napier’s bones. It was a set of eleven rectangular rods marked with numbers. These rods were used to perform multiplications. Later on, improved version of this device was used for division and finding square roots of numbers.

2. Why is Charles Babbage known as the ‘Father of Computer’? Ans. In 1837, Charles Babbage designed a general-purpose computing device, called the Analytical Engine. It was the first programmable mechanical computer. It had many features that are essential part of today’s computers. The present day computer took shape from the designs of Charles Babbage, so Babbage is known as the ‘Father of Computer’.

3. Write notes on the following: a. Mark I b. ENIAC c. UNIVAC Ans.  Mark I – It was the first electromechanical (an electrically operated mechanical device) computer. It was devised by Howard H. Akien and built by IBM in 1944. It was very big in size and heavy in weight. It consisted of about 750,000 separate parts.  ENIAC – ENIAC stands for Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer. It was invented by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert in 1946. ENIAC was the first electronic general-purpose computer. It was thousand times faster than Mark I.  UNIVAC- The UNIVAC stands for Universal Automatic Computer. It was the world’s first commercially available computer designed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly in 1951. The first UNIVAC came on line for the U.S. Government’s Census Bureau.