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Édition Et Traduction De Jules Vessereau Notes du mont Royal www.notesdumontroyal.com 쐰 Cette œuvre est hébergée sur « No- tes du mont Royal » dans le cadre d’un exposé gratuit sur la littérature. SOURCE DES IMAGES Google Livres CL. BUTILIUS NAMATIANUS ÉDITION CRITIQUE ACCOMPAGNÉS d’une Traductlon française et d’un Index n sunna D’UN: ÉTUDE HISTORIQUE m unémmn SUR L’ŒUVRE ET L’AUTEUR PAR J. LESSEREAU I PROFESSEUR AGRÉGÉ AU LYCÉE DE rouans nocnzuu Es LETTRES PARIS ANCIENNE LIBRAIRIE TlloRlN ET FILS ALBERT PONTEMOING, ÉDITEUR Libraire des Écoles F rançnîscs d’Alhèncs et de Rome. du Collège de France et de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure 4. me Le GMT, 4 1 904 D se! intime A FRÉDÉRIC PLESSIS Au latiniste et au poète est dédiée cette édition diun poète latin en témoignage d’affection et de reconnaissance. ERRATA Page 5, ligne 10 en remonlant du bas, lire : Obscrv. Mise. Il], 3. Page 6, ligne 3 en remontant du bas, lire : connectera. Page 21, ligne 12 en remontant du bas, lire : ruderibusque. Page 23, vers 484, remplacer le point par une virgule. Page 26, ligne 13 en remoulant du bas, mettre Il avant 535. Page 28, dernière ligne, lire ita au lieu de ta. Page 32, première ligne de l’apparat critique, lire z lillatum. Page 65, ligne 7 en remontant du bas, mettre un point-virgule après voisins Page 96, note 2, première ligne, supprimer la virgule. Page 108, ligne 21 ; page 131, ligne 19; p. 136, ligna 23, et page 140, ligne 26, lire : recension. Page 133, première ligne, lire: son; dernière ligne, lire : in Ilutilium Page 141, lignes 2-3 en remontant du bas, lire : Collombet. Page 142, ligne 30, lire : Childe Harold. Page 156, note 3, liynes 1-2, lire: le travail de de Renmont. Page 173, ligne 2, lire : sa valeur. Page 183, ligne 8 en remontant du bas, lire z c’est là. Page 189, ligne 33, lire: il fait (en supprimant est). Page 194, ligne 16, mettre après Lachanius un renvoi à la note 1 ; ligne 20. mettre après lapidaires un renvoi à la note 2, et remplacer après Martial 2 par 3 ; ligne 21, remplacer après Frôhner 3 par 4 ; dans les trois dernières notes, remplacer 1, 2, 3 par 2, 3, 4. Page 233-1, ligne 19, lire: Damm ; note 3, ligne 4, lire : ltuspe. Page 250, ligne 2, lire: olim. Page 257, ligne 31, lire : saint Pierre, saint Paul et saint Jean-Baptiste Page 270, lignes 29-30, lire : sinon qu’il se fait conduire en voiture. Page 3332, ligne l1, et page 355, ligne 25, lire z Kapp. Page 362, lignes 26-27, lire: F Müller. Page 402, note 2, après (la rcdztu suo ajouter ibros. Ï la! PRÉFACE Le poème de Rutilius a toujours été très négligé en France. A première vue, après une lecture sommaire, il ne paraît pas offrir matière à une étude bien attrayante. Liimpression change quand on le relit attentivement et quand on cherche à replacer hauteur dans son milieu. Avec Rutilius, nous sommes en face du dernier poète païen de la littérature latine. Sa personne est de celles qui éveillent notre curiosité et gagnent notre sympathie à un degré peu ordinaire, dès que nous réussissons à pénétrer ses sentiments les plus intimes. Malgré son-franc parler et sa liberté d’allure dans l’éloge comme dans le blâme, il nous faut quelque effort pour sonder le fond de son âme et bien com- prendre sa manière de penser. Cet etIort serait stérile, si nous avions affaire à un écrivain vulgaire, à une physionomie sans originalité. Mais c’est le contraire qui se produit. L’étude du poète, de son œuvre, de son entourage et de son époque, et surtout l’examen de ses espérances, de ses joies, de ses plaintes et de ses déceptions, nous fournissent sur la tin des lettres païennes et sur l’état des esprits au début du v° siècle plus de renseignements que de longs chapitres d’histoire ne sauraient nous en donner. Rutilius mérite donc à beaucoup d’égards d’attirer l’atten- tion. Il vit à une époque des plus troublées de l’histoire ro- maine. Il a été témoin de la prise de Rome par Alaric. Il a obtenu la charge de préfet de la ville après l’invasion. Il est l’ami d’un grand nombre de hauts fonctionnaires païens et sou- vent gaulois comme lui. Il appartient à un groupe de nobles citoyens qui essaient de fermer les yeux devant le présent et X RUTILIUS NAMATIANL’S de ne pas craindre l’avenir. Il feint d’ignorer le christianisme dont au fond les progrès l’inquiétant. Il quitte Rome au mo- ment où les lois deviennent de plus en plus dures pour le pa- ganisme. Il déteste les moines et les Juifs dontl’intluence crois- sante lui semble un danger sérieux. Il croit ou affecte de croire à un pacte de Stilicon avec les barbares pour hâter la ruine de l’empire. Il va revoir, en Gaule, une des régions les plus éprou- vées par les invasions, et sur sa route il rencontrera à chaque instant des traces toutes récentes du passage des Goths et des preuves indéniables du développement de la vie monastique D’autre part, il est admirateur fervent des vieux écrivains; il alu et il imite les contemporains d’Auguste et ne voit rien qui soit au-dessus de la Rome du temps passé, de sa littéra- ture, de ses traditions, de ses souvenirs, de ses légendes et de ses dieux. Il s’est formé le goût à l’étude de Virgile, d’llorace, d’0vide, de Properce. Il ne connaît pas, ou ne veut pas con- naître tes besoins et les aspirations de son siècle. Il ne paraît pas se douter de l’évolution lente qui se produit dans les esprits et dans les âmes de la génération formée par Prudence et saint Jérôme, saint Paulin et saint Augustin. Aussi rap- pelle t-il à un degré surprenant la pureté du goût classique. Parfois il se fait l’écho de Claudien, mais évite son enflure, sa jactance, souvent son mauvais goût. Il a l’esprit rêveur, médi- tatif, curieux, un peu primesautier. Il côtoie et décrit som- mairement le littoral d’une des provinces les plus fameuses de I’IIalie, l’Etrurie. Il rappelle à. l’occasion des souvenirs mytho- logiques, légendaires ou historiques en des remarques aussi brèves que suggestives. Pour toutes ces raisons, il mérite d’être étudié. Sans doute il a déjà été l’objet de travaux dignes d’éloges; mais aucun ne me paraît complet ni satisfaisant. Sij’avais une exception à faire, je la ferais en faveur de Zumpt. Zumpt traite de Rutilius avec la plus grande compétence et aboutit à beau- coup dc conclusions qui resteront acquises. Mais ses recherches se concentrent sur un terrain assez restreint qui est souvent celui de l’érudition pure et ne font pas revivre le milieu même PRÉFACE XI où vivait le poète. J’en dirai autant d’Alfred de Reumont qui connaît à fond l’histoire et la géographie. de la Toscane, mais se borne, sous cette réserve, à effleurer la plupart des questions qui se posent à la lecture du poème. Je désire faire connaître le poète, son œuvre et son milieu. Jelaisse de côté toutes les observations qui ne tiennent que du commentaire et ne pourraient servir qu’à une explication proprement dite du texte. Mais j’ai donné pour base à mon tra- vail une édition critique du poème où aux variantes du Vindo- bonensis j’ai ajouté les variantes très peu connues du Romanus, ainsi que la liste des leçons et conjectures les plus intéressantes des éditeurs précédents. Si l’apparat critique paraît dépasser la mesure ordinaire, c’est que, à défaut de manuscrits anciens, j’estime que nous devons accorder aux leçons de l’édition princeps ou aux conjectures des éditions anciennes une impor- tance toute particulière. Je n’exclus pas d’ailleurs les conjec- tures des derniers éditeurs, quand elles méritent d’être mention- nées, ni celles des érudits qui se sont intéressés à Butilius sans l’éditer. Les difficultés les plus sérieuses qui peuvent se pré- senter à la lecture du texte seront l’objet d’examens spéciaux dans la suite. Dans l’étude consacrée à l’œuvre et à l’auteur, j’ai dû re- prendre, après Zumpt et Wernsdorf, certaines discussions qui auraient pu paraître closes, mais où j’ai eu à réformer ou à compléter plusieurs points de détail. J’ai refait en entier l’his- toire des manuscrits et des éditions qui ne me paraît pas avoir été traitée suffisamment jusqu’ici. A l’occasion de certaines digressions du poème, j’ai tâché de montrer ce que pouvaient dire ou penser, dans le premier quart du v° siècle, nombre de païens lettrés et intelligents qui s’obstinaient à ne pas croire à l’efl’ondrement plus ou moins prochain de leurs plus chères espérances, et à ne pas prévoir le nouvel état de choses qu’al- laicnt amener le triomphe du christianisme et l’invasion des barbares. J’ai signalé l’intérêt très particulier qu’offrent pour la connaissance du poète et de son parti les tirades contre les Juifs et les moines, les passages consacrésà Rome età Stilicon, XII RUTlLlUS NAMATIANUS ainsi que beaucoup d’allusions à des faits historiques passés ou contemporains. Je me suis toujours placé, pour juger les unes et les autres, au point de vue qui devait être celui de Rulilius, mais qui était également, en fait, celui de son entourage.
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