DOCSLIB.ORG

Revisiting Aspects of Language in South Africa During the Apartheid Era

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Revisiting Aspects of Language in South Africa During the Apartheid Era HAOL, Núm. 24 (Invierno, 2011), 65-91 ISSN 1696-2060 REVISITING ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE IN SOUTH AFRICA DURING THE APARTHEID ERA Mgwebi Lavin Snail SANDF-Reserve Force, South Africa. E-mail: [email protected] Recibido: 25 Septiembre 2010 / Revisado: 27 Octubre 2010 / Aceptado: 7 Noviembre 2010 / Publicación Online: 15 Febrero 2011 Abstract: In this article, our aim is show how other African countries are the following the Afrikaners succeeded in using their language factors: to build their nationalism, the Afrikaners used 1. All the African languages are Bantu the state power to use the language situation in languages South Africa to implement their policy of divide 2. These languages are easily intelligible and rule. The existing linguistic differences were with one another ( a factor which manipulated to create many nations called – lessens problems of communication and “multi-nationalism “as the architects of provides an advantage to language Apartheid would prefer to call it. planners ) Keywords: South Africa, Apartheid, language, 3. All these languages have been reduced linguistic differences, multi-nationalism. to writing and have their own limited ______________________ literatures and elaborate grammars. 4. An average speaker of these languages INTRODUCTION is trilingual in the sense that he can speak English and Afrikaans, which are fter the Afrikaners succeeded in using official languages whose learning under their language to build their duress emanating from Apartheid was Anationalism, the Afrikaners used the imperative. A sizable majority of state power to use the language situation in educated Africans can read and write South Africa to implement their policy of divide both Afrikaans and English but this may and rule. The existing linguistic differences were not be the case with the lesser educated manipulated to create many nations called – Africans. “multi-nationalism “as the architects of 5. There are speakers of African languages Apartheid would prefer to call it. The Republic which could communicate freely in all of South Africa as compared to some other those languages. African countries north of both the Limpopo and 1. LANGUAGE GROUPS AND THEIR Zambezi has a relatively less complex language CLASSIFICATION situation. In all, we have nine African languages These languages are further divided into two which are spoken in the country. The other two groups: major languages of European origin are English 1. isiNguni-Group: and Afrikaans. The rest is shared by other Indian a. isiXhosa languages, Khoi, Nama, San and other European b. isiZulu languages. Geographically, Afrikaans is an c. SiSwati African language in South Africa. It has adapted d. isiNdebele itself to the South African situation better than e. xiTsonga to any other environment in the world. f. Tshivenda Linguistically, it is an Indo-European Language 2. Sesotho-Group of the West- Germanic sub-group whose closest a. Sesotho relative is Dutch. What makes the South African b. Setswana language situation less complex than those of c. Sepedi © Historia Actual Online 2011 65 Revisiting aspects of language Mgwebi Lavin Snail Language Demographics 1 Language Linguistic Group Classification Number of Speakers isiXhosa isiNguni Bantu2 2.1 Million isiSwati isiNguni Bantu 841 000 isiNdebele isiNguni Bantu 378 00 isiZulu isiNguni Bantu 5.3 Million Setswana Sesotho Bantu 1.1 Million Sesotho Sesotho Bantu 1.6 Million Sepedi Sesotho Bantu 2.6 Million xiTsonga isiNguni Bantu 1.0 Million Tshivenda isiNguni Bantu 126 000 Besides these languages there are two Indo- “ This makes you less articulate as black European languages namely, English and man generally, and this makes you more Afrikaans. Both English and Afrikaans are inward-looking. You feel things rather languages spoken by European who live in than say them, and this applies to South Africa. The two official languages have Afrikaans as well. Much more than also won native speakers from both the so- English , Afrikaans is essentially a called Coloureds3 and Indian communities. language that has developed here, and I The majority of this section of the population think , in many instances, it is idiom. It does not have any other language as first relates much better to African language. They have contributed much to the languages, but English is completely development of Afrikaans – a feeling of co- foreign, and therefore people find it architects to both the language and culture of difficult to move beyond a certain point the Afrikaner is beginning to germinate in their comprehension of the especially amongst the intellectuals. language”4 A very rich variation of Afrikaans bearing When asked by a judge whether this closeness elements of Malaysian, Indonesian, Khoi – of idiom would not make it easy for African to San, Dutch, English, French and at times learn Afrikaans rather than English, Biko African languages. It is from that rich hotch- replied that : potch of languages that what we today refer to as Afrikaans developed. What later resulted in “This is true , actually , but unfortunately a feeling of uneasiness towards Afrikaans is Afrikaans has got certain connotations the myth which the Afrikaners built around historically that provokes a rejection that language and its speakers. That myth is a from the black man and these are combination of Afrikaner religion and politics. political connotations “ 5 As we shall see, BCM and the other political movements had nothing against Afrikaans as a When considering both statements, one could language. Explaining some linguistic problems read between the lines that it is not the faced by a black man in trying to conquer language but the social evils connected with it Afrikaans and English , Steve Biko extolled which needed extirpation. More will be said in Afrikaans as a language closer in idiom to the this connection when explaining how the Black Africans than English . He said : Consciousness Movement (BCM) tried to demystify the power of Afrikaans and how that led to the blood-bath of the 1976 student 66 © Historia Actual Online 2011 Mgwebi Lavin Snail Revisiting aspects of language upheavals. In the next sub-section I will try to a runner-up. At social gatherings, AmaXhosa give a broad exposition of the language prefer to use English rather than isiXhosa 6. situation in South Africa. How different AmaXhosa are found also throughout South languages functioned and how the state tried to Africa but they are concentrated in the whole manipulate them. Political organisations like Cape Province especially in the Transkei and the BCM tried to unite these languages with Ciskei ( both former homelands intended for the political situation in that country – and this the AmaXhosa by the racist Apartheid led to serious confrontation with the powers government.) The AmaZulu and the that be. AmaXhosa are very proud “nations” especially about their languages or anything which The Bantu-speaking people in South Africa as touches their cultures. Like all the other we have already seen are divided into two African national units these two are known for “Main Groups” the isiNguni and Sesotho. their love of music and up to now still keep According to the Population Registrations Act their traditional praise-singers called iimbongi. of 1950, the Africans were divided according to their linguistic differences into citizens of The Amandebele are found in the Northern the so-called reserves. The Africans in South part of what was called Transvaal on the Africa have as their mother-tongue Bantu borders of South Africa and Zimbabwe and in languages. Most of them have also a speaking Zimbabwe itself. The AmaNdebele did not knowledge of the two European languages have literature of their own, for in their schools namely, English and Afrikaans. Although these they still use isiZulu literature. In any case, languages were languages of the majority none there is very little difference between them and were given the status of official languages – an AmaZulu. The AmaSwati are found in the attempt by the government to crush African North Eastern part of the then Transvaal on the Nationalism. They only became second or borders of Swaziland. isiSwati as a language is third official languages in the different confined to those areas. Most of AmaSwati in homelands especially those who were afforded the industrial areas of South Africa would independence by the then regime. prefer to communicate in isiZulu rather than in their own language. 2.1.1 The isiNguni Group The Amandebele are a relatively new ethnic group. Their roots are in Kwa-Zulu where they The isiNguni speakers constitute the majority lived as AmaZulu. They split from AmaZulu of the African languages in South Africa. The during the reign of King Shaka of AmaZulu. AmaZulu, the largest language group They were first referred to as Matebele by the comprised eight million of the total number of Basotho through whose country they passed. fifteen million – the rest are AmaXhosa. The According to G. Fortune 7 they left the land of AmaNdebele and AmaSwati, are seen as a very AmaZulu around 1822. The term Matebele small minority, are not included in the fifteen comes from the Sesotho term ho tebela which million. The AmaZulu are found all over South means to chase after in order to capture. The Africa but they are mainly concentrated in Basotho first called them Batejelwa or Natal and that part of Natal called Kwa – Zulu Matejelwa – those who are at large and those ( a homeland for the Zulu ). The AmaZulu are that are being chased in order to be also in the majority in the urban townships captured”this is just but one of the many especially in Soweto and the whole Reef. The version given to about the origins if the name isiZulu language is slowly gaining momentum Mandebele.”. At this early stage of their as a language of inter-communication amongst development the AmaNdebele were speaking the Africans in the urban areas, and for this, it isiZulu, and the Sesotho word Matejelwa was was competing favourably with other African corrupted to Amandebele.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 446 Rajend Mesthrie, Ed. the Book Under Review Is a Dialect
    446 book reviews Rajend Mesthrie, ed. A Dictionary of South African Indian English. Cape Town: uct Press, 2010, xxviii and 260 pp. ISBN 978-1-91989-536-9. The book under review is a dialect dictionary that records the words of a vari- ety of English which developed out of language contact and second language acquisition during language shift amongst the Indian population in South Africa. It is not an inclusive dictionary because its focus is on the word stock that is specific to this part of the population in South Africa and thus excludes the items that are shared with the rest of the local population, as well as bor- rowings from Indian languages that have become part of global mainstream English (e.g. bungalow, shampoo or bangle). The dictionary is of interest to a broad range of scholars and language users: sociolinguists studying the devel- opment of new Englishes and those specifically interested in varieties of English in the diverse Indian Diaspora; lexicographers with a particular inter- est in borrowing; speakers of South African English who come across words specific to this ethnic variety in daily life; or even literary scholars interested in works written by South African Indian authors. It is possible to contextualize the dictionary within the lexicographic work done on contact varieties of English more generally, and within the develop- ment of these varieties more specifically. According to Schneider (2007: 52) dictionaries play an important role in the evolution of New Englishes because they promote endonormative stabilization. In a similar vein, Algeo (1992: 210) distinguishes three stages in the lexicographical history of nations such as Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa: at stage one, only slang or dialect usages of the new variety are taken note of; at the second stage, British dictionaries start recording the new words from the (former) colonies; and finally, lexicographers compile dictionaries that take the usage in the new nation as the norm.
    [Show full text]
  • (Re) Constructing Identities: South African Domestic Workers, English Language Learning, and Power a Dissertation SUBMITTED TO
    (Re) Constructing Identities: South African Domestic Workers, English Language Learning, and Power A Dissertation SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Anna Kaiper IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Dr. Joan DeJaeghere, Advisor May 2018 © Anna Kaiper 2018 i Acknowledgements To the women in my study: • It is because of you that this dissertation is in existence. Thank you and your families for everything you have given me and taught me. By sharing the stories of your lives, you have changed my own. To the most important people in my life: • My Mommy PP, who has provided me with the most incredible love, support, wisdom, and inspiration throughout my life. I love you forever times 2 ½ + 1. Love, Anna PB • My Daddy Bruce- although your life has been anything but easy, your incredible creativity, intelligence, and passion for life keeps me inspired every day. I love you Dad. • My love, Ian- having you as a partner makes me feel loved and thankful every single day. I couldn’t have finished this without you (and our sweet family: Thandi, Annie, and Snoopy). I love you Nini, forever. • My Best Fwend, Steph, whose incredible friendship and sisterhood has sustained me for decades and ALWAYS makes me happy. Your love for human beings motivates me daily. • Ray Ray- Your continual ability to care and love while you fight for what is right and just makes me feel proud to call you one of my best and longest friends! (and love to Errol and sweet Hazel too) To my incredible mentors: • My advisor, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Click Here to Download
    The Project Gutenberg EBook of South Africa and the Boer-British War, Volume I, by J. Castell Hopkins and Murat Halstead This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: South Africa and the Boer-British War, Volume I Comprising a History of South Africa and its people, including the war of 1899 and 1900 Author: J. Castell Hopkins Murat Halstead Release Date: December 1, 2012 [EBook #41521] Language: English *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SOUTH AFRICA AND BOER-BRITISH WAR *** Produced by Al Haines JOSEPH CHAMBERLAIN, Colonial Secretary of England. PAUL KRUGER, President of the South African Republic. (Photo from Duffus Bros.) South Africa AND The Boer-British War COMPRISING A HISTORY OF SOUTH AFRICA AND ITS PEOPLE, INCLUDING THE WAR OF 1899 AND 1900 BY J. CASTELL HOPKINS, F.S.S. Author of The Life and Works of Mr. Gladstone; Queen Victoria, Her Life and Reign; The Sword of Islam, or Annals of Turkish Power; Life and Work of Sir John Thompson. Editor of "Canada; An Encyclopedia," in six volumes. AND MURAT HALSTEAD Formerly Editor of the Cincinnati "Commercial Gazette," and the Brooklyn "Standard-Union." Author of The Story of Cuba; Life of William McKinley; The Story of the Philippines; The History of American Expansion; The History of the Spanish-American War; Our New Possessions, and The Life and Achievements of Admiral Dewey, etc., etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Boer War Association Queensland
    Boer War Association Queensland Queensland Patron: Major General Professor John Pearn, AO RFD (Retd) Monumentally Speaking - Queensland Edition Committee Newsletter - Volume 12, No. 1 - March 2019 As part of the service, Corinda State High School student, Queensland Chairman’s Report Isabel Dow, was presented with the Onverwacht Essay Medal- lion, by MAJGEN Professor John Pearn AO, RFD. The Welcome to our first Queensland Newsletter of 2019, and the messages between Ermelo High School (Hoërskool Ermelo an fifth of the current committee. Afrikaans Medium School), South Africa and Corinda State High School, were read by Sophie Verprek from Corinda State Although a little late, the com- High School. mittee extend their „Compli- ments of the Season‟ to all. MAJGEN Professor John Pearn AO, RFD, together with Pierre The committee also welcomes van Blommestein (Secretary of BWAQ), laid BWAQ wreaths. all new members and a hearty Mrs Laurie Forsyth, BWAQ‟s first „Honorary Life Member‟, was „thank you‟ to all members who honoured as the first to lay a wreath assisted by LTCOL Miles have stuck by us; your loyalty Farmer OAM (Retd). Patron: MAJGEN John Pearn AO RFD (Retd) is most appreciated. It is this Secretary: Pierre van Blommestein Chairman: Gordon Bold. Last year, 2018, the Sherwood/Indooroopilly RSL Sub-Branch membership that enables „Boer decided it would be beneficial for all concerned for the Com- War Association Queensland‟ (BWAQ) to continue with its memoration Service for the Battle of Onverwacht Hills to be objectives. relocated from its traditional location in St Matthews Cemetery BWAQ are dedicated to evolve from the building of the mem- Sherwood, to the „Croll Memorial Precinct‟, located at 2 Clew- orial, to an association committed to maintaining the memory ley Street, Corinda; adjacent to the Sherwood/Indooroopilly and history of the Boer War; focus being descendants and RSL Sub-Branch.
    [Show full text]
  • Scottish Naming Customs Craig L
    Scottish Naming Customs Craig L. Foster AG® [email protected] Origins of Scottish Surnames Surnames are said to have begun to be used by Scottish nobility at the direction of King Malcolm Ceannmor in about 1061. William L. Kirk, Jr. “Introduction to the Derivation of Scottish Surnames,” Clan Macrae (1992), http://www.clanmacrae.ca/documents/names.htm “In some Highland areas, though, fixed surnames did not become the norm until the 18th century, and in parts of the Northern Isles until the 19th century.” “Surnames,” ScotlandsPeople, https://www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk/guides/surnames Types of Scottish Surnames Location-Based Surnames Some people were named for localities. For example, the surname “Murray from the lands of Moray, and Ogilvie, which, according to Black, derives from the barony of Ogilvie in the parish of Glamis, Angus. Tenants might in turn assume, or be given, the name of their landlord, despite having no kinship with him.” Sometimes surnames referred to a specific topographical feature of the landscape such as a river, a loch, a hill, etc. Some examples might include: Names that contain 'kirk' (as in Kirkland, or Selkirk) which means 'church' in Gaelic; 'Muir' or names that contain it (means 'moor' in Gaelic); A name which has 'Barr' in it (this means 'hilltop' in Gaelic). “Surnames,” ScotlandsPeople, https://www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk/guides/surnames Occupational Surnames A significant amount of surnames come from occupations. So a smith became known as Smith or Gow (Gaelic for smith), a tailor became Tailor/Taylor, a baker was Baxter, a weaver was Webster, etc. “Surnames,”ScotlandsPeople, https://www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk/guides/surnames Descriptive Surnames “Nicknames were 'descriptional' ie.
    [Show full text]
  • Umzimkhulu Cemeteries Riverside HIA Report.Pdf
    Riverside Cemetery PHASE ONE CULTURAL HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED RIVERSIDE CEMETERY, UMZIMKHULU LOCAL MUNICIPALITY. Jean Beater & Frans Prins January 2014 FOR: Steven Whitaker Enviroedge i Riverside Cemetery TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON THE PROJECT .............................................................. 1 2 SCOPE OF WORK ................................................................................................................... 2 3 BACKGROUND TO ARCHAEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF AREA ............................................. 4 4 BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF THE SURVEY ................................................................ 5 4.1 Methodology .................................................................................................................... 5 4.2 Restrictions encountered during the survey ..................................................................... 6 4.2.1 Visibility ........................................................................................................................ 6 4.2.2 Disturbance. ................................................................................................................. 6 4.3 Details of equipment used in the survey ........................................................................... 6 4.4 Locational data ................................................................................................................ 6 4.5 Description of the general area surveyed ........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • British Family Names
    cs 25o/ £22, Cornrll IBniwwitg |fta*g BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME FROM THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF Hcnrti W~ Sage 1891 A.+.xas.Q7- B^llll^_ DATE DUE ,•-? AUG 1 5 1944 !Hak 1 3 1^46 Dec? '47T Jan 5' 48 ft e Univeral, CS2501 .B23 " v Llb«"y Brit mii!Sm?nS,£& ori8'" and m 3 1924 olin 029 805 771 The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924029805771 BRITISH FAMILY NAMES. : BRITISH FAMILY NAMES ftbetr ©riain ano fIDeaning, Lists of Scandinavian, Frisian, Anglo-Saxon, and Norman Names. HENRY BARBER, M.D. (Clerk), "*• AUTHOR OF : ' FURNESS AND CARTMEL NOTES,' THE CISTERCIAN ABBEY OF MAULBRONN,' ( SOME QUEER NAMES,' ' THE SHRINE OF ST. BONIFACE AT FULDA,' 'POPULAR AMUSEMENTS IN GERMANY,' ETC. ' "What's in a name ? —Romeo and yuliet. ' I believe now, there is some secret power and virtue in a name.' Burton's Anatomy ofMelancholy. LONDON ELLIOT STOCK, 62, PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C. 1894. 4136 CONTENTS. Preface - vii Books Consulted - ix Introduction i British Surnames - 3 nicknames 7 clan or tribal names 8 place-names - ii official names 12 trade names 12 christian names 1 foreign names 1 foundling names 1 Lists of Ancient Patronymics : old norse personal names 1 frisian personal and family names 3 names of persons entered in domesday book as HOLDING LANDS temp. KING ED. CONFR. 37 names of tenants in chief in domesday book 5 names of under-tenants of lands at the time of the domesday survey 56 Norman Names 66 Alphabetical List of British Surnames 78 Appendix 233 PREFACE.
    [Show full text]
  • 9783034307789 Intro 005.Pdf
    Chapter 1 Introduction If their property and land are not secured to the Griquas, and the pro- tection of the Colonial laws, before ten years there will not be a single Griqua in the country. — Rev. John Philip, London Missionary Society (1842) The past which an historian studies is not a dead past, but a past which in some sense is still living in the present. — R. G. Collingwood, An Autobiography (1939) The Griquas can not accept that a Minister can just write of f their his- tory with a pen, and then it’s all over. […] They came from all over the country to trek into Kokstad. If this is not history – if it is not labelled as ‘historical background’, then well might the Coloured of this country forget 300 years of hardship. […] Historically these people became so well known that had a Griqualand West and a Griqualand East, but [now] ‘there is no historical territory available’ for these people. Die Griekwas kan nie anvaar dat een Minister hulle geskiedenis met ’n pen kan afskryf nie en dan is allesoor. […] Hulle het dwarsdeur die land getrek tot in Kokstad. As dit nie geskiedenis is nie – as dit nie as historiese agtergrond bestempel kan word nie, kan die Kleurling van hierdie land maar vergeet van 300 jaar se swaarkry. […] Geskiedkundig het hierdie mense so veel naam gemaak dat daar ’n Griekwaland-Wes en ’n Griekwaland-Oos is, maar ‘there is no historical territory available’ vir hierdie mense nie. — Andrew Le Fleur, Debates and Proceedings of the Coloured Representatives Council (1972) In March 2011, three prominent Griqua people caught a train from the Northern Cape to Pretoria.
    [Show full text]
  • Griqualand-West1.Png (Seen and Copied 15-5- 2016)
    African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 10; Ton Dietz South Africa: GRIQUALAND WEST; Version January 2017 African Studies Centre Leiden African Postal Heritage APH Paper Nr 10 Ton Dietz GRIQUALAND WEST Version January 2017 Introduction Postage stamps and related objects are miniature communication tools, and they tell a story about cultural and political identities and about artistic forms of identity expressions. They are part of the world’s material heritage, and part of history. Ever more of this postal heritage becomes available online, published by stamp collectors’ organizations, auction houses, commercial stamp shops, online catalogues, and individual collectors. Virtually collecting postage stamps and postal history has recently become a possibility. These working papers about Africa are examples of what can be done. But they are work-in-progress! Everyone who would like to contribute, by sending corrections, additions, and new area studies can do so by sending an email message to the APH editor: Ton Dietz ([email protected]). You are welcome! Disclaimer: illustrations and some texts are copied from internet sources that are publicly available. All sources have been mentioned. If there are claims about the copy rights of these sources, please send an email to [email protected], and, if requested, those illustrations will be removed from the next version of the working paper concerned. 1 African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 10; Ton Dietz South Africa: GRIQUALAND
    [Show full text]
  • Intergrated Development Plan 2019/20 Ubuhlebezwe Local Municipality
    INTERGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2019/20 UBUHLEBEZWE LOCAL MUNICIPALITY There is a lovely road that runs from Ixopo into the hills. These hills are grass-covered and rolling, and they are lovely beyond any singing of it. The road climbs seven miles into them, to Carisbrooke; and from there, if there is no mist, you look down on one of the fairest valleys of Africa. About you there is grass and bracken and you may hear the forlorn crying of the titihoya, one of the birds of the veld…. (Cry the Beloved Country; Alan Paton: December 1948 – Chapter 1) 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS HEADING PAGE SECTION A: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9 SECTION B: 31 PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES AS WELL AS GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND IMPERATIVES SECTION C: 41 SITUATION ANALYSIS Demographic Characteristics & Analysis 41 Key Findings 52 Cross Cutting Issues 53 Municipal Transformation & Institutional Development 135 158 Basic Service delivery & Infrastructure Social & Economic Development 209 Municipal Financial Viability & Management 260 Good Governance & Public Participation 282 CORRECTIVE MEASURES FROM PREVIOUS IDP 311 SECTION D: VISION, GOALS, OBJECTIVES & STRATEGIES 313 SECTION E: 314 STRATEGIC MAPPING AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN SECTION F: 335 ANNUAL OPERATIONAL PLAN / ORGANIZATIONAL SCORECARD / SERVICE DELIVERY & BUDGET IMPLEMENTATION PLAN SECTION G: 335 ORGANIZATIONAL & INDIVIDUAL PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AG REPORT & ACTION PLAN 365 SECTION H: 379 ANNEXURES 2 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE DESCRIPTION 1. SPATIAL LOCATION 2. TRADITIONAL AUTHORITIES 3. PROPOSED PRIMARY NODE – IXOPO 4. WALL TO WALL SCHEME 5. WALL TO WALL SCHEME COVERAGE 6. ROAD CORRIDORS 7. EXISTING AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 8. LAND OWNERSHIP 9. ELECTRICITY BACKLOGS 10. WATER BACKLOGS 11.
    [Show full text]
  • Census 2011 Census in Brief
    Census in brief THE SOUTH AFRICA I KNOW, THE HOME I UNDERSTAND De Bruyn Park Building, 170 Thabo Sehume Street, Pretoria, 0002 Private Bag X44, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa User information service: +27(12) 310 8600, Fax: +27(12) 310 8500 Main switchboard: +27(12) 310 8911, Fax: +27(12) 321 7381 Website: www.statssa.gov.za, Email: [email protected] Census 2011 Census in brief Statistics South Africa Pali Lehohla Report No. 03-01-41 Statistician-General Census 2011 Census in brief / Statistics South Africa Published by Statistics South Africa, Private Bag X44, Pretoria 0001 © Statistics South Africa, 2012 Users may apply or process this data, provided Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) is acknowledged as the original source of the data; that it is specified that the application and/or analysis is the result of the user's independent processing of the data; and that neither the basic data nor any reprocessed version or application thereof may be sold or offered for sale in any form whatsoever without prior permission from Stats SA. Stats SA Library Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) Data Census 2011 Census in brief / Statistics South Africa. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa, 2012 Report no.: 03-01-41 105pp ISBN 978-0-621-41388-5 A complete set of Stats SA publications is available at Stats SA Library and the following libraries: National Library of South Africa, Pretoria Division Eastern Cape Library Services, King William’s Town National Library of South Africa, Cape Town Division Central Regional Library, Polokwane Library of Parliament,
    [Show full text]
  • Afrikaans FAMILY HISTORY LIBRARY" SALTLAKECITY, UTAH TMECHURCHOF JESUS CHRISTOF Latl'er-Qt.Y SAINTS
    GENEALOGICAL WORD LIST ~ Afrikaans FAMILY HISTORY LIBRARY" SALTLAKECITY, UTAH TMECHURCHOF JESUS CHRISTOF LATl'ER-Qt.y SAINTS This list contains Afrikaans words with their English these compound words are included in this list. You translations. The words included here are those that will need to look up each part of the word separately. you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the For example, Geboortedag is a combination of two word you are looking for is not on this list, please words, Geboorte (birth) and Dag (day). consult a Afrikaans-English dictionary. (See the "Additional Resources" section below.) Alphabetical Order Afrikaans is a Germanic language derived from Written Afrikaans uses a basic English alphabet several European languages, primarily Dutch. Many order. Most Afrikaans dictionaries and indexes as of the words resemble Dutch, Flemish, and German well as the Family History Library Catalog..... use the words. Consequently, the German Genealogical following alphabetical order: Word List (34067) and Dutch Genealogical Word List (31030) may also be useful to you. Some a b c* d e f g h i j k l m n Afrikaans records contain Latin words. See the opqrstuvwxyz Latin Genealogical Word List (34077). *The letter c was used in place-names and personal Afrikaans is spoken in South Africa and Namibia and names but not in general Afrikaans words until 1985. by many families who live in other countries in eastern and southern Africa, especially in Zimbabwe. Most The letters e, e, and 0 are also used in some early South African records are written in Dutch, while Afrikaans words.
    [Show full text]