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Etimología De Los Géneros De Plantas En Puerto Rico

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Etimología De Los Géneros De Plantas En Puerto Rico Etimología de los géneros de plantas en Puerto Rico JOSÉ A. MARI MUT Derechos de autor En la portada, flor de maga, árbol endémico de Puerto Rico, acuarela por Agustín Stahl, padre de la botánica y de la historia natural en Puerto Rico, único puertorriqueño con un género de plantas a su nombre (Stahlia). © 2016 edicionesdigitales.info Esta obra puede copiarse y distribuirse libremente para propósitos académicos, sin fines de lucro. i Introducción Esta obra presenta la etimología de los géneros de plantas reportados de Puerto Rico. Intenta presentar sería una mejor forma de expresarlo, porque aunque conocemos con certeza el origen y el significado de muchos nombres genéricos, muchos otros no fueron explicados por sus autores, dando origen a intentos por descifrarlos que en no pocos casos han oscurecido más que aclarado la intención del autor. También hay casos donde los autores sí explicaron los nombres, pero investigadores posteriores sin acceso a la literatura original los han interpretado mal. Finalmente, hay un grupo de nombres que los autores no explicaron y que nadie ha podido explicar. Gracias a Biodiversity Heritage Library, Internet Archive y Google Books, hoy es posible consultar la mayoría de las publicaciones originales, aclarar errores e incluso realizar aportaciones nuevas; véanse, por ejemplo los generos Castela, Cypselea, Danaea, Henriettea, Hieronyma, Lucya, Monstera, Orthosia, Pecluma, Sidastrum, Triphora, Xanthosoma y Xenostegia. La primera lista de géneros se obtuvo de Flora de la isla de Puerto Rico, luego de lo cual se buscó en Flora of the West Indies para identificar géneros no incluidos en el primer recurso, entontrándose: Acanthocereus, Anthemis, Aploleia, Capparidastrum, Cantinoa, Condea, Ditaxis, Guilandina, Harpulia, Mnesithea, Quadrella, Steinchisma y Strophanthus. Luego se repitió lo mismo con A Systematic Vademecum to the Vascular Plants of Puerto Rico, incluyendo una actualización hasta el 1 de junio de 2016 amablemente provista por el autor (F. S. Axelrod), añadiéndose: Acianthrea, Anathallis, Ascogrammitis, Alansmia, Coleataenia, Cydista, Dysphania, Fridericia, Gleichenella, Gomidesia, Luziola, Margaritaria, Mesosphaerum, Mickelia, Moranopteris, Mycopteris, Myriopteris, Neolaugeria, Neoregnellia, Orthopappus, Orthosia, Physostemon, Quisqualis, Stenogrammitis, Talipariti, Telmatoblechnum, Thrinax y Werauhia. Los primeros 2 dos recursos incluyen una cantidad sustancial de plantas cultivadas pero dejan fuera otras que son, por así decirlo, aún más cultivadas; a modo de muestra aquí se añaden diez: Bismarckia, Canavillesia, Corypha, Cyrtostachys, Dimocarpus, Hypophorbe, Nephelium, Poinsettia, Seemannia y Wodyetia, para un total de 1384 nombres genéricos. La información que aparece inmediatamente después del nombre del género se obtuvo de las tres grandes obras de Umberto Quattrocchi: CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names (2000), CRC World Dictionary of Grasses (2006) y CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants (2012), con la excepción de los siguientes nombres, que no aparecen en estas obras o aparecen sin mención de la etimología: Acnistus, Adelia, Adonidia, Agalinis, Agdestis, Alansmia, Allotoonia, Amphitecna, Ananthacorus, Anechites, Anetium, Arivela, Ascogrammitis, Badiera, Banara, Barbieria, Berylsimpsonia, Blutaparon, Bonellia, Bontia, Borrichia, Bourreria, Brasiliopuntia, Brya, Callistephus, Cantinoa, Cheilocostus, Chusquea, Cleoserrata, Clibadium, Cojoba, Condea, Corymbia, Critonia, Ditta, Doyerea, Eriosorus, Ernodea, Exothea, Fioria, Ginoria, Goetzea, Gomidesia, Graffenrieda, Gundlachia, Gyminda, Haenianthus, Handroanthus, Hemiscola, Henriettea, Landoltia, Lellingeria, Lepidaploa, Leucothrynax, Libidibia, Lucya, Machaonia, Marlierea, Matelea, Mecranium, Megalastrum, Mickelia, Moorochloa, Moranopteris, Mosiera, Mycopteris, Myriopteris, Myriopus, Myrosma, Neolamarckia, Olfersia, Ossaea, Pfaffia, Pictetia, Pinochia, Pinzona, Prockia, Psiguria, Quadrella, Radiovittaria, Reynosia, Rochefortia, Sabicea, Samyda, Schaefferia, Schlegelia, Steinchisma, Stenogrammitis, Sticherus, Struchium, Strumpfia, Sudamerlycaste, Tamonea, Tarenaya, Telmatoblechnum, Terpsichore, Varronia y Werauhia. La información que aparece luego de las frases según otra fuente o según otra, se obtuvo de: Etymological Dictionary of Grasses (2007), Paxton’s Botanical Dictionary (1868), Glossaire de Botanique (1810), The Names of Plants (2008) y el portal Botanary (dirigido al público general, pero que a veces sorprende por la precisión de cierta información). Las demás fuentes y las muchas publicaciones originales consultadas se citan directamente en el texto. Para encontrar los artículos originales se buscó el género en Tropicos, se copió el nombre de la publicación donde se propuso y se buscó en Google, obteniéndose en la mayoría de los casos el artículo correspondiente en Biodiversity Heritage Library, Internet Archive o Google Books. 3 Expreso mi sincero agradecimiento a quienes han hecho posible acceder la información necesaria para realizar esta obra, en particular a los que han colocado y siguen colocando en línea la literatura científica. Gracias a ellos he podido acceder desde mi casa una gran cantidad de artículos que hasta hace poco sólo podían accederse en un puñado de grandes bibliotecas. 4 Los géneros Abelmoschus- probablemente del árabe para origen del almizcle, padre del almizcle, refiriéndose a las semillas. Abelmoschus moschatus se conoce como musk seed, almizcle vegetal y malva almizclera. Abildgaardia- por el médico, veterinario y naturalista danés Peter Christian Abildgaard (1740-1801). Abrodictyum- del griego para delicado, bello, bonito, y red, al parecer por la estructura de las frondas. Abrus- probablemente del griego para delicado, bello, bonito, suave, porque las hojas son suaves; según otra fuente, por la delicadeza de las hojas; según otra, posiblemente del vernáculo en árabe. Abutilon- de abutilum, nombre árabe para una planta; según otra fuente, nombre antiguo para una planta análoga al marsh mallow (Altaea officinalis); según otra, nombre árabe para una malva. Acacia- del griego para punta, espina, puntiagudo, y del acadio y hebreo con significados parecidos; según otra fuente, porque muchas especies tienen espinas o púas. Acalypha- del antiguo nombre griego akalephe (ortiga), porque las hojas de Urtica y Acalypha le parecieron similares a Linneo; según otra fuente, de a (sin), kalos (placer) y aphe (tacto). La ortiga es desagradable al tacto porque sus pelitos hincan. 5 Acanthocereus- del griego para espina y Cereus, un cactus espinoso. El autor dice: tube with a few scales and stiff bristles. Publicación original consultada: Annual Report of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 16: 77. 1905 Acanthospermum- del griego para espina y semilla, aludiendo a las semillas espinosas. Acianthera- del griego para punta y antera: antera puntiaguda (pointed); según otra fuente (Entomologisch-botanisches Handwörterbuch, p. 7. 1856), porque la antera está provista de una punta. El autor dice en la descripción: anthera apiculata, unilocularis. Publicación original consultada: Allgemeine Gartenzeitung, 10(37): 292. 1842. Achillea- por Aquiles, héroe de la Ilíada, quien aprendió de Centauro sobre los poderes curativos de la planta. Achyranthes- del griego para cáscara, paja, y flor, por la textura del perianto de la flor; según otra fuente, porque los foliolos del cáliz, firmes y persistentes, le dan a la flor un color de paja. Acisanthera- del griego para punta y antera, refiriéndose a las anteras articuladas (jointed); según las demás fuentes, porque las anteras son puntiagudas (pointed). El autor dice: antherae oblongae fagittatae & fubarcuatae, verfátiles. Publicación original consultada: The Civil and Natural History of Jamaica in Three Parts, p. 217. 1756. Acmella- del griego para punta o punto más alto, refiriéndose al sabor del follaje; según otra fuente, por el sabor picante (prickling) del follaje. El autor no explica el nombre (publicación original consultada: Synopsis Plantarum, 2: 472. 1807). Acnistus- posiblemente del latín cnistus (sin cresta). Acrocomia- del griego para cumbre, final, más alto, y penacho, porque las hojas se agrupan el final del tallo. Acrostichum- del griego para ápice, final, punta, y fila, posiblemente en referencia a las pinas superiores fértiles o al arreglo de los soros; según otra fuente, 6 por la similitud entre el alineamiento de las hojas y el comienzo de las líneas en un poema. Actinostachys- del griego para rayo y espiga, refiriéndose a los segmentos fértiles; según otra fuente, por la apariencia de los segmentos fértiles (con soros) de este peculiar helecho. Adansonia- por el botánico francés Michel Adanson (1727-1806). Adelia- del griego para sin visibilidad, invisibles, por el tamaño diminuto de las flores. El autor no explica el nombre (publicación original consultada: The Civil and Natural History of Jamaica in Three Parts, p. 361–362. 1756. Adenanthera- del griego para glándula y antera, por la presencia de una glándula pequeña y caduca (deciduous) en la punta de la antera. Adenostemma- del griego para glándula y corona, guirnalda, refiriéndose a los frutos o a los tubos de la corola o a las cerdas del papus; según otra fuente, porque la semilla está coronada por tres apéndices con forma de glándula. Adiantopsis- parecido a Adiantum. Adiantum- nombre en latín para los helechos llamados maiden-hair (especies de Adiantum), del griego para sin y capacidad de mojarse, porque las hojas repelen el agua. Adonidia- diminutivo de Adonis. Aechmea- del griego para punta de lanza, refiriéndose
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