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Investigación 2020 Robotica Con Centro Regional de Usulután Unidad de Investigación Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología Portafolio de Proyectos para el Robot Humanoide Nao Informe de Investigación Pedro Antonio Villalta Marinero Marvin Osmaro Parada Benítez El Salvador, 2020 ÍNDICE 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ................................................................................................................... 6 2. JUSTIFICACIÓN .................................................................................................................... 9 3. OBJETIVOS .......................................................................................................................... 11 3.1 Objetivo general ...............................................................................................................11 3.2 Objetivos específicos .......................................................................................................11 4. METODOLOGÍA .................................................................................................................. 11 5. RESULTADOS ..................................................................................................................... 23 6. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIONES ....................................................................................... 52 7. REFERENCIAS..................................................................................................................... 56 8. AGRADECIMIENTOS ......................................................................................................... 60 9. ANEXOS ............................................................................................................................... 61 Anexo 1: Composición de indicadores ..................................................................................61 Anexo 2: Cuestionario interés por la programación y robótica .............................................71 Anexo 3: Cuestionario conocimientos en robótica ................................................................76 Anexo 4: Validación de instrumento con Inflesz ...................................................................78 Anexo 5: Formato para validación de instrumento con método variables individuales ........82 Anexo 6: Resultados de validación con método de variables individuales. ..........................83 Anexo 7: Cuaderno de cátedra. ..............................................................................................87 Historia ...............................................................................................................................87 Países más desarrollados en robótica .................................................................................91 Robots humanoides ............................................................................................................96 Robot humanoide NAO ....................................................................................................107 Robótica Educativa ...........................................................................................................112 pág. 2 ÍNDICE DE TABLAS Tabla 1: Indicadores de la investigación ....................................................................................11 Tabla 2. Definición conceptual y operacional ...........................................................................12 Tabla 3. Dimensiones, áreas e indicadores ................................................................................13 Tabla 4: Puntuación de la escala Flesch ....................................................................................17 Tabla 5: Puntuación de escala de Flesch-Szigrizt-Pazoz ...........................................................17 Tabla 6: Puntuación de escala de Fernández Huerta .................................................................18 Tabla 7: Resumen de resultados pretest y postest ......................................................................23 Tabla 8: Plugin de WordPress ...................................................................................................26 Tabla 9: Temas del cuaderno de cátedra de robótica .................................................................28 Tabla 10: Temas de introducción a la programación de NAO (anexo 7). .................................28 Tabla 11: Tabla resumen de la dimensión 3. Pretest .................................................................41 Tabla 12: Tabla resumen de la dimensión 3. Postest .................................................................43 Tabla 13: Correlación bivariada entre variables dominio de programación y robótica .............54 Tabla 14: Resumen de resultados pretest ...................................................................................54 Tabla 18: Indicador 1 acciones para cuidar el medio ambiente. ................................................61 Tabla 19: Indicador 2 cantidad de beneficiados. .......................................................................62 Tabla 20: Indicador 3 efectividad del portafolio .......................................................................64 Tabla 21: Indicador 4 cantidad de proyectos .............................................................................67 Tabla 22: Indicador 5 aplicaciones del robot NAO ...................................................................68 Tabla 23: Análisis de métricas instrumento de investigación ....................................................78 Tabla 24: Dimensión 1. Preguntas generales .............................................................................79 Tabla 25: Dimensión 2. Conocimientos de programación ........................................................80 Tabla 26: Dimensión 3. Conocimientos de robótica ..................................................................81 Tabla 27: Generaciones de la robótica. ......................................................................................89 Tabla 28: Eventos históricos de la robótica. ..............................................................................90 Tabla 29: Modelos del robot humanoide REEM. ....................................................................102 Tabla 30: Resumen de características técnicas del robot NAO. ..............................................111 pág. 3 ÍNDICE DE ILUSTRACIONES Ilustración 1: Demostración de análisis con escalas Inflesz y Szigriszt ....................................18 Ilustración 2: Demostración de análisis con escala Fernández Huerta ......................................19 Ilustración 3: Plantilla WordPress para contenidos educativos .................................................25 Ilustración 4: Ilustración 4: Plantilla WordPress .......................................................................26 Ilustración 5. resultados por genero ...........................................................................................29 Ilustración 6: Edades de los participantes ..................................................................................29 Ilustración 7: Dominio de programación ...................................................................................30 Ilustración 8: Dominio de la robótica ........................................................................................30 Ilustración 9: Recursos disponibles para el aprendizaje ............................................................31 Ilustración 10: Conocimiento lenguajes de programación ........................................................31 Ilustración 11: Dominio lenguajes de programación .................................................................32 Ilustración 12: Áreas de importancia en robótica ......................................................................32 Ilustración 13: Razones para aprender a programar robots .......................................................33 Ilustración 14: Actividades de interés relacionadas con robótica ..............................................33 Ilustración 15: Áreas de aplicación de la robótica .....................................................................34 Ilustración 16: Interés en proyectos de robótica. .......................................................................34 Ilustración 17: Diagnóstico de participación en proyectos ........................................................35 Ilustración 18: Resultados del ítem 1. ........................................................................................46 Ilustración 19: Resultados del ítem 2. ........................................................................................47 Ilustración 20: Resultados del ítem 3. ........................................................................................47 Ilustración 21: Resultados del ítem 4. ........................................................................................48 Ilustración 22: Resultados del ítem 5. ........................................................................................49 Ilustración 23: Resultados del ítem 6. ........................................................................................49 Ilustración 24: Resultados del ítem 7. ........................................................................................50 Ilustración 25: Resultados del ítem 8. ........................................................................................51 Ilustración 26: Resultados del ítem 9. ........................................................................................52
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