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Аммониты И Стратиграфия Терминальной Части Средневолжского Подъяруса Верхней Юры (Зона Epivirgatites Nikitini И Ее Аналоги) Панбореальной Надобласти

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Аммониты И Стратиграфия Терминальной Части Средневолжского Подъяруса Верхней Юры (Зона Epivirgatites Nikitini И Ее Аналоги) Панбореальной Надобласти СТРАТИГРАФИЯ. ГЕОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ КОРРЕЛЯЦИЯ, 2017, том 25, № 2, с. 72–114 УДК 551.762.33(564.534.7) АММОНИТЫ И СТРАТИГРАФИЯ ТЕРМИНАЛЬНОЙ ЧАСТИ СРЕДНЕВОЛЖСКОГО ПОДЪЯРУСА ВЕРХНЕЙ ЮРЫ (ЗОНА EPIVIRGATITES NIKITINI И ЕЕ АНАЛОГИ) ПАНБОРЕАЛЬНОЙ НАДОБЛАСТИ. СТАТЬЯ 1. ПОЗДНИЙ МОРФОГЕНЕЗ И СИСТЕМАТИКА DORSOPLANITINAE © 2017 г. Д. Н. Киселев Педагогический университет им. К.Д. Ушинского, Ярославль e-mail: [email protected] Поступила в редакцию 09.03.2016 г. Получена после доработки 16.05.2016 г. Сложности сопоставления верхней части средневолжских отложений Европейской России и Арк- тики с портландом Англии и Северной Франции во многом связаны с существующими неопреде- ленностями в систематике аммонитов подсемейства Dorsoplanitinae. Недостаточная изученность морфогенеза этой группы препятствует созданию устойчивой систематики, распознаванию парал- лелизмов, что, как следствие, снижает ее корреляционно-биостратиграфические качества. Димор- физм у дорзопланитин проявляется в различиях конечного диаметра раковин и в меньшей степени в особенностях скульптуры, тогда как характерные для многих перисфинктоидей устьевые модифи- кации у представителей данной группы не выражены. У средневолжских дорзопланитин выделяют- ся миниморфы и макроморфы, таксономически различающиеся на видовом или родовом уровне. Волжские миниморфы в основном представлены родами Epivirgatites и Lomonossovella, а макромор- фы – Titanites s.l.; в роде Taimyrosphinctes мини- и макроморфы относятся к разным подродам. Все морфологические типы волжских дорзопланитин имеют викарирующие аналоги в портланде, что может быть использовано для межрегиональной корреляции. Ключевые слова: волжский ярус, портланд, аммониты, морфогенез, диморфизм, систематика DOI: 10.7868/S0869592X17020041 ВВЕДЕНИЕ стика этих аммонитов во многом является За последние годы получено много новых условной. В первую очередь это касается так на- данных о составе аммонитовых комплексов и зываемых “гигантов” – аммонитов с большим инфразональном подразделении зоны Epivirga- диаметром раковины, часто более полуметра, вы- tites nikitini Европейской России (Киселев, Ро- деленных в особый размерный класс мегаконхов гов, 2005; Киселев и др., 2012) и ее эквивалентов (Иванов, 1971) или мегаломорфов (Buckman, 1919, в Арктике (Захаров, Рогов, 2008; Rogov, p. 6). Они близки к известным из Северо-Запад- Zakharov, 2009; Рогов, 2010). Аммониты этого ной Европы родам, в первую очередь таким как стратиграфического интервала, распространен- Titanites и Galbanites, раковины которых также ные в бореальных разрезах, относятся к подсе- достигают 0.5–1 м в диаметре. Сходство этих ам- мействам Dorsoplanitinae и Laugeitinae семей- монитов настолько велико, что крупный специа- ства Dorsoplanitidae, а также к подсемействам лист по юрским аммонитам Джон Калломон Garniericeratinae и Subcraspeditinae семейства Craspeditidae. В разрезах Европейской России утверждал (в личной переписке), что не может от- средневолжские отложения, кроме эудемичных личить портландских гигантов рода Titanites от видов, охарактеризованы также находками так- волжских мегаконхов из разреза у с. Глебово. сонов, первоначально описанных из портланда Между тем другие специалисты определяли ам- Северо-Западной Европы, а также из волжского монитов из Глебово иначе, относя их преимуще- яруса Северной Сибири. ственно к родам Epivirgatites, Lomonossovella или Среди аммонитов зоны Nikitini наиболее раз- Dorsoplanites. Данный пример показывает, что нообразны и важны для решения стратиграфиче- диагностика дорзопланитин из терминальной ча- ских задач дорзопланитины (для верхней подзо- сти средневолжского подъяруса весьма неустой- ны – лаугеитины и субкраспедитины), но диагно- чива. Сложность систематики этих родов опреде- 72 АММОНИТЫ И СТРАТИГРАФИЯ ТЕРМИНАЛЬНОЙ ЧАСТИ 73 ляется целым комплексом причин объективного рым он выделял свои типы, чаще всего происхо- и субъективного плана: дили из вторых рук (Wimbledon, 1974). Стратигра- 1. Номенклатурные причины. Название Dorso- фическая привязка этих образцов весьма неопре- planitinae было предложено У. Аркеллом (Arkell, деленна, вследствие чего предложенная Бакменом 1950) вместо названия Polytosphinctinae Schinde- последовательность аммонитовых гемер для порт- wolf, 1925, поскольку типовой род Polytosphinctes ланда оказалась малопригодной и вызвала спра- Schindewolf, 1925 является младшим объективным ведливую и даже жесткую критику У. Аркелла синонимом рода Dorsoplanites Semenov, 1898. (Arkell, 1933). Большинство таксонов Бакмена выделены по одному экземпляру, голотипу, реже Объем подсемейства Polytosphinctinae в трак- по типовой серии, состоящей из двух образцов. товке Шиндевольфа гораздо шире, чем Dorso- Многие из них, в первую очередь “гиганты” тита- planitinae Аркелла, и включает, по Аркеллу, пред- ноидной группы, имеют неудовлетворительную ставителей четырех подсемейств семейства Peri- сохранность, что создает почву для бесконечного sphinctidae Steinmann, 1890 (Dorsoplanitinae Arkell, обсуждения интерпретации таких таксонов. Со- 1950; Virgatitinae Spath, 1923; Virgatosphinctinae временные находки “титаноидных” дорзоплани- Spath, 1923; Ataxioceratinae Buckman, 1921) и двух тин могут быть соотнесены с видами Бакмена до- подсемейств семейства Berriasellidae Spath, 1922 – статочно условно, поэтому здесь допускается не- номинативного и Himalayitinae Spath, 1925. Боре- избежный произвол, часто в пользу наиболее альные и суббореальные роды, относимые О. Шин- простого и практичного решения. В разных рабо- девольфом к Polytosphinctinae, Л.Ф. Спэт (Spath, тах большая часть выделенных Бакменом родов 1931, 1936) предложил поместить в отдельное под- сводятся в синонимику родов Titanites, Galbanites семейство Pavloviinae. Именно в таком объеме по- и Glaucolithites, а некоторые сохраняются в каче- нимал Аркелл (Arkell et al., 1957) подсемейство стве подродов (Arkell et al., 1957; Wimbledon, 1974). Dorsoplanitinae. Соответственно, подсемейство Уимблдоном в неопубликованной диссертацион- Pavloviinae он рассматривал как младший объек- ной работе (Wimbledon, 1974) также были уста- тивный синоним дорзопланитин. При этом волж- новлены новые подроды, однако они не были ские и портландские роды рассматривались Ар- описаны по правилам МКЗН (Международного келлом как близкие таксоны. Однако подобная кодекса зоологической номенклатуры). Несмот- система не стала общепринятой. В работах рос- ря на имеющиеся попытки ревизии портландских сийских авторов подсемейство Dorsoplanitinae аммонитов, типы Бакмена до сих пор остаются включало в основном волжские роды, а порт- главной проблемой систематики этой группы. ландские исключались полностью (Химшиашви- Можно констатировать, что система дорзо- ли и др., 1958) или частично (Муравин, 1989; планитин к настоящему времени не доведена до Митта, 1993). В работе У. Уимблдона (Wimbledon, того уровня стабильности, который позволил бы 1974) все портландские роды помещены в подсе- решать достаточно тонкие диагностические зада- мейство Pavloviinae, в то время как характерные чи. Различные версии систематики можно рас- для волжских отложений таксоны не упоминают- сматривать лишь как точки зрения, не подкреп- ся вообще (табл. 1). ленные серьезной аргументацией. Основные Впоследствии система, предложенная Аркел- противоречия между разными моделями сводятся лом, была подвергнута ревизии европейскими спе- к различному пониманию близости портланд- циалистами (Donovan et al., 1981), которые предло- ских и волжских аммонитов. Соответственно, это жили выделять семейство Dorsoplanitidae Arkell, препятствует решению корреляционных задач. 1950, включающее три подсемейства: Dorsoplaniti- 2. Дефицит комплексного изучения. Несмотря nae Arkell, 1950, объединяющее преимущественно на то что уже более ста лет дорзопланитины ак- волжские роды; Pavloviinae Spath, 1931, в которое тивно использутся при расчленении средневолж- входят в основном портландские таксоны; Pecti- ских отложений, специальное монографическое natitinae Zeiss, 1968, состоящее из нижневолжских изучение этой группы аммонитов почти не про- родов, которые ранее помещались в подсемей- водилось. Портландские дорзопланитины моно- ство Ataxioceratinae. Несколькими годами позже графически переизучались после Бакмена сравни- Т.А. Ломинадзе и И.В. Кванталиани выделили тельно редко (Spath, 1936; Wimbledon, 1974), при- подсемейство Laugeitinae, к которому они отнес- чем результаты ревизии У. Уимблдона не были ли Laugeites, Epilaugeites и Chetates. опубликованы, за исключением небольших ста- Систематика родовых и подродовых таксонов тей в основном стратиграфического плана (Wim- также осложнена рядом проблем номенклатурно- bledon, Cope, 1978; Wimbledon, 1984). Волжские го характера. В основном это касается портланд- дорзопланитины после работ С.Н. Никитина ских аммонитов, среди которых большинство при- (1881), Н.П. Вишнякова (Vischniakoff, 1878, 1882), годных видов и родов было установлено А.О. Михальского (1890) и А.П. Павлова (Pavlow, С. Бакменом (Buckman, 1918–1927). Валидность 1890) изучались более системно и чаще, чем порт- многих таксонов Бакмена до сих пор находится ландские (Михайлов, 1966; Захаров, Месежни- под вопросом по ряду причин. Образцы, по кото- ков, 1974; Месежников, 1984; Иванов, 1975, 1979; СТРАТИГРАФИЯ. ГЕОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ КОРРЕЛЯЦИЯ том 25 № 2 2017 Таблица 1. Родовой состав подсемейства Dorsoplanitinae в различных публикациях 74 Пригодные роды Spath, 1931, 1936, Химшиашвили Wimbledon, 1974, Arkell et al., 1957 Митта, 1993 Муравин, 1989 дорзопланитин как Pavloviinae и др., 1958 как Pavloviinae Dorsoplanites Semenov, 1898 * * * * * Acuticostites Semenov, 1898 * * * * Pavlovia
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