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C:\Documents and Settings\Matt\My Documents\Flypast\Flypast 44-3.Wpd Volume 44 November 2009 Number 3 http://www.cahs.ca/chapters/toronto. Canadian Aviation Historical Society This meeting is jointly sponsored by CAHS Toronto Chapter Meeting Toronto Chapter and Canadian Air & Space November 21, 2009 Museum - All CAHS / TAM members, guests Meeting starts at 1 PM and the public (museum admission payable) are -Under the Glider- welcome to attend. Canadian Air & Space Museum, 65 Carl Hall Refreshments will be served Road, Toronto “Landing Fee” of $2.00 will be charged to cover meeting expenses Next Month's Meeting & Xmas Gift Exchange December 19, 2009 Last Month’s Meeting . 2 Chapter News – November 2009 . 8 Folded Wings ........................................8 New parking lot . 9 This Month’s Topic “Secrets of Radar Museum”. Speaker Ms Nicole Drake, Manager / Curator Secrets of Radar Museum. Photo Credit: Norman Kezie’re / Archives of Canada PA-151994. 1 Flypast V. 44 No. 3 Last Month’s Meeting subsidies to businesses, such as the German October Meeting Zeppelin company, Pan American Airways and Topic: Trans-Atlantic Aviation 1936-1939: Imperial Airways, to move the mail quickly Airships, Aircraft and Airmail across the Atlantic. Speaker: Patrick Keenan Before 1936, the only way to cross the Reporter: Gord McNulty Atlantic was in the fast, large steamships known as ocean liners. The most prominent ocean liner Our speaker, Patrick (Pat) Keenan, was of the day, the Queen Mary, came into service on introduced by CAHS Toronto Chapter Director 27 May, 1936. Owned and operated by Britain’s Gord McNulty. Pat, who is originally from the Cunard Line, it was huge --- 1,000 feet long, and United Kingdom, has lived in Canada --- mainly weighing more than 80,000 tons. It was designed in Oakville --- for 40 years. He retired from to carry more than 2,000 passengers in great Petro-Canada in 1996, after a 35-year career in luxury. A voyage from Southampton to the the oil industry, working in Trinidad, England French port of Cherbourg and on to New York and Canada. He learned to fly in the early 1980s City typically took 4.5 to five days. Considerable and held a private pilot’s licence for a number of controversy erupted as to whether airships or years. He is a very familiar figure at the aircraft (flying boats) would be the best way to Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum at find a more rapid alternative to the ocean liner. Hamilton Airport. In fact, he is a Life Member of Britain and the United States had decided to go the CWHM and has been a member for 27 years. with the flying boat, after experiencing initial Pat volunteers at the CWHM as a tour guide, success with the airship until a series of tragic speaker and historical writer. Pat, who can be accidents. In 1919, the British airship, the R-34, reached at [email protected], is also the father completed the first return crossing across the of Martin Keenan, Chapter member, presenter Atlantic in five days. In 1930, the R-100 flew to and former Chapter Secretary-Treasurer. Montreal and cruised the skies of southern Pat’s talk, illustrated with many excellent Quebec and Ontario for two weeks. But it was to slides and a display of historic airmail letters, be the last time Canada would host such a vessel. was timely in at least one way. Seventy years The crash of the R-101 in France in 1930, with ago, in June, 1939, an aircraft made the first heavy loss of life, ended Britain’s interest in commercial passenger aviation flight across the airship travel. Similarly, in the United States, Atlantic and commercial flights carrying three of four U.S. Navy airships of Zeppelin passengers and mail across the Atlantic soon design were lost in storm-related accidents. became established. Three years earlier, the Germany, meanwhile, chose the airship. As airship was the preferred means of transportation of 1936, the Deutsche Zeppelin company had had by air, and the famous Hindenburg crossed the not lost a single civilian on an airship since 1900. North Atlantic in May, 1936. In 1937, flying After many trial flights around the world, the boats were used in aircraft survey flights between Zeppelin company started a commercial service the U.K. and North America. Airmail was from Germany to Brazil in 1933, using the essential in helping trans-ocean passenger airship Graf Zeppelin. It proved to be a great aviation to develop as quickly as it did between success. By 1935 there were 10 round trips Europe and North America. The German, between Friedrichshafen and Rio de Janeiro. In American, British and later the Canadian post fact, the Zeppelin company had earlier been offices were willing to offer large financial anticipating North Atlantic service and the Flypast V. 44 No. 3 2 development of an even larger airship as early as 1931. The new airship, the LZ 129, later christened the Hindenburg, could carry 50 passengers in great luxury across the North Atlantic on a route from Frankfurt to New York. It was completed in March, 1936, cruised to Rio and then began commercial service. The passenger area was contained within the main hull of the 804-foot long airship, in a two-deck configuration aft of the control gondola. Passengers were accommodated in 25 two-berth cabins on the upper A deck. They enjoyed Hindenburg Dining Room. Credit www.airships.net spacious quarters, a first-class dining room, a lounge, a writing room, and more. The stylish Powered by four 1,200 hp diesel engines, the conditions surpassed those of any previous Hindenburg had a maximum speed of 100 miles airship. Large windows along the promenade per hour and it usually flew at relatively low deck could be opened in flight as the airship altitudes of between 500 and 4,000 feet. The gently flew along. It was said that at an altitude Hindenburg was filled with highly volatile of 500 feet, passengers could hear the sounds of hydrogen because of a U.S. embargo on spectators, reacting to the sight of the giant nonflammable helium. Crews wanted to fly the airship as it flew overhead with a gentle tailwind, airship, which was vulnerable to adverse as sound reflected upward. The kitchens, weather, at the lowest possible altitude for safety washrooms and crew quarters were on the lower reasons. Advertisements boasted of service from B deck, somewhat similar to the configuration of Germany to New York in just two days, at a cost a ship. The crew navigated the airship from the of $650 US. During the period from 1936 to control room with an elevator wheel, a rudder 1939, commercial aviation across the Atlantic, wheel, and other equipment, operating much like whether by airship or aircraft, was possible only a ship. Two crew members were required at all between May and September. (Pat underlined times to be at the controls. the tremendous achievement of Capt. Don Bennett in leading the first trans-Atlantic delivery flight of Hudson bombers from Gander, Nfld. to Ireland despite the challenges of winter weather on 10 November, 1940, showing that trans-Atlantic ferrying was indeed possible.) The Hindenburg made its first flight from Germany to the U.S. on 6 May, 1936, arriving in New York on 9 May. The first Hindenburg airmail letter was written on 9 May from the Vanderbilt Hotel in New York. A woman had seen the Hindenburg pass over the family home in Manhattan earlier in the day, and all of the LZ-129 Hindenburg in-flight photo. Credit family were awestruck by the sight. After lunch www.airships.net. at the Vanderbilt, she wrote to her friends in the 3 Flypast V. 44 No. 3 U.K. to describe the excitement. Her letter stated 35 Atlantic crossings had been flown by aircraft in part: “As everyone is going ‘mad’ over the before 1937. Proponents of the flying boat faced Hindenburg Air Mail Stamps in New York, I am challenges such as suitable harbours, refuelling, taking the liberty of sending you both just a line the need for improved radio communications, --- in case you would be interested in the stamps. navigation, and so on. In 1937, Patrick About four o’clock this morning, one could hear McTaggart-Cowan, the great Canadian the roar of airplane motors and at about five meteorologist, was assigned by the o’clock, to our great surprise, my father and I Meteorological Board of Newfoundland to saw the Hindenburg flying up and down New co-ordinate the information coming from York. It was just at break of day, not a cloud in American and British weather ships in the the sky. The lights were all burning on the ship Atlantic. He served as chief meteorologist with and it was really a thrilling sight!...” The airmail the RAF Ferry Command through the Second moved quickly for those days. It went into the World War. airship on 11 May for the return trip to Germany and was offloaded at the Frankfurt post office on 14 May. The three-day crossing established a record for trans-Atlantic postal service. Post offices in both Germany and the U.S. paid the Zeppelin company a big sum of money to subsidize this service, which continued every 10 days or so through the summer of 1936. The Hindenburg made 10 round trips between Europe and North America in 1936 and it also provided service to Brazil. The Graf Zeppelin also operated on the trans-Atlantic run, Shorts S.23 Empire Flying Boat Photo. www.imperial- and the two airships were a financial success. airways.com Plans were made to build another Imperial Airways in the U.K.
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