Professor: Roe S.I. Leader: Stephanie Schneider
Biology 211 (1) Exam 2 Worksheet! Chapter 33! Introduction to Animal Diversity Kingdom Animalia:! 1. Approximately how many different animal species are alive on Earth currently. How many those species have been described and given scientific names? a. 2. List at least three characteristics of animals. What are animals cells held together by? a. b. c. 3. ______has two sets of chromosomes, while ______has one set. 4. From the beginning of the zygote formation, list and explain the actions that occur to eventually form the gastrula. a. 5. What are the 3 embryonic tissue layers (germ layers) called? What adult tissues are formed from each of these 3 layers? a. b. c. 6. All eukaryotes have ______genes that regulate the expression of other genes. 7. Fill out the chart on the history of animal life on Earth. Era How many years ago? Major Activity
Neoproterozoic
Paleozoic
Mesozoic
Cenozoic
8. What are three of the main hypotheses of the Cambrian Explosion? a. b. c. 9. Describe the three different types of symmetry. a. Asymmetry: b. Radial: c. Bilateral:
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10. Do sponges have true tissues? 11. ______organisms only have the ectoderm and endoderm germ layers. ______organisms have all three germ layers. 12. At what developmental stage should one be able to first distinguish a diploblastic from triploblastic embryo? a. 13. What is a coelom? Draw a cross section of an acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, and coelomate animal. a. 14. Compare and contrast protostome and deuterostome development from zygote to gastrulation. Does the blastopore become the mouth or the anus in a protostome animal? a. Protostomes: b. Deuterostomes: 15. In protostome animals, the blastopore becomes the ______of the digestive system, and the cleavage is ______and ______. 16. In deuterostome animals, the blastopore becomes the ______of the digest system, and the cleavage is ______and ______. 17. Describe the difference between cleavage that is determinate and cleavage that is indeterminate. a. Determinate: b. Indeterminate: 18. What are the two major protostome clades? a.
Page 2 of 10 Professor: Roe S.I. Leader: Stephanie Schneider Chapter 34: Sponges and Cnidarians! Phylum Calcarea and Silicea:! 1. Fill out the following chart: Sponges
Phylum
Symmetry
Reproduction
Feeding System
Feeding Cell
Tissue (Yes or No)
Motility (Adult VS Larvae)
Triploplasty or Diploblasty
Ecosystem
2. Sponges are ___symmetrical. Their inner cell layer is made up of ______and the outlet layer is known as the ______. 3. What evidence is there that multicellularity originated in a sponge-like animal? What protist is the closest relative to animals? a. 4. Draw and label a simple sponge body plan.
Page 3 of 10 Professor: Roe S.I. Leader: Stephanie Schneider Phylum Cnidaria: ! 1. Fill out the following chart:
Coral/Jellyfish/Hydra
Phylum
Symmetry
Reproduction
Feeding System
Tissue (Yes or No)
Body Forms (Motility)
Triploblasty or Diploblasty
Ecosystem
2. What are the four classes of Cnidarians? a. 3. What are the two body forms of Cnidarians? a. 4. What specialized cell do cnidarians use to capture their prey? a. 5. If you went to study coral in the ocean, what body form would you see them as? a. 6. What symbiotic relationship do many corals have? a. 7. Both the polyp and medusa are what ploidy level? a.
Page 4 of 10 Professor: Roe S.I. Leader: Stephanie Schneider Chapter 34: Lophotrochozoans!
Lophotrochozoans: Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)
Ceolom type
Symmetry
Reproduction
Feeding System
Tissue (Yes or No)
Protostomes or Deuterostomes
Lophophore/Trochophore
Triploblasty or Diploblasty
Segmented (Yes/No)
Ecosystem
One Free-living Class
Three Parasitic Class 1. What is the lophophore function? Trochophore function? 2. Define cephalization: 3. What is a major difference between the body plan of a free-living and a parasitic Platyhelminthes? 4. Name at least four characteristics of parasitic Platyhelminthes. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Schistosomiasis is a debilitating disease in humans caused by ______. 6. Do tapeworms have a digestive tract? Annelida
Ceolom type
Symmetry
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Annelida
Reproduction
Feeding System
Tissue (Yes or No)
Protostomes or Deuterostomes
Lophophore/Trochophore
Triploblasty or Diploblasty
Segmented (Yes/No)
Ecosystem
Three Groups 7. What are some reasons that earthworms are ecologically important? Mollusca
Ceolom type
Symmetry
Reproduction
Feeding System
Tissue (Yes or No)
Protostomes or Deuterostomes
Lophophore/Trochophore
Triploblasty or Diploblasty
Segmented (Yes/No)
Ecosystem
Three Classes with Radula (Examples)
One Class w/o Radula (Examples) 1. Draw a general body plan of a Mollusk. Be sure to include the following: foot, mantle, shell, visceral mass, gill. 2. What is a radula? What has the radula in Cephalopoda been modified into?
Page 6 of 10 Professor: Roe S.I. Leader: Stephanie Schneider Chapter 34: Ecdysozoans! Ecydosozoans:! Nematoda Roundworms
Ceolom type
Symmetry
Feeding System
Protostomes or Deuterostomes
Triploblasty or Diploblasty
Segmented (Yes/No)
Examples of Nematoda that parasitize humans
Ecosystem 3. Nematoda are covered by an exoskeleton referred to as a ______that is made of ______. Arthropoda
Ceolom type
Symmetry
Feeding System
Protostomes or Deuterostomes
Triploblasty or Diploblasty
Segmented (Yes/No)
Four major subphyla (give examples) 1. Arthropod success and diversity is related to these four characteristics: 1. 2. 3. 4. 2. What is the most successful group of arthropods? 3. Insects have hard exoskeletons made of ______. What are three advantages to an exoskeleton? 1. Provides protection, prevents water-loss, attachment sites for muscles.
Page 7 of 10 Professor: Roe S.I. Leader: Stephanie Schneider 4. Insect have what three major adaptations that may be the key to their success? 1. 2. 3. 5. Insects consume ____% of crops in parts of Africa. U.S. farmers spend __illions each year on pesticides. 6. What is the main benefit of having jointed appendages?
Page 8 of 10 Professor: Roe S.I. Leader: Stephanie Schneider Chapter 35: Vertebrates! Deuterostomes:! 1. All chordates have what four characteristics? a. 2. What are four characteristics that vertebrates have? a. 3. Match the terms to the correct number: a. Head b. Notochord c. Lobed fins d. Milk e. Vertebral column f. Lungs/lung derivatives g. Amniotic egg h. Jaws, mineralized skeleton i. Legs
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