Black and Minority Ethnic Groups Health Needs Assessment 2016
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Black and Minority Ethnic Groups Health Needs Assessment 2016 Dr Nicholas Riches Specialist Trainee in Public Health Health Needs Assessment of Black and Minority Ethnic Groups in Salford (2016) CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... 8 1.1.BME population data ....................................................................................................... 8 1.2.National evidence review ................................................................................................. 8 1.3.Salford evidence review ................................................................................................. 10 1.4.Pathways to BME health inequalities in Salford ............................................................... 10 2. RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................................................... 12 2.1.Lifestyle factors ............................................................................................................. 12 2.2.Healthcare organisation (prevention) .............................................................................. 13 2.3.Healthcare organisation (treatment) ............................................................................... 14 2.4.Environmental factors .................................................................................................... 16 2.5.Research and surveillance .............................................................................................. 17 2.6.Cross-cutting themes ..................................................................................................... 18 3. BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................... 19 3.1.Introduction .................................................................................................................. 19 3.2.Definitions ..................................................................................................................... 20 3.3.Aim and objectives ......................................................................................................... 22 3.4.Methodology ................................................................................................................. 23 4. DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION ........................................................................................... 24 4.1.National Census 2011 ..................................................................................................... 24 4.2.Languages ..................................................................................................................... 51 4.3.School Census data ........................................................................................................ 51 4.4.Projected population trends ........................................................................................... 54 4.5.National Insurance Number registrations ........................................................................ 58 4.6.ONS Local Migration Indicators ....................................................................................... 60 4.7.UK Border Agency dispersal data .................................................................................... 62 5. NATIONAL EVIDENCE REVIEW ............................................................................................. 63 5.1.Life expectancy .............................................................................................................. 63 5.2.General health ............................................................................................................... 66 5.3.Maternal health ............................................................................................................. 68 5.4.Child health ................................................................................................................... 69 5.5.Lifestyle factors ............................................................................................................. 71 5.6.Weight .......................................................................................................................... 75 5.7.Cardiovascular health ..................................................................................................... 78 5.8.Diabetes ........................................................................................................................ 80 5.9.Haematological conditions ............................................................................................. 81 5.10.Cancer ......................................................................................................................... 82 5.11.Sexual health ............................................................................................................... 92 5.12.Tuberculosis ................................................................................................................ 95 5.13.Female Genital Mutilation ............................................................................................ 97 5.14.Mental health .............................................................................................................. 98 5.15.Older people ................................................................................................................ 99 2 Health Needs Assessment of Black and Minority Ethnic Groups in Salford (2016) 6. SALFORD EVIDENCE REVIEW ............................................................................................. 100 6.1. General health ..................................................................................................................... 100 6.2. Child obesity ........................................................................................................................ 104 6.3. Uptake of smoking cessation ............................................................................................... 105 6.4. Screening uptake ................................................................................................................. 107 6.5. Hospital Episode Statistics ................................................................................................... 108 6.6. Sexual health data ............................................................................................................... 111 6.7. Female Genital Mutilation data........................................................................................... 112 6.8. Asylum seeker health .......................................................................................................... 114 6.9. Social determinants of health ............................................................................................. 116 6.10.Community research projects in Salford ............................................................................. 119 7. CONSULTATION SUMMARY ............................................................................................... 120 8. LIMITATIONS OF HEALTH NEEDS ASSESSMENT................................................................... 126 9. RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................................ 127 9.1. Understanding the causes of health inequalities in Salford ................................................ 127 9.2. Recommendations ............................................................................................................... 128 9.3. Planned projects .................................................................................................................. 135 10. REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................... 136 Appendix 1: Population density of ethnic groups across Salford Council ....................................... 143 Appendix 2: Ward-specific ethnicity data ................................................................................... 150 Appendix 3: Health issues of specific ethnic groups .................................................................... 154 Appendix 4 : List of countries with high incidence of TB .............................................................. 159 Appendix 5: Recommendations of Salford Jewish Community Health Research Report ................. 160 Appendix 6: Recommendations of Salford Council Gypsy / Traveller action research project ......... 162 3 Health Needs Assessment of Black and Minority Ethnic Groups in Salford (2016) TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1: Population age bands by ethnic group .................................................................................. 26 Figure 2: Variations in ethnic group structure according to age band ................................................. 27 Figure 3: Proportion of children (0-15) among different ethnic groups in Salford............................... 27 Figure 4: Proportion of population from BME groups in Salford wards ............................................... 30 Figure 5: Percentage of ‘White’ population by Salford ward ............................................................... 32 Figure 6: Population pyramid for White British population in Salford ................................................. 33 Figure 7: Percentage of ‘White Irish’ population by