Politics and Aesthetics in European Baroque and Classicist Tragedy Drama and Theatre in Early Modern Europe Editor-in-Chief Jan Bloemendal (Huygens Institute for the History of the Netherlands) Editorial Board Cora Dietl ( Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen) Peter G.F. Eversmann (University of Amsterdam) Jelle Koopmans (University of Amsterdam) Russell J. Leo (Princeton University) volume 5 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/dtem Politics and Aesthetics in European Baroque and Classicist Tragedy Edited by Jan Bloemendal Nigel Smith leiden | boston This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the cc-by-nc License, which permits any non-commercial use, and distribution, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. The publication ​of this volume in open access was made possible partly by a grant from the nwo funded project ‘Transnational Communication and Public Opinion in Early Modern Europe’. Cover illustration: The actor Jan Punt as Apollo delivers a speech for stadholder Prince William v and Princess Wilhelmina van Pruisen, 1768, After a print by S. Fokke, in Historie van den Amsterdamschen Schouwburg (History of the City Theatre of Amsterdam; Warnars and Den Hengst, Amsterdam, 1772), Private collection. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Bloemendal, Jan, 1961- editor. | Smith, Nigel, 1958- editor. Title: Politics and aesthetics in European baroque and classicist tragedy / Edited by Jan Bloemendal, Nigel Smith. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2016. | Series: Drama and theatre in early modern Europe, ISSN 2211-341X ; volume 5 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016019815 (print) | LCCN 2016026594 (ebook) | ISBN 9789004323414 (hardback : alk. paper) | ISBN 9789004323421 (e-book) | Subjects: LCSH: European drama–17th century–History and criticism. | European drama (Tragedy)–Classical influences. | Latin drama (Tragedy)–History and criticism. | Politics in literature. | Aesthetics in literature. Classification: LCC PN1892 .P65 2016 (print) | LCC PN1892 (ebook) | DDC 809.2/512094–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016019815 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 2211-341X isbn 978-90-04-32341-4 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-32342-1 (e-book) Copyright 2016 by the Editors and Authors. Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing. Koninklijke Brill nv reserves the right to protect the publication against unauthorized use and to authorize dissemination by means of offprints, legitimate photocopies, microform editions, reprints, translations, and secondary information sources, such as abstracting and indexing services including databases. Requests for commercial re-use, use of parts of the publication, and/or translations must be addressed to Koninklijke Brill nv. This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner. Contents List of Illustrations vii About the Authors viii Introduction 1 Jan Bloemendal and Nigel Smith part 1 Sovereignty 1 What Roman Paradigm for the Dutch Republic? Baroque Tragedies and Ambiguities Concerning Dominium and Torture 43 Frans-Willem Korsten 2 Grotius among the Dagonists: Joost van den Vondel’s Samson, of Heilige Wraeck, Revenge and the Ius Gentium 75 Russ Leo 3 Performing the Medieval Past: Vondel’s Gysbreght van Aemstel (1637) 103 Freya Sierhuis part 2 Religion 4 Political Martyrdom at the English College in Rome 135 Howard B. Norland 5 Historical Tragedy and the End of Christian Humanism: Nicolaus Vernulaeus (1583–1649) 152 James A. Parente, Jr. 6 The Baroque Tragedy of the Roman Jesuits: Flavia and Beyond 182 Blair Hoxby vi contents part 3 Ethics 7 Mortal Knowledge: Akrasia in English Renaissance Tragedy 221 Emily Vasiliauskas 8 A fabulis ad veritatem: Latin Tragedy, Truth and Education in Early Modern England 239 Sarah Knight 9 The Political Theater and Theatrical Politics of Andrea Giacinto Cicognini: Il Don Gastone di Moncada (1641) 260 Tatiana Korneeva 10 French Tragedy during the Seventeenth Century: From Cruelty on a Scaffold to Poetic Distance on Stage 294 Christian Biet part 4 Mobility 11 German Trauerspiel and Its International Nexus: On the Migration of Poetic Forms 319 Joel B. Lande 12 The Politics of Mobility: Shakespeare’s Titus Andronicus, Jan Vos’s Aran en Titus and the Poetics of Empire 344 Helmer Helmers 13 French Classicism in Jesuit Theater Poetics of the Eighteenth Century 373 Nienke Tjoelker 14 Scenario of Terror: Royal Violence and the Origins of Russian Tragic Drama 398 Kirill Ospovat Index 429 List of Illustrations 1.1 Nicolaus Knüpfer, ‘Brothelscene’ or ‘Theatrical Scene from Messalina and Gaius Silius Representing the Marriage’, ca. 1645–ca. 1655 63 1.2 Illustration vii from Jan Vos, Aran en Titus (ed. 1648) 70 12.1 Jan Vos, Aran en Titus, title page (1641) 346 12.2 Artus Quellinus, Portrait of the Amsterdam Burgomaster Andries de Graeff as Roman Consul (1661) 360 12.3 Joachim Wtewael, The Dutch Virgin Trampled (ca. 1612) 369 12.4 Hans Collaert, Beclaginghe der Nederlantscher verwoestinghe = Belgicae delaceratae lamentatio = Complaintes des desoles paijs bas (ca. 1577) 370 About the Authors Christian Biet Ph.D. (1980) is a Professor of the history and aesthetics of theater at the Uni- versité de Paris Ouest-Nanterre and the Institut Universitaire de France (iuf), specialized in seventeenth-century literature, history of ideas and the theater of the Ancien Régime. Among his publications are Le Miroir du Soleil (1989 and 2000), Œdipe en monarchie: Tragédie et théorie juridique à l’Âge classique (1994), Racine ou le Passion des larmes (1996), La tragédie (1997), Droit et littérature sous l’Ancien Régime, le jeu de la valeur et de la loi (2002), editions of Corneille’s Cid (2001) and Cinna (2003), and, with Christophe Triau, Qu’est-ce que le théâtre? (2006). Jan Bloemendal Ph.D. (1997) in Neo-Latin literature, Utrecht University, is a senior researcher at the Huygens Institute for the History of the Netherlands of the Royal Nether- lands Academy of Arts and Sciences. From 2006–2012 he was a Professor by special appointment of Neo-Latin Studies at the University of Amsterdam. He was editor or co-editor of Joost van den Vondel (1587–1679): Dutch Playwright in the Golden Age (2012), Neo-Latin Drama and Theatre in Early Modern Europe (2013); Brill’s Encyclopaedia of the Neo-Latin World (2014) and Bilingual Europe (2015). He also edited G.J. Vossius, Poeticae institutiones (2010). Furthermore, he wrote a history of the use of Latin through the ages (2016). Helmer Helmers Ph.D. (2011) at the University of Leiden (cum laude) is lecturer in Early Modern Dutch Literature and nwo Research Fellow at the University of Amsterdam. He has published widely on Anglo-Dutch cultural and literary exchange in the seventeenth century. His monograph The Royalist Republic (Cambridge University Press, 2015) analyses Dutch debates on the English Civil Wars and regicide. His current research project focuses on transnational publicity during the Thirty Years’ War. Blair Hoxby Ph.D. (1998) in English literature, Yale University, is Associate Professor of English at Stanford University. Among his publications are Mammon’s Music: Literature and Economics in the Age of Milton (2002), What was Tragedy? Theory and the Early Modern Canon (2015) and, as co-editor, Milton in the Longe Restau- ration (2016). His research interest include Milton, the English Civil Wars, the about the authors ix Restoration, Renaissance and Enlightenment theater, tragedy and tragic theory, early opera, and performance theory. Sarah Knight Ph.D. (2002) in Renaissance Studies, Yale University, is Professor of Renaissance Literature at the University of Leicester. Her main interests are in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century literature, particularly works written in or about institu- tions of learning (schools, universities, Inns of Court). She has translated and co-edited Leon Battista Alberti’s Momus for the I Tatti Renaissance Library (2003). With Stefan Tilg, she recently edited The Oxford Handbook of Neo-Latin Literature (2015). Tatiana Korneeva Ph.D. (2008) in Classics, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, is Research Fel- low at the Freie Universität Berlin and a member of the erc-funded project Early Modern Drama and the Cultural Net (‘DramaNet’), 2010–2016. She is the author of ‘Alter et ipse’: Identità e duplicità nel sistema dei personaggi della Tebaide di Stazio (2011). Her research interests include early modern political thought, the reception of the classical tradition, the history of theater in com- parative perspective (1400–1800), and opera studies. She is currently working on a book about the interaction between political discourse, spectatorship, and the emergent public sphere in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Italian theater. Frans-Willem Korsten Ph.D. (1998) in Cultural Analysis, University of Amsterdam, is Professor by special appointment of Literature and Society at the Erasmus School for His- tory, Culture and Communication, and Senior lecturer at the Leiden University Institute for Cultural Disciplines. Among his publications are Sovereignty as Inviolability: Vondel’s Theatrical Explorations in the Dutch Republic (2009) and Joost van den Vondel (1587–1679) (2012). Joel B. Lande Ph.D. (2010) in Germanic studies, University of Chicago, on a dissertation enti- tled ‘Nomadic Stages: On the