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Yellowstone National Park, Resources and Issues, Vegetation
VEGETATION More than 1,300 plant taxa occur in Yellowstone National Park. The whitebark pine, shown here and found in high elevations in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, is an important native species in decline. Vegetation The vegetation communities of Yellowstone National major disturbances. Yellowstone is home to three Park include overlapping combinations of species endemic plant species, at least two of which depend typical of the Rocky Mountains as well as of the on the unusual habitat created by the park’s thermal Great Plains to the east and the Intermountain region features. Most vegetation management in the park to the west. The exact vegetation community pres- is focused on minimizing human-caused impacts on ent in any area of the park reflects the consequences their native plant communities to the extent feasible. of the underlying geology, ongoing climate change, substrates and soils, and disturbances created by fire, Vegetation Communities floods, landslides, blowdowns, insect infestations, There are several vegetation communities in and the arrival of nonnative plants. Yellowstone: higher- and lower-elevation forests Today, the roughly 1,386 native taxa in the park and the understory vegetation associated with them, represent the species able to either persist in the area sagebrush-steppe, wetlands, and hydrothermal. or recolonize after glaciers, lava flows, and other Quick Facts Number in Yellowstone • Three endemic species (found only Management Issues Native plant taxa: more than 1,300: in Yellowstone): Ross’s bentgrass, • Controlling nonnative species, • Hundreds of wildfowers. Yellowstone sand verbena, which threaten native species, Yellowstone sulfur wild buckwheat. especially near developed areas; • Trees: nine conifers (lodgepole some are spreading into the Nonnative plant species: 225. -
Scientific Name Species Common Name Abies Lasiocarpa FIR Subalpine Acacia Macracantha ACACIA Long-Spine
Scientific Name Species Common Name Abies lasiocarpa FIR Subalpine Acacia macracantha ACACIA Long-spine Acacia roemeriana CATCLAW Roemer Acer grandidentatum MAPLE Canyon Acer nigrum MAPLE Black Acer platanoides MAPLE Norway Acer saccharinum MAPLE Silver Aesculus pavia BUCKEYE Red Aesculus sylvatica BUCKEYE Painted Ailanthus altissima AILANTHUS Tree-of-heaven Albizia julibrissin SILKTREE Mimosa Albizia lebbek LEBBEK Lebbek Alnus iridis ssp. sinuata ALDER Sitka Alnus maritima ALDER Seaside Alvaradoa amorphoides ALVARADOA Mexican Amelanchier laevis SERVICEBERRY Allegheny Amyris balsamifera TORCHWOOD Balsam Annona squamosa SUGAR-APPLE NA Araucaria cunninghamii ARAUCARIA Cunningham Arctostaphylos glauca MANZANITA Bigberry Asimina obovata PAWPAW Bigflower Bourreria radula STRONGBACK Rough Brasiliopuntia brasiliensis PRICKLY-PEAR Brazilian Bursera simaruba GUMBO-LIMBO NA Caesalpinia pulcherrima FLOWERFENCE NA Capparis flexuosa CAPERTREE Limber CRUCIFIXION- Castela emoryi THORN NA Casuarina equisetifolia CASUARINA Horsetail Ceanothus arboreus CEANOTHUS Feltleaf Ceanothus spinosus CEANOTHUS Greenbark Celtis lindheimeri HACKBERRY Lindheimer Celtis occidentalis HACKBERRY Common Cephalanthus occidentalis BUTTONBUSH Common Cercis canadensis REDBUD Eastern Cercocarpus traskiae CERCOCARPUS Catalina Chrysophyllum oliviforme SATINLEAF NA Citharexylum berlandieri FIDDLEWOOD Berlandier Citrus aurantifolia LIME NA Citrus sinensis ORANGE Orange Coccoloba uvifera SEAGRAPE NA Colubrina arborescens COLUBRINA Coffee Colubrina cubensis COLUBRINA Cuba Condalia globosa -
Lipiment JM POTTER MUSIC STORE
;V> jfrj.i '*-• »s& • <•' * vr( * feV: iss-tip ase;: (EgStt S ~ t -;- .jm* ip * Sfo , wj*. jfc-? >21 f- Tt'"'s' ' ^ 4 * v 1 ?^S8«s • NORWALK/CONNECTICUT, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 25, 1881. • v' '• : VOL. LXIV.-NUMBER 43 WHOLE NUMBER 1764. Discoveries In Iceland. ; r The Origin of Diptheria. j NORWALK GAZETTE, J. G. GREGORY & CO. REAL ESTATE. EKGLAITD TO AMERICA. KNOWING. ruefully explained "the deuced awkward Readman Bros., scrape" he had got himself into by speaking %'•:•$•'h Professor Horatio C. Wood, who has been PUBLISHED EVERY TUESDAY MORRINO. ' ' .' ' BY JULIA .0. It. DOltK." out at a time when common sense should have William Lee Howard has just returned Apartments to Let. James Abram Garfield. engaged with Dr. Henry Formad in re Photographers, warned him that the better part of wisdom from Iceland where he was'sent early in the Successors to EDWARD P. WEED, N the Brick Houses on Leonard street. In : : searches as to the origin of diptheria, de BORN NOVEMBER 19, 1831. -V Onesummer day, to a young child Isaid, was to remain silent. summer by the American Geographical So The Second Oldest Paper in the State. t quire at LEONARD'S COAL OFFICIO. livered a lecture upon the subject before the No. 38 Wall Street, Norwalk, Ct., GAZETTE BUI1DINS, NORWAIK DIED PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES 9BP- "Write to thy mother, boy." With earn "Ob, was there ever anything so vexing ?" ciety in order to settle some disputed points Views of Residences taken at short notice; Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadel ^ , V, S TEMBER 19, 1881. -
Guide Alaska Trees
x5 Aá24ftL GUIDE TO ALASKA TREES %r\ UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE Agriculture Handbook No. 472 GUIDE TO ALASKA TREES by Leslie A. Viereck, Principal Plant Ecologist Institute of Northern Forestry Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station ÜSDA Forest Service, Fairbanks, Alaska and Elbert L. Little, Jr., Chief Dendrologist Timber Management Research USD A Forest Service, Washington, D.C. Agriculture Handbook No. 472 Supersedes Agriculture Handbook No. 5 Pocket Guide to Alaska Trees United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Washington, D.C. December 1974 VIERECK, LESLIE A., and LITTLE, ELBERT L., JR. 1974. Guide to Alaska trees. U.S. Dep. Agrie., Agrie. Handb. 472, 98 p. Alaska's native trees, 32 species, are described in nontechnical terms and illustrated by drawings for identification. Six species of shrubs rarely reaching tree size are mentioned briefly. There are notes on occurrence and uses, also small maps showing distribution within the State. Keys are provided for both summer and winter, and the sum- mary of the vegetation has a map. This new Guide supersedes *Tocket Guide to Alaska Trees'' (1950) and is condensed and slightly revised from ''Alaska Trees and Shrubs" (1972) by the same authors. OXFORD: 174 (798). KEY WORDS: trees (Alaska) ; Alaska (trees). Library of Congress Catalog Card Number î 74—600104 Cover: Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis)., the State tree and largest in Alaska, also one of the most valuable. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402—Price $1.35 Stock Number 0100-03308 11 CONTENTS Page List of species iii Introduction 1 Studies of Alaska trees 2 Plan 2 Acknowledgments [ 3 Statistical summary . -
Michigan Agricultural College Association 2 the M
i'%^- 11! L.; $*W '..'£&?•>.;. -... -JB IMP Published by the lift Michigan Agricultural College Association 2 THE M. A. C. RECORD. Northeast Michigan. President—E. C. Geyer, '13, 511 Perry St., THE M. A. C. RECORD Saginaw, W. S. Entered as second-class matter October 30, Vice President—Roscoe W. Rice, '17, 615 1916, at the post office at East Lansing, N. Farragut St., Bay City Michigan, under the Act of Secretary—Dan H. Ellis, '07, 616 Owen St., March 3, 1879. Saginaw. Treasurer—Z. E. Colbv, '09, 213 Fraser St., Published every Friday during the College Bay City. Year by the Michigan Agricultural Lenawee County. College Association. President—C. L. Coffeen, '12, Adrian. Secretary—-Jessie Illenden, '19, Adrian. H. E. Thomas, '85, Lansing - President St. Joseph County. H. B. Gunnison, '00, Detroit, Vice President President^W. T. Langley, '82, Constan- J. H. Prost, '04, Chicago - - Treasurer tine, R. F. D. C. W. McKibbin, '11, Lansing, Secy.—Sam Hagenbuck, '10, Three Rivers. Secretary and Editor Berrien County. May E. Foley, '18 - Assistant Secretary President—Charles Richards, Benton Har Members of Executive Committee. bor, R. R. Fair Plains. Elected at Large: Vice-President—Beatrice Jakway, '17. C. S. Langdon; '11, Hubbardston. Secretary—Kittie Handy, '16, Court House, A. C. Anderson, '06, Flint. St. Joseph. Mrs. Helen Esselstyn Wood, '09, Lansing. Treasurer—Willard Sanborn, '13. Livingston County. MEMBERSHIP IN THE M. A. C. ASSOCIA President, G. P. Burkhart, '10, Fowlerville. TION which includes subscription to Secretary, F. S. Dunks, '05, Court House, the Record, $2.00 PER YEAR. Howell. Make Remittances payable to the M. -
Site Basic Report 7/11/2006
Site Basic Report 7/11/2006 Site Code BCD S.USIDHP*688 Site Class Standard site Name DOME LAKE Defining Managed Area DOME LAKE RNA State/Province Idaho Directions Dome Lake RNA lies at the northern end of the Bighorn Crags in the Salmon River Mountains, about 3 miles (4.8 km) south of the Salmon River, at a point about 17 miles (27.5 km) southwest of Shoup. | Access to the RNA is possible via several routes, none of which are quick and easy. One route follows: From the town of North Fork, head west on the Salmon River Road 033 for about 36 miles (58 km). The western trailhead for FS Trail 172 is on the south side of the Salmon River between river miles 201 and 202 (opposite of Colson Creek RNA), just west of the junction with FS Road 123 (Colson Creek Road). From the trailhead, FS Trail 172 heads south, switchbacking up the ridge west of Shell Creek and gaining about 5000 feet (1524 m) in elevation over about three air miles (4.8 km) as it climbs to an area just below the Horse Heaven Lookout. Just southeast of the lookout, FS Trail 172 joins the ridgeline that defines the western boundary of the RNA. Other routes include FS Trail 021 from Crags Campground, approximately a 10 mile hike (16 km), and the eastern trailhead of 172 which leaves from near the junction of the Salmon River Road 033 and Panther Creek Road 055. Minimum Elevation: 4,700 Feet 1,433 Meters Maximum Elevation: 9,316 Feet 2,840 Meters Site Description Dome Lake RNA contains the entire upper portion of the Lake Creek watershed. -
SC Trees & Shrubs
Alaska Department of Natural Resources / Division of Forestry / Community Forestry Program 550 W. 7th Ave., Ste. 1450 / Anchorage, AK 99501 / 269-8466 / http://forestry.alaska.gov/community Trees & Shrubs for South Central Alaska The following trees and shrubs are growing successfully in south central Alaska. Each has specific requirements and should be planted where conditions and space allow it to be healthy and safe. For a complete list of plants, descriptions, limitations, requirements, and hardiness, see www.alaskaplants.org. For information on selecting and planting trees, see http://forestry.alaska.gov/community/publications.htm. Deciduous Trees Acer glabrum var. douglasii – Douglas maple Acer negundo – Boxelder Acer platanoides – Norway maple Acer rubrum – Red maple Acer tataricum var. ginnala – Amur maple Betula papyrifera – Paper birch Betula pendula – European white birch Crataegus – Hawthorn Fraxinus manshurica – Manchurian ash Fraxinus nigra – Black ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica – Green ash Larix – Larch, tamarack Malus – Apple, crabapple Populus balsamifera – Balsam poplar Populus tremula – Swedish columnar aspen Populus tremuloides, Aspen Populus trichocarpa – Cottonwood Prunus cerasus ‘Evans’ – Cherry Prunus maackii – Amur chokecherry Prunus pennsylvanica – Pin cherry Pyrus ussuriensis – Ussurian pear Quercus macrocarpa – Bur oak Sorbus aucuparia – Mountainash Syringa reticulata – Japanese tree lilac Tilia Americana – American linden, basswood Tilia cordata - Littleleaf linden Evergreen Tree Abies concolor – White fir Abies -
TREES AS CROPS in ALASKA PROFILE with an EMPHASIS on SPRUCE Revised 2009
TREES AS CROPS IN ALASKA PROFILE WITH AN EMPHASIS ON SPRUCE Revised 2009 Robert A. Wheeler Thomas R. Jahns Janice I. Chumley PRODUCTION FACTS Growing trees in Alaska can be difficult. This document addresses basic questions regarding growing tree seedlings as an agricultural crop. Whether growing a few seedlings or thousands, many of the basic production questions are the same. From the standpoint of tree seedling production there are three basic regions in Alaska: Southeast, South Central, and the Interior. Producing high quality tree seedlings is 4-H Tree Sale in Soldotna, AK May 2003 achievable in all three regions however care must (photo/Bob Wheeler). be taken to match tree species requirements with local environmental conditions. Through the efforts of the University of Alaska Fairbanks and the Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station, many tree species have been evaluated over the past 100 years for their performance. Results from these species trials have led to the listing of tree species, growth characteristics, and site requirements found in Table 1. DEMAND Interest in tree production can vary from growing trees for your yard or property to full scale outdoor or greenhouse, bareroot, or container nurseries. Tree planting and tree sales continue to be of considerable interest to the public although there are no large-scale commercial tree nurseries currently operating in Alaska. A state tree nursery was once operated in the Matanuska Valley area, but it has been closed. Reasons for the closure were based upon the high cost of producing seedlings in Alaska versus what it would cost to import them from nurseries outside the state and also, the overall operational difficulties and risks associated with an Alaska nursery program. -
Subalpine Fir (Bl)- Abies Lasiocarpa
Subalpine fir (Bl)- Abies lasiocarpa Tree Species > Subalpine fir Page Index Distribution Range and Amplitiudes Tolerances and Damaging Agents Silvical Characteristics Genetics and Notes BC Distribution of Subalpine fir (Bl) Range of Subalpine fir Old-growth, subalpine fir stands cover a large area of the ESSF zone, particularly in wetter areas, such as northwest of Smithers Geographic Range and Ecological Amplitudes Description Subalpine fir is a medium - to large-sized (exceptionally >40 m tall), evergreen conifer, at maturity with a low-taper stem, narrow, dense, cylindrical crown, with a spire-like top, short, drooping branches, and grayish-brown bark, breaking into irregular scales with age. Its light, soft, odorless wood is used mainly for lumber. Geographic Range Geographic element: Western North American/mainly Cordilleran and less Pacific Distribution in Western North America: (central) in the Pacific region; north, central, and south in the Cordilleran region Ecological Amplitudes Climatic amplitude: (alpine tundra) - continental subalpine boreal - montane boreal - (cool temperate) Orographic amplitude: montane - subalpine - (alpine) Occurrence in biogeoclimatic zones: (lower AT), submaritime MH, SWB, ESSF, MS, (BWBS), SBS, (upper IDF), upper ICH, (wetter submaritime CWH) Subalpine fir grows mainly in humid, continental boreal climates, with a short growing season; less frequently in cool temperate climates, with a longer growing season. When these climates become drier and/or warmer, subalpine fir is absent or its occurrence is rare (e.g., in the SBPS and PP zones). Edaphic Amplitude Range of soil moisture regimes: (moderately dry) - slightly dry - fresh - moist - very moist - wet Range of soil nutrient regimes: very poor - poor - medium - rich - very rich Field studies indicate that subalpine fir is most vigorous on moist and rich sites, with calcium - and magnesium-rich soils such as those derived from basaltic or limestone parent materials. -
Examples of Forest Habitat Types in Montana
EXAMPLES OF FOREST HABITAT TYPES IN MONTANA Published as part of Forest Habitat Types of Montana, 1977 USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, Utah (This group of images was presented as a poster in the printed version of this document.) Pinus flexilislAgropyron spica tum h .t. Dry, rocky W. slope (4,900 ft) near Whitehall supporting Pinus Ilexilis, Juniperus scopulorum, and scattered Pseudotsuga. Pseudorsuga menziesiil Vaccinium globulare h. t. (Arctostaphylos phase) S. exposure (4,700 ft) in a relatively most area of west-central Montana. Seral Pinus ponderosa is an overstory dominant; Vaccinium and Xerophyllum dominate the undergrowth. Pinus ponderosa1A ropyron spicatum h.t. Steep SW. slope (4,500 ft) near Missoula. ?inusponderosa is a long-lived seral dominant. Pseudotsuga menziesii ILinnaea borealis h.t. (Symphoricarpos phase) Valley bottom (2,600 It) in NW. Montana. Larix occidentalis is the dominant seral tree. Pinus ponderosal Prunus virginiana h. t . (Prunus phase) Lower N. slope (4,000 ft) near Ashland. Prunus has been browsed back by deer. Pseudotsu a menziesiilSymphoricarpos albus h.t. (Calamagrostis p$I ase) W. slope (7,050 ft) in south-central Montana. Pseudotsuga is dominant in all size classes. Undergrowth is dominated by symphoricarP6s, Calamagrostis, and Carex geyeri, with numerous forbs. Pseudo tsuga menziesiilA#rop yron spica tum h .t . Steep S. slope(5,650 ft) in west-central ontana Soil is loose and gravelly; much of ground surface is exposed, partly because of grazing. Pseudo tsuga menziesiiICalamagros tis rubescens h.t. (Calamagrostis phase) SE. slope (6,300 ft) in west-central Montana. Typical park-like stand of old-growthPseudotsuga, with dense mat of Calamagrostis and Arnica cordifolia beneath. -
Effects of Ozone and Water Stress on Plant Growth and Physiology
Effects of Ozone and Water Stress on Plant Growth and Physiology by Sarah Rosemary Davidson This thesis is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and for the Diploma of Imperial College Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine University of London July 1990 1 Abstract The aim of this project was to investigate the combined effects of ozone and water stress on the growth and physiology of V id a fa b and a Fagus sylvatica. In a series of experiments V i d a fa b was a exposed to ozone for one week, and to water stress for two weeks. Exposure to ozone either preceded, or coincided with, the first day of exposure to water stress. Exposure to ozone resulted in increased leaf conductance, and in some experiments, stimulated shoot growth, although there was no effect of ozone on rootrshoot partitioning. Water stress either had no effect on plant responses to ozone, or reduced the positive impact of ozone. The timing of exposure to ozone and water stress influenced the degree of visible ozone injury and the occurrence of ozone/water stress interactions on gas exchange, but not growth. From June to September 1988, Fagus sylvatica saplings were exposed to episodes of ozone and simultaneous water stress followed by ’recovery’ periods. This study was designed to determine dose-response relationships over a range of ozone concentrations typical of different British summers. Ozone-induced increases in leaf conductance and photosynthesis occurred only in water stressed plants. Root weight measured in the subsequent spring was reduced by ozone in well watered plants, but increased by ozone in water stressed plants. -
Environment and Woody Plants
'ESEARCH PAPER 45 DECEMBER 1981 SD Or17 y Unbound issue 1 ' `I oC 13 Does not circulate< ENVIRONMENT AND i SHOOT GROWTH OF WOODY PLANTS D.P. LAVENDER I f'O AIJG2000,, UlyJ °STTF i9s ,yon a''. 0 lt£062 0 FOREJI REIEARcH LAB SCHOOL OF FORESTRY OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY Since1941,theForest Research Laboratory --part oftheSchoolofForestryat Oregon State University in Corvallis--has been studying forests and why they are like they are. A staff of more than50 scientists conducts researchto provide information for wise public andprivate decisions on managing andusing Oregon'sforest resources and operatingits wood-usingIndustries. Because of thisresearch,Oregon'sforests now yield more in the way of woodproducts, water, forage, wildlife,andrecreation. Wood products are harvested, processed,and used moreefficiently. Employment,productivity, and profitability In industries dependent on forests also have beenstrengthened. And this research has helped Oregon to maintain a quality environment forIts people. Much researchis done in the Laboratory's facilities on the campus.But field experiments Inforest genetics, young-growthmanagement, foresthydrology,harvesting methods,and reforestation are conducted on 12,000 acres of School forests adjacent to the campus and on lands of public and private cooperating agencies throughout the Pacific Northwest. With thesepublications,the Forest Research Laboratory supplies the results of its research toforestland owners and managers,to manufacturers and users of forest products, to leaders of government andIndustry,and to the general public. As a RESEARCH PAPER, this publicationIs one of series that describes a completed study or experiment or lists publications on a specific basis. The Author DenisP.Lavender is professor of forestphysiology,Department of ForestScience,School of Forestry,Oregon StateUniversity.