Oregon Food Infrastructure Gap Analysis
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Oregon Food Infrastructure Gap Analysis Where Could Investment Catalyze Regional Food System Growth and Development? This research was made possible through a generous grant from Meyer Memorial Trust. We at Ecotrust appreciate the ongoing support and partnership of an organization so thoughtfully pursuing reliable prosperity for all Oregonians. Meyer Memorial Trust’s mission is to work with and invest in organizations, communities, ideas, and efforts that contribute to a flourishing and equitable Oregon by using a mix of strategic, proactive, and responsive investments, including grantmaking, loans, initiatives, commissioning research, supporting policy advocacy, and a range of community and nonprofit engagement strategies. For more than twenty years, Ecotrust has converted $80 million in grants into more than $800 million in assets for local people, businesses, and organizations from Alaska to California. Ecotrust’s many innovations include cofounding an environmental bank, starting the world’s first ecosystem investment fund, creating programs in fisheries, forestry, food, farms, and social finance, and developing new tools to improve social, economic, and environmental decision-making. Ecotrust honors and supports the wisdom of Native and First Nation leadership in its work. Learn more at www.ecotrust.org Oregon Food Infrastructure Gap Analysis Where Could Investment Catalyze Regional Food System Growth and Development? By Ecotrust, with Matthew Buck Funded by Meyer Memorial Trust April 2015 Project Team Advisors Amanda Oborne, VP, Food & Farms, Ecotrust Jeff Harvey, CEO, Burgerville Matthew Buck, Matthew Buck Consulting Ashley Henry, Community Engagement Manager, Beneficial State Foundation Lauren Gwin, PhD, Associate Director, Center for Small Farms & Sayer Jones, Director of Finance and Mission Related Investing, Meyer Community Food Systems at Oregon State University Memorial Trust Michael Mertens, PhD, Director, Knowledge Systems, Ecotrust Nathan Kadish, Director of Investment Strategy, Ecotrust Stacey Sobell, Director, Food & Farms, Ecotrust John Klostermann, Director of Operations, Oregon Food Bank Katy Pelissier, Program Coordinator, Food & Farms, Ecotrust Jason Lafferty, General Manager, SnoTemp Angela Hedstrom, Farm to School Assistant, Ecotrust David McGivern, President, Northwest Food Processors Association Jocelyn Tutak, GIS Analyst, Ecotrust Mike Moran, General Manager, Columbia Plateau Producers (Shepherd’s Grain) Noah Enelow, PhD, Economist, Ecotrust Katie Pearmine, Strategic Sourcing Manager, Oregon Food Bank William Moore, Senior Developer, Ecotrust Gary Roth, Marketing Director, Oregon Department of Agriculture Ryan Sullivan, Graphic Design, Paste in Place Richard Satnick, Owner, Dick’s Kitchen Stakeholders and Contributors Hannah Ancel, ACCESS Laura Masterson, 47th Avenue Farm Susan Arakelian, Beaverton School District Sarah Masoni, Food Innovation Center, Oregon State University Mark Anderson, Champoeg Farm Nellie McAdams, Friends of Family Farmers John Boyle, New Seasons Market Michelle McGrath, Oregon Environmental Council Denise Breyley, Whole Foods Market Gretchen Miller, Oregon Food Bank Sarah Brown, Oregon Tilth Sara Miller, Northeast Economic Development District Caitlin Burke, Hacienda CDC Michael Morrissey, Food Innovation Center, Oregon State University Sarah Cantril, El Huerto del Familia Jim Myers, PhD, Oregon State University Cory Carman, Carman Ranch Ivan Mulaski, Friends of Family Farmers Karla Chambers, Stahlbush Island Farms Tanya Murray, Oregon Tilth Bridget Cooke, Adelante Mujeres Ron Paul, James Beard Public Market Eecole Copen, Oregon Health Sciences University Peter Platt, Andina Mitch Daugherty, Built Oregon Madeleine Pullman, PhD, Portland State University Fernando Divina, Oregon Health Sciences University Jared Pruch, Cascade Pacific RC&D Piper Davis, Grand Central Baking Teresa Retzlaff, North Coast Food Web Chuck Eggert, Pacific Foods Trudy Tolliver, Portland Farmers’ Market Lynne Fessenden, Willamette Farm & Food Coalition Chris Schreiner, Oregon Tilth Joel Fisher, Oregon Business Association Lane Selman, Culinary Breeding Network Gitta Grether-Sweeney, Portland Public Schools Wendy Siporen, Thrive Amy Gilroy, Oregon Department of Agriculture Emma Sirois, Healthcare Without Harm Rick Gruen, Clackamas County Thomas Stratton, formerly Oregon Rural Action Greg Higgins, Higgins Restaurant Sarah Sullivan, Gorge Grown Food Network Alan Hummel, New Seasons Market Sharon Thornberry, Oregon Food Bank Franklin Jones, B-Line Sustainable Urban Delivery Chris Tjersland, New Seasons Market Reg Keddie, Pacific Foods Katrina Van Dis, Central Oregon Intergovernmental Council Jill Kuehler, formerly Friends of Zenger Farm Lisa Vincent, Beaverton School District Spencer Masterson, Oregon Food Bank Karen Wagner, formerly Oregon Rural Action Michael Madigan, Bowery Bagels Bob Wise, Cogan Owens Greene Chrissie Manion Zaerpoor, Kookoolan Farms Philip Yates, ACCESS TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 1. Executive Summary 1.1 What Is the Issue? 1.2 What Did the Study Find? 1.3 What Are the Recommendations for Investment and Further Exploration? 1.4 How Was the Study Conducted? 14 2. Introduction 16 3. Supply 3.1 Introduction and Oregon Overview 3.2 Issues of Scale 34 4. Demand 4.1 Introduction and Oregon Overview 4.2 Determination of Population-Based Demand 4.3 Consumer Demand Trends and Anticipated Scarcity 4.4 Working to Eliminate Hunger and Its Root Causes: Oregon Food Bank 4.5 Institutional Demand 4.6 Price and Consumer Willingness to Pay 4.7 Summary 51 5. Infrastructure 5.1 Overview 5.2 Production Capacity by Region 5.3 Ag of the Middle Pinch Points 5.4 Summary 67 6. Chicken 6.1 Executive Summary 6.2 Introduction to the Industry at the National Level 6.3 Segmentation, Key Issues, and Trends 6.4 Demand for Chicken in Oregon 6.5 Oregon Chicken Production 6.6 Oregon Poultry Processing 6.7 Support Infrastructure for Poultry 6.8 Rebuilding the Missing Middle: Two Paths 6.9 Conclusions 6.10 Case Study: Toward a Profitable Supply Chain for Pastured Poultry 97 7. Beef 7.1 Introduction to the Beef Industry at the National Level 7.2 Segmentation, Key Issues, and Trends 7.3 Demand for Beef in Oregon 7.4 Consumer Spending on Beef 7.5 Market Channels 7.6 Demand Summary 7.7 Oregon Beef Production 7.8 Smaller Beef Producer Challenges 7.9 Oregon Beef Processing 7.10 Support Infrastructure for Beef 7.11 Paths Forward 7.12 The Entrepreneur Model 7.13 The Collective/Cooperative Model 7.14 A nalysis 7.15 Conclusions 124 8. Pork 8.1 Introduction to the Pork Industry at the National Level 8.2 Segmentation, Key Issues, and Trends 8.3 Demand for Pork in Oregon 8.4 Consumer Spending on Pork 8.5 Market Channels 8.6 Demand Summary 8.7 Oregon Pork Production 8.8 Smaller Pork Producer Challenges 8.9 Oregon Pork Processing 8.10 Support Infrastructure for Pork 8.11 Paths Forward 8.12 Conclusions 147 9. Small Grains and Legumes 9.1 Introduction to Small Grains at the National Level 9.2 Segmentation, Key Issues, and Trends 9.3 Market for Alternative Grains 9.4 Demand for Small Grains and Legumes in Oregon 9.5 Consumer Spending on Grains and Legumes 9.6 Market Channels 9.7 Demand Summary 9.8 Oregon Small Grains and Legumes Production 9.9 Segmentation 9.10 Support Infrastructure for Small Grains and Legumes 9.11 Paths Forward 9.12 Conclusions 169 10. Storage Crops 10.1 Introduction to Storage Crops at the National Level 10.2 Segmentation, Key Issues, and Trends 10.3 Pricing for Storage Crops 10.4 Demand for Storage Crops in Oregon 10.5 Consumer Spending on Storage Crops 10.6 Market Channels 10.7 Demand Summary 10.8 Oregon Storage Crop Production 10.9 Oregon Storage Crop Infrastructure 10.10 Conclusions 187 11. Greens 11.1 Introduction to Greens at the National Level 11.2 Segmentation, Key Issues, and Trends 11.3 Markets for Greens 11.4 Demand for Greens in Oregon 11.5 Consumer Spending on Greens 11.6 Market Channels 11.7 Demand Summary 11.8 Oregon Greens Production 11.9 Oregon Greens Infrastructure 11.10 Conclusions 202 12. Recommendations 12.1 For Impact Investing 12.2 For Philanthropic/Governmental/Programmatic Development 12.3 For Further Research 210 13. References and Resources 13.1 Local and Regional Food System References 13.2 Oregon Background References 13.3 General References 13.4 Chicken References 13.5 Beef References 13.6 Pork References 13.7 Small Grains and Legumes References 13.8 Greens References 13.9 Storage Crop References 225 14. Appendices 14.1 Approach and Methodology 14.2 Data Narrative and Dictionary 14.3 Data Narrative Citations 14.4 Index of Maps, Figures, and Tables 14.5 Summary of Community Food System Cohort Input 1 Executive Summary ECOTRUST OREGON FOOD INFRASTRUCTURE GAP ANALYSIS 1.1. What Is the Issue? This project was proposed by Ecotrust and funded by Meyer Memorial Trust to meet three objectives on behalf of impact investors, practitioners, and policymakers: 1. To provide an overview of key supply, demand, and infrastructure drivers affecting the development of Oregon’s regional food system; 2. To illuminate aggregation, processing, and distribution infrastructure gaps inhibiting the flow of whole and minimally processed agricultural and food products from small and midscale Oregon producers to domestic wholesale food buyers, and; 3. To suggest opportunities for investment to advance the development of a robust regional food economy in Oregon. Oregon Food Infrastructure Gap 1.2. What Did the Study Find? Analysis, 2015 At the highest level, the study confirmed that food aggregation, processing, and distribution