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Belvedere 2019. 3. Szám TÖRTÉNELEM ÉS TÁRSADALOMTUDOMÁNYOK XXXI. ÉVFOLYAM 3. SZÁM „Jó, hogy az ember nem ismeri a jövõjét” KOÓS OTTÓ ÉLETÉRÕL LAPUNK 5. OLDALÁTÓL OLVASHATUNK – MMXIX ÕSZ – Belvedere_2019_03_kiado.qxd 2020.01.30. 13:18 Page 2 TÖRTÉNELEM ÉS TÁRSADALOMTUDOMÁNYOK Fõszerkesztõ KISS GÁBOR FERENC Szerkesztõbizottság SZEGFÛ LÁSZLÓ (elnök), JANCSÁK CSABA, KISS GÁBOR FERENC, MARJANUCZ LÁSZLÓ, NAGY TAMÁS, NÓTÁRI TAMÁS, PÁSZKA IMRE, RÁCZ LAJOS Tanácsadó testület ANDAHÁZI SZEGHY VIKTOR, BANGÓ JENÕ, CSABA LÁSZLÓ, GARDA DEZSÕ, GEBEI SÁNDOR, JOHN GOODWIN, PAPP SÁNDOR, SZAKÁLY SÁNDOR, SZELÉNYI IVÁN, UTASI ÁGNES, VERES VALÉR Szerkesztõk HALMÁGYI MIKLÓS, KOVÁCS ATTILA, MIKLÓS PÉTER, NAGY GÁBOR DÁNIEL, PLUGOR RÉKA, SZÕTS ZOLTÁN OSZKÁR Munkatársak DÁVID BENJÁMIN, FLOUTIER JEREMY, GATTI BEÁTA, GAUSZ ILDIKÓ, LENGYEL ÁDÁM, SÁNTA TAMÁS Számunk az EIKKA Alapítvány, a Dél-magyarországi Pedagógiai Alapítvány, a Magyar Történelmi Társulat Csongrád Megyei és Szegedi Csoportja, a Nemzeti Kulturális Alap, a Szegedi Tudományegyetem Polgáraiért Alapítvány, az SZTE Bölcsészettudományi Kar, az SZTE Juhász Gyula Pedagógusképzõ Kar, az SZTE Alkalmazott Társadalomismereti és Kisebbségpolitikai Intézet, az SZTE Történettudományi Intézet, az SZTE JGYPK HÖK és a SZEPA Alapítvány támogatásával készült. A Belvedere Meridionale online elérhetõ itt: www.belvedere.meridionale.hu A lap tanulmányokat, interjúkat, ismertetéseket és kritikákat közöl a történelem és a társadalomtudományok körébõl. A közlésre benyújtott cikk még nem publikált és más folyóiratnál elbírálás alatt nem lévõ, eredeti írásmû lehet. A benyújtott és a lap jellegének megfelelõ írásokat két, a szerzõ számára ismeretlen szakmai lektor bírálja el. A két lektor véleményének figyelembevételével a szerkesztõség döntést hoz a megjelentetésrõl, melyet a szerzõvel közöl. A folyóirat megjelenik évente négy alkalommal: tavasszal, nyáron, õsszel és télen. A szerkesztõség címe: 6725 Szeged, Hattyas sor 10. Tel.: +36/62-546-252 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Kiadja a Belvedere Meridionale Kft. Technikai szerkesztõ: Veres Ildikó, COMPUTHERIUM Kft. Címlapkép: Bombakárok az Aradi vértanúk terén (Szeged). Kép forrása: Fortepan/Adományozó: Fortepan. ISSN 1419-0222 (print) ISSN 2064-5929 (online, pdf) Belvedere_2019_03_kiado.qxd 2020.01.30. 13:18 Page 3 TARTALOMJEGYZÉK – CONTENTS TANULMÁNYOK – STUDIES BABUCS ZOLTÁN Egy „háborús bûnös” ludovikás sors a GULAG-on és a kádári Magyarországon Fate of a „war-criminal” hungarian officer in the GULAG and the Kádár era DOI 10.14232/belv.2019.3.1 .......................................................................................................................... 5 SCHVÉD BRIGITTA KINGA A 17. századi svéd gyarmatosítás egy rövid epizódja. A Svéd Afrika Társaság (Svenska Afrikakompaniet) és a nyugat-afrikai svéd gyarmatosítás (1649–1663) A brief episode of Swedish colonialism in the 17th century. The Swedish Africa Company (Svenska Afrikakompaniet) and the Swedish colonization in West Africa (1649–1663) DOI 10.14232/belv.2019.3.2 ........................................................................................................................ 25 BOGNÁR BULCSU Szabó Dezsõ korszerûsége és korszerûtlenségei. Kísérlet az életmû tudásszociológiai elemzésére The modernity and anachroism of Dezsõ Szabó. An attempt to interpret his ouevre from the perpective of sociology of knowledge DOI 10.14232/belv.2019.3.3 ........................................................................................................................ 39 DAHER RASHED A két világháború közti libanoni rendszer természetrajza The nature of the Lebanese political system in the interwar period DOI 10.14232/belv.2019.3.4 ........................................................................................................................ 59 RÁCZ ANDREA – BOGÁCS ERNÕ Integratív gyermekvédelem a szociális munka ember-, kliensképének és a szülõség értelmezésének jegyében Integrative child protection in interpretation of social work's image of man, image of client and in parenting DOI 10.14232/belv.2019.3.5 ........................................................................................................................ 71 KÖZLEMÉNYEK – PUBLICATIONS SZANISZLÓ RÉKA BRIGITTA A diaszpóra fogalma. Interdiszciplináris megközelítés The Concept of Diaspora. Interdisciplinary Approach DOI 10.14232/belv.2019.3.6 ........................................................................................................................ 83 OLÁH ANDRÁS PÁL Az amerikai légierõ Budapest elleni légitámadásai a II. világháború idején The U.S. Army Air Force air raids against Budapest during the Second World War DOI 10.14232/belv.2019.3.7 ........................................................................................................................ 99 Belvedere_2019_03_kiado.qxd 2020.01.30. 13:18 Page 4 4 Tartalomjegyzék 2019. 1. TÉKA – REVIEW DÁVID BENJÁMIN A Nagy Háború és a mindennapok kultúrája The Great War and Culture of Everyday DOI 10.14232/belv.2019.3.8 ...................................................................................................................... 147 Belvedere_2019_03_kiado.qxd 2020.01.30. 13:18 Page 5 BABUCS ZOLTÁN [email protected] hadtörténész (Váchartyán), a Magyar Hírlap lapszerkesztõje, a Magyarságkutató Intézet Történeti Kutatóközpont ügyvivõ szakértõje Egy „háborús bûnös” ludovikás sors a GULAG-on és a kádári Magyarországon Fate of a „war-criminal” hungarian officer in the GULAG and the Kádár era ABSTRACT This paper presents a biography of a hungarian officer from the second world war. Ottó Koós was member of the Royal Hungarian Defence Forces (’honvédség’). After the war he was accused with war crimes by the soviets, and he was punished. In 1955 he was released from the soviet captivity. After that he spent nearly a year in a Hungarian prison. In the times of Kádár he lived as second class citizen. KEYWORDS Koós Ottó, Gulag, war crime, biography, World War 2 DOI 10.14232/belv.2019.3.1 https://doi.org/10.14232/belv.2019.3.1 Cikkre való hivatkozás / How to cite this article: Babucs Zoltán (2019): Egy „háborús bûnös” ludovikás sors a GULAG-on és a kádári Magyarországon. Belvedere Meridionale 31. évf. 3. sz. 5–24. pp. ISSN 1419-0222 (print) ISSN 2064-5929 (online, pdf) (Creative Commons) Nevezd meg! – Így add tovább! 4.0 (CC BY-SA 4.0) (Creative Commons) Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) www.belvedere-meridionale.hu Belvedere_2019_03_kiado.qxd 2020.01.30. 13:18 Page 6 6 Tanulmányok 2019. 3. 1945 után az egykoron Ludovika Akadémiát végzettek megtûrt állampolgárként élhettek az „új” Magyarországon. Mindezen túl másod- vagy harmadrendû állampolgárnak számítottak azok, akiket szovjet hadifogságban vagy idehaza ítéltek el háborús bûntettekért, melyeket a meg- szállt ukrán területeken követtek el. Az ítéletek egy része jogos volt, viszont nagyobb hányada gyenge lábakon álló vádak alapján születtek meg, hogy törvényesítsék azon hadifoglyok rab- szolga módjára történõ foglalkoztatását, akik még 1948 után is a Szovjetunióban voltak. Több száz ítélet született szovjet hadbíróságokon, tábornokok, törzstisztek mellett fõtisztekre és alacso- nyabb rendfokozatú honvédekre is lesújtott a Szovjetunió „vasökle”. Akik hazatérhettek a szovjet internáló- és büntetõtáborokból,1 azokat a Belügyminisztérium illetékesei továbbra is megfigyelték. Így tettek Koós Ottó aknavetõ kezelõ honvéddé lefokozott hivatásos gyalogos százados esetében is, aki a rendszerváltozásig érezhette a „bm”-esek „óvó felügyeletét”. Felelõs beosztásokban nem dolgozhatott, jutalmat szinte sohasem kapott, útlevelet és jogosítványt csak nagy nehezen sze- rezhetett. Mi volt a bûne, hogy a kommunizmus magyarországi fennállásának végéig megfigyelték? A második világháborúban becsülettel szolgáló – idén 104. életévében elhunyt – vitéz Koós Ottó nyugállományú alezredes életútja hadifogságba eséséig, 1944. október 27-ig, a ludovikás csapattisztek minden sajátosságát magában hordozta.2 1 SZABÓ 2005. 385.; BABUCS 2015a. 2 Koós Ottó, vitéz nemes békei (Bécs, 1915. december 3., Gál Theodóra - Barcs, 2019. március 5.) hivatásos gyalogos százados (1944. január 1.). Édesapja, idõsebb Koós Ottó hivatásos honvédtiszt volt, aki végig küzdötte a Nagy Háborút, s 1930–1935 között a székesfehérvári magyar királyi „Szent István” 3. honvéd gyalogezred parancsnokaként szolgált, majd tábornokként vonult nyugállományba. Mindkét fia (Ottó és Béla) követte az atyai életpályát, a pécsi Zrínyi Miklós Fõreáliskolát és a Ludovika Akadémiát elvégezvén kerültek a székesfehérvári 3. honvéd gyalogezred kötelékébe. Az idõsebbik fiút, Ottót 1938. augusztus 20-án, öccsét, Bélát 1942. június 18-án avatták hadnaggyá a Ludovikán. Koós Ottó hadnagy a székesfehérvári 3/I. zászlóalj 1. puskásszázadának szakaszparancsnokaként kezdte meg csapattiszti szolgálatát. A 3/1. puskásszázad parancsnokaként részese volt a felvidéki mozgósításnak és bevonulásnak. 1939. január 10-tõl részt vett a székesfehérvári II. hadtest síosztagának kiképzésén, 1939. október 16. és november 4. között elvégezte a várpalotai gyalogsági lõiskola nehézfegyver tanfolyamát. 1940. január 1-jétõl a 3/I. zászlóalj nehézfegyverszázad aknavetõ szakaszparancsnokaként teljesített szolgálatot, az erdélyi mozgósítás és bevonulás alatt a 3. gyalogezred ezredközvetlen aknavetõszázad parancsnoka volt. 1940. november 30-án a 3/3. puskásszázad parancsnokságával bízták meg. Miután a Magyar Királyság belépett a Szovjetunió elleni hadviselõ felek sorába, önként
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