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2.1. Apendix 1. Heritage Topic Paper Appendix 1 Greater Manchester Spatial Framework Heritage Topic Paper Revision A Prepared on behalf of: Greater Manchester Combined Authority September 2019 7 BDP. Revision A Date September 2019 Project Reference 3000631 Prepared by AM/CN Checked by CN PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK Contents. Executive Summary.............................................................................................................................................................. i Introduction. ................................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Purpose of the Paper. ............................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.2 Structure of this Paper ........................................................................................................................................... 2 A Profile of the Greater Manchester Historic Environment ..................................................................................... 3 2.1 Introduction. ........................................................................................................................................................... 3 th 2.2 Origins and Development to the Beginning of the 20 Century. ............................................................................ 3 2.3 Two Cities and Ten Metropolitan Boroughs. .......................................................................................................... 4 2.4 Early Building Materials and Building Types. ......................................................................................................... 6 2.5 Transport Infrastructure 1700 to 1900. ................................................................................................................... 6 2.6 Urban Development 1700 – 1900. ......................................................................................................................... 7 2.7 Urban Development from 1900. ............................................................................................................................. 9 2.8 Transport Infrastructure as a Continuing Generator. ............................................................................................ 10 2.9 The Surviving Built Heritage................................................................................................................................. 10 2.10 Buildings at Risk. ................................................................................................................................................. 11 Heritage Assets.......................................................................................................................................................... 13 3.1 Introduction. ......................................................................................................................................................... 13 3.2 Heritage Assets Typologies. ................................................................................................................................ 13 3.3 Heritage Assets Designation. ............................................................................................................................... 13 3.4 World Heritage Sites. ........................................................................................................................................... 14 3.5 Listed Buildings. ................................................................................................................................................... 14 3.6 Scheduled Monuments. ....................................................................................................................................... 17 3.7 Registered Parks and Gardens. ........................................................................................................................... 18 3.8 Registered Battlefields. ........................................................................................................................................ 18 3.9 Conservation Areas. ............................................................................................................................................ 18 3.10 Non-designated Assets and Archaeology. ........................................................................................................... 19 Legislation, Planning Policy and Guidance. ........................................................................................................... 22 4.1 Introduction. ......................................................................................................................................................... 22 4.2 Legislation and Planning Policy Context. ............................................................................................................. 22 4.3 National Planning Practice Guidance and Best Practice ...................................................................................... 23 4.4 Local Policy and Studies. ..................................................................................................................................... 25 The Value of the Historic Environment .................................................................................................................... 27 5.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 27 5.2 Environmental Value ............................................................................................................................................ 27 5.3 Social Value ......................................................................................................................................................... 28 5.4 Economic Value ................................................................................................................................................... 33 Trends. ........................................................................................................................................................................ 38 6.1 Introduction. ......................................................................................................................................................... 38 6.2 Heritage at Risk. .................................................................................................................................................. 38 6.3 Vulnerability of certain building typologies ........................................................................................................... 41 6.4 Conservation and economic viability .................................................................................................................... 43 6.5 Local identity, character and distinctiveness ........................................................................................................ 44 6.6 Heritage, growth and design ................................................................................................................................ 45 6.7 Heritage and Climate Change. ............................................................................................................................. 46 Recommendations. .................................................................................................................................................... 48 7.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 48 7.2 Recommendations and Directions ....................................................................................................................... 48 Greater Manchester Spatial Framework | Heritage Topic Paper Executive Summary Introduction i. The purpose of the paper is to explore the historic environment looking at related strategies and policies and the state of the historic environment in Greater Manchester. It identifies key messages and issues that the Greater Manchester Spatial Framework will need to address. Heritage Assets ii. The majority of the heritage assets within Greater Manchester fall within the following categories: Industrial heritage: mills, commercial buildings, chimneys, civic buildings, churches and associated housing, parks and gardens and model villages; Transport infrastructure heritage: historic bridges (some of medieval origin), canals and railway infrastructure; Leisure heritage: public houses, swimming baths, billiard halls and cinemas; Religious heritage: churches, chapels and other buildings, serving all denominations; Large hall residences and their associated open spaces; Places of social, political and cultural reform and improvements: sites relating to historical events, institutions and commercial enterprise; Significant archaeological sites: associated with Roman and medieval activities; and Open spaces: those surrounding historic buildings, squares, markets and landscape infrastructure such as railing gates, walls and monuments. iii. The collective significance of Greater Manchester’s heritage is recognised nationally through the statutory designations that apply to heritage assets and is evidenced locally through designated Conservation Areas (CAs)
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