Yearbook of Muslims in Europe Yearbook of Muslims in Europe Volume 2 Editor-in-Chief Jørgen S. Nielsen Editors Samim Akgönül Ahmet Alibašić Brigitte Maréchal Christian Moe LEIDEN • BOSTON 2010 Published with the support of This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Detailed Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data are available on the Internet at http://catalog.loc.gov ISSN 1877-1432 ISBN 978 90 04 18475 6 Copyright 2010 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. CONTENTS The Editors .......................................................................................... ix Editorial Advisers .............................................................................. xi Foreword ............................................................................................. xiii PART I COUNTRY REPORTS Edited by Jørgen S. Nielsen, Ahmet Alibašić and Brigitte Maréchal Introduction ........................................................................................ 3 Country surveys: Albania ............................................................................................ 7 Armenia .......................................................................................... 19 Austria ............................................................................................. 29 Azerbaijan ....................................................................................... 43 Belarus ............................................................................................. 57 Belgium ........................................................................................... 67 Bosnia and Herzegovina .............................................................. 89 Bulgaria ........................................................................................... 107 Croatia ............................................................................................. 115 Cyprus ............................................................................................. 125 Czech Republic .............................................................................. 141 Denmark ......................................................................................... 151 Estonia ............................................................................................. 167 Finland ............................................................................................ 173 France .............................................................................................. 183 Georgia ............................................................................................ 203 Germany ......................................................................................... 217 Greece .............................................................................................. 233 Hungary .......................................................................................... 245 Iceland ............................................................................................. 251 Ireland ............................................................................................. 259 Italy .................................................................................................. 273 Kosovo ............................................................................................. 289 vi contents Latvia ............................................................................................... 303 Liechtenstein .................................................................................. 311 Lithuania ......................................................................................... 317 Luxembourg ................................................................................... 325 Macedonia ...................................................................................... 335 Malta ................................................................................................ 343 Moldova .......................................................................................... 351 Montenegro .................................................................................... 361 Netherlands .................................................................................... 367 Norway ............................................................................................ 387 Poland .............................................................................................. 401 Portugal ........................................................................................... 413 Romania .......................................................................................... 423 Russia ............................................................................................... 435 Serbia ............................................................................................... 457 Slovakia ........................................................................................... 467 Slovenia ........................................................................................... 473 Spain ................................................................................................ 481 Sweden ............................................................................................ 497 Switzerland ..................................................................................... 511 Turkey ............................................................................................. 521 Ukraine ............................................................................................ 535 United Kingdom ............................................................................ 545 PART II ANALYSIS Edited by Samim Akgönül and Christian Moe Alevi communities in Western Europe: Identity and religious strategies .......................................................................................... 563 Elise Massicard Islam, shopping, recognition: London’s Islamic markets in a European perspective .................................................................... 593 Johan Fischer Islamic higher education in the Balkans: A survey ..................... 619 Ahmet Alibašić Islam and religious education in Bulgaria: Local tradition vis-à-vis global change .................................................................. 635 Simeon Evstatiev and Plamen Makariev contents vii Applying Shari’a in Europe: Greece as an ambivalent legal paradigm ......................................................................................... 663 Konstantinos Tsitselikis Islamic finance in Western Europe ................................................ 681 Ibrahim Zeyyad Cekici PART III BOOK REVIEWS Edited by Christian Moe and Samim Akgönül Laïcité en débat: Principes et représentations en France et en Turquie. Ed. Samim Akgönül. Strasbourg: Presses Universitaires de Strasbourg, 2008 (Ahmet T. Kuru) ............. 695 Islam in Inter-War Europe. Ed. Nathalie Clayer and Eric Germain. London: Hurst, 2008 (Christian Moe) ............ 696 Mutual Misunderstandings? Muslims and Islam in the European Media. Europe in the Media of Muslim Majority Countries. Ed. Kerem Öktem and Reem Abou-El-Fadl. Oxford: European Studies Centre, St Anthony’s College, University of Oxford, 2009 (Katharina Nötzold) .................... 699 Crime and Muslim Britain: Culture and the Politics of Criminology among British Pakistanis. By Marta Bolognani. London: I.B. Tauris, 2009 (Basia Spalek) .................................. 702 The Position of the Turkish and Moroccan Second Generation in Amsterdam and Rotterdam. Ed. Maurice Crul and Liesbeth Heering. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2008 (Thijl Sunier) ........................................................................ 705 Islam, Migration and Integration: The Age of Securitization. By Ayhan Kaya. Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009 (Niels Valdemar Vinding) ............................ 708 THE EDITORS Jørgen S. Nielsen is a Danish National Research Foundation Professor of Islamic Studies and Director, Centre for European Islamic Thought, Faculty of Theology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Previously at the University of Birmingham, he has been researching and writ- ing about Islam in Europe since 1978. He is the author of Muslims in Western Europe (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 3rd edn 2004) and co-editor of Sharia as Discourse: Legal Systems and the Encounter with Europe (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2010). Samim Akgönül, is Associate Professor at Strasbourg University and researcher at the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS). He also teaches Political Science at Syracuse University and International Relations at Galatasaray University. Among his recent publications