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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS This PDF is available at http://nap.edu/23405 SHARE Gene Drives on the Horizon Advancing Science, Navigating Uncertainty, and Aligning Research with Public Values DETAILS 230 pages | 7 x 10 | PAPERBACK ISBN 978-0-309-43787-5 | DOI 10.17226/23405 CONTRIBUTORS GET THIS BOOK Committee on Gene Drive Research in Non-Human Organisms: Recommendations for Responsible Conduct; Board on Life Sciences; Division on Earth and Life Studies; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine FIND RELATED TITLES Visit the National Academies Press at NAP.edu and login or register to get: – Access to free PDF downloads of thousands of scientific reports – 10% off the price of print titles – Email or social media notifications of new titles related to your interests – Special offers and discounts Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. (Request Permission) Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Gene Drives on the Horizon Advancing Science, Navigating Uncertainty, and Aligning Research with Public Values Gene Drives on the Horrizon Advancing Science, Navigatting Unccertainty, and Aligning Research with Publicc Values Committee on Gene Drive Research in Non-Human Organisms: Recommendations for Responsible Conduct Board on Life Sciences Division on Earth and Life Studies Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Gene Drives on the Horizon Advancing Science, Navigating Uncertainty, and Aligning Research with Public Values THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 This activity was supported by Contract No. 040815 with the Foundation for the National Insti- tutes of Health, Contract No. 10002551/10002584 with the US Department of Health and Human Services/National Institutes of Health. The activities received additional support from the Na- tional Academy of Sciences Biology and Biotechnology Fund. Any opinions, findings, conclu- sions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project. International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-43787-5 International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-43787-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016946673 Digital Object Identifier: 10.17226/23405 Additional copies of this report are available for sale from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu. Copyright 2016 by the National Academies of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America Cover design by Claire Ballweg. Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gene Drives on the Horizon: Advancing Science, Navigating Uncertainty, and Aligning Research with Public Values. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23405. Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Gene Drives on the Horizon Advancing Science, Navigating Uncertainty, and Aligning Research with Public Values The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanddiing contributions to re- search. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of thee National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is presi- dent. The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president. The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The Academies also en- courage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine. Leearn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.national-academies.org. Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Gene Drives on the Horizon Advancing Science, Navigating Uncertainty, and Aligning Research with Public Values Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Gene Drives on the Horizon Advancing Science, Navigating Uncertainty, and Aligning Research with Public Values COMMITTEE ON GENE DRIVE RESEARCH IN NON-HUMAN ORGANISMS: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RESPONSIBLE CONDUCT Co-Chairs JAMES P. COLLINS, Arizona State University ELIZABETH HEITMAN, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Members NICOLE L. ACHEE, University of Notre Dame VICKI CHANDLER, NAS,1 Minerva Schools at Keck Graduate Institute JASON A. DELBORNE, North Carolina State University BRANDON S. GAUT, University of California, Irvine STEPHEN HIGGS, Kansas State University GREGORY E. KAEBNICK, The Hastings Center ANN KINGIRI, African Centre for Technology Studies WAYNE LANDIS, Western Washington University LYNN RIDDIFORD, NAS,1 Howard Hughes Medical Institute JOYCE TAIT, University of Edinburgh LISA A. TANEYHILL, University of Maryland JOSEPH TRAVIS, Florida State University PAUL E. TURNER, Yale University DAVID E. WINICKOFF, University of California, Berkeley; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris Project Staff KEEGAN SAWYER, Project Director AUDREY THÉVENON, Associate Program Officer ROBIN MILLER, Christine Mirzayan Science and Technology Policy Graduate Fellow FRANCES SHARPLES, Director, Board on Life Sciences ANGELA KOLESNIKOVA, Administrative Assistant ANNE FRANCES JOHNSON, Editor 1National Academy of Sciences. v Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Gene Drives on the Horizon Advancing Science, Navigating Uncertainty, and Aligning Research with Public Values BOARD ON LIFE SCIENCES Chair JAMES P. COLLINS, Arizona State University Members ENRIQUETA C. BOND, Burroughs Wellcome Fund ROGER D. CONE, Vanderbilt University NANCY D. CONNELL, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School JOSEPH R. ECKER, Salk Institute for Biological Studies SARAH C.R. ELGIN, Washington University, St. Louis LINDA G. GRIFFITH, Massachusetts Institute of Technology ELIZABETH HEITMAN, Vanderbilt University Medical Center RICHARD A. JOHNSON, Global Helix LLC JUDITH KIMBLE, University of Wisconsin, Madison MARY E. MAXON, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory JILL P. MESIROV, University of California, San Diego KAREN E. NELSON, J. Craig Venter Institute CLAIRE POMEROY, Albert and Mary Lasker Foundation MARY E. POWER, University of California, Berkeley MARGARET RILEY, University of Massachusetts, Amherst LANA SKIRBOLL, Sanofi JANIS WEEKS, University of Oregon Staff FRANCES SHARPLES, Director KATIE BOWMAN, Senior Program Officer JO HUSBANDS, Senior Scholar JAY LABOV, Senior Scholar KEEGAN SAWYER, Program Officer MARILEE SHELTON-DAVENPORT, Senior Program Officer AUDREY THÉVENON, Associate Program Officer BETHELHEM MEKASHA, Financial Associate JENNA OGILVIE, Research Associate ANGELA KOLESNIKOVA, Administrative Assistant AANIKA SENN, Senior Program Assistant vi Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Gene Drives on the Horizon Advancing Science, Navigating Uncertainty, and Aligning Research with Public Values Preface Historians of science and engineering illuminate how discoveries related to theory, obser- vation, and technology change our understanding of the natural world and the ways in which we interact with the organisms around us. Occasionally, the pace of discovery in a particular re- search area is so rapid it is impossible to miss. If the current pace of change in general genetics is thrilling, the pace of change in gene drive research is breathtaking. Not surprisingly, the depth, breadth, and practical implications of scientific advances in gene drive research are simultane- ously raising many challenges at the interface of science and society. The National Institutes of Health and the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health asked the Board on Life Sciences of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Med- icine to convene a consensus committee to summarize current understanding of the scientific discoveries related to gene drives and their accompanying ethical, legal, and social implications. This report reflects the committee’s consensus conclusions regarding the state of the sci- ence and expectations for responsible research. The committee’s analyses are based on reviews of the multidisciplinary literature, interviews of experts, and presentations from natural and so- cial scientists working at the leading edges of research on gene drives and related technologies. Appropriate for such a task, the committee’s 16 members have diverse interdisciplinary expertise and a range of backgrounds across the natural and social sciences, ethics,
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