DOCSLIB.ORG

Scorn of Idolatry

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Scorn of Idolatry ~'~ ; "'1";~ ~:~ J. GRESHAM' MACHEN • EDITOR 1936·1937 '1 A Joyous Announcement John Patton Galbraith (Page 355) • At His birth a star, Unseen before in heaven, proclaims Him A Christmas Tree come; . From Piney Peak And guides the Eastern sages, who inquire Harriet Z. Teal His place, to offer incense, myrrh,· and (Page 356) gold. His place of birth a solemn angel tells • To simple shepherds, keeping watch by Isaiah's Scorn night; of Idolatry They gladly thither haste, and by a quire J. Gresham Machen Of squadroned angels hear His carol sung. (Page 357) A virgin is His mother, but His sire The Power of the Most High; He shall • 'ascend The throne hereditary, and bound His The Life of . Je~us Christ reLgn With earth's wide bounds, His glory with Leslie W. Sloat the heavens. (Page 360) -lohnMilton • Is the Pope Infallible? Paul Woolley (Page 363) December 25, 1945 VOLUME 14, NO. 23 354 THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN Deeemher 25 "Remember DOW thy the days of thy yonth." ERRY Christmas to you alI!-or, if Intimate Glimpses "A Joyful Noise" M that is too late, a Happy New Year! We as young Christians have every reason .O.S.-Study, Obey, Serve. This is the ID you go caroling this year? Isn't it to be joyous and happy, especially in the S name of the young people's groups at D an inspiring thing to do-to send thought that our Saviour was willing to be the Covenant Church in Berkeley, Cali­ forth into the crisp December air the fornia. The picture shows some members beautiful old traditional carols that men born as the God-man and live and die !, for us. of the society for the youngest age group. have loved for literally centuries? It's espe­ Before Christmas is out of the air, here These boys and girls, arranged here in the cially inspiring to know you are cheering I am talking about Easter. It's this new form of an S, are hom grades 5 to 7. They the hearts of shut-ins. meet for an hour and a half each Friday contest that was mentioned last month, We sing hymns and spiritual songs be­ and you'll be wanting plenty of time on cause we enjoy it. But did you ever stop it. So you'll excuse me, I'm sure, for rush­ to think that we are also commanded by ing the seasons. Here are the rules: ' God to sing them? "Make a joyful noise." 1. Each contestant will submit an orig­ "Sing aloud." We are ordered to sing! inal poem, any length, any verse form, We are also told how to do it. Joyfully! The singing at some churches and young any title, upon this theme: The Resurrec­ people's meetings does indeed lack joyful­ tion of Christ. ness. Don't let your singing drag. Even 2. The poem is to be typed, double­ "A mighty fortress" Can sound like a spaced, using one side of the paper only. funeral dirge if it is not kept up to tempo 3. The contestant's name should not and sung vigorously. But just a moment! appear on the poetry manuscript. A .paper It is just as bad to err in the other ex­ should be enclosed containing name, ad­ treme! Sometimes yO)lng people forget dress, age, occupation or school and grade, they are to be singing "unto the Lord." church and pastor. They are so carried away by the lilting 4. Manuscripts are to be postmarked rhythms of some of the hymns that their no later than March 25th and addressed mood turns into one of frivolity. Young to Poetry Contest, THE PRESBYTERIAN people like these songs and sing them GUARDIAN, 1505 Race Street, Philadelphia lustily and joyfully. But their joy is not 2, Pa. always "unto the Lord." 5. There will be three prizes, to be an­ Paul says, "I will sing with the under­ nounced next month. standing also." How we would honor the 6. The decision of the judges, the Rev. Lord in our singing if we all sang with the John H. Skilton and the Rev. Arthur W. afternoon after school. understanding. Those beautiful old hymns Kuschke, will be final. Frequently, as on the day when this of the church are filled with high re­ 7. The best poem or poems will appear picture was snapped, they distribute a ligious sentiments and lofty praise to our in the April 25th Youth Center. thousand Home Evangels for severalblocks God. Let us sing them, young people, Read over the gospel accounts of the around the church. <.1 dramatic and soul-stirring event of the seeking to understand them as we sing and resurrection and then take your pen in Indianapolis Writes withal making "a joyful noise unto the Lord." hand, you poets. Here is a theme that will "This is just a little note in acknowl­ Il THINK ON THESE THINGS call forth the best that is in you. And edgment of our appreciation for your 1 don't be too modest about your efforts. efforts to devote a page of the GUARDIAN 1. Which is better to sing when you I Let the. judges decide how good it is! to youth. Some of our societies have been are doing it "just for fun"-a religious Here is a New Year's Resolution for reading with interest your articles when­ chorus or a jolly old folk song? you: I resolve to support the GUARDIAN ever they appear. Perhaps it will be 2. What do you think of this sugges­ Youth Center, especially by entering the possible for our group to get acquainted tion: it is better to sing hymns that are a poetry contest. with the other church societies through little too difficult than those that are too the GUARDIAN Youth Page by reading let­ easy? qy~(R.~ ters which they may have sent in to you 3. Do you think it would be a worth­ Director, the GUARDIAN to be printed."-Covenant Y. P. Society, while project to memorize some of the Youth Center. Indianapolis, Indiana. great hymns? Why or why not? The Presbyterian Guardian Is published semi. monthly from September to July. Inclusive. and monthly In August by The Presbyterian Guardian Publishing Car"ra. tlon, 728 Schaff Building, 1505 Race Street. Philadelphia. Pa., at the following rates. payable in advance, for either old or new subscribers in any part of the world. palt••• prepaid: $2.00 per year: $1.00 for five months; five or more copies either to separate addresses or in a package to one address, $1.25 each Per year; introductory ra.te for new subscribers only, three months for 25c; lOc per single copy. Entered as second class matter l\Lal'Ch 4. 1937. at the Post Office a.t Philadelphia. Pa., under tho Act of March 3. 1&18. THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN 355 A Joyous Annou~celDent I MEDITATION I By the REV. JOHN PATTON GALBRAITH Pastor of Kirkwood Orthodox Presbyterian Church, Kirkwood, Pa. "Unto you is born this day in the city ears of man. He had heard God prom­ Thus the joy in the fact of the of David a Saviour, which is Christ the ise, "I will put enmity between thee Saviour's birth is only the fearful joy, Lord" (Luke 2:11). [Satan] and the woman, and between tempered by the grim realities of life, thy seed and her·seed; and it shall which escapism gives. But, not so! HERE have been many who had bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise The believer's joy in the Saviour's Tthought that World War II and his heel." God had said, "I will raise birth is a confident joy which is rooted the formation of the United Nations them up a Prophet from among their in the knowledge that here in Him is Organization would end war, and that brethren ... and will put my words in the cure for all the ills of the world. at the end of this war there would be his mouth." Isaiah had proclaimed, His work was not merely the payment a swift reversion to the "good old "Behold, a virgin shall conceive and of the ransom price for sinners. He days." But with armed strife flaring in bear a son, and shall call his name has also broken the power of sin in the Near East, the Far East, and the Immanuel," and that He would be the hearts of believers: "Sin shall not East Indies, with trouble spots in "wounded for our transgressions" and have dominion over you." And He other parts of the world, with distrust "bruised for our iniquities," that the will restore the entire creation: "The among the Big Three, and with con­ chastisement of our peace would be creation itself also shall be delivered flicts at home between greedy labor upon Him, and that with His stripes from the bondage of corruption into and greedy management, doubt, hope­ we would be healed. To this Saviour's the glorious liberty of the children of lessness, despair, and disillusionment coming God's people had ever looked God." The Saviour in whose birth we are today widespread. In such a day forward with eager and joyous antici­ rejoice is not the center of an escapist comes a Joyous Announcement, the pation. religion but of the panacean religion, ancient but oft-spurned message of Now on this glad morn the sky the religion that has the answer for all Christmas delivered by the angel to opens, an.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A BRIEF HISTORY of the PAPACY by John Judy (Written Mid-April
    A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PAPACY By John Judy (Written mid-April 2005 for “Big News.”) MICHAEL Any day now the College of Cardinals will be choosing a new Pope. White smoke will billow out into Saint Peter's Square signaling that the Holy Mother Church has discovered fire. I'm kidding. The Catholic Church has long since acknowledged the existence of fire and has used it on more than a few occasions. If you don't believe me, ask a heretic. If you can find one! (Did I mention John Paul II once issued a formal apology to Prometheus? True story...) In any case, we Big News Catholics don't want the rest of you sinners to spend the next week in complete ignorance of our glorious heritage and the intricate, infallible goings- on of our higher-ups. With that in mind we now present a brief history of the papacy, or, as we call it: "The Vatican Highlight Reel!" MATT There have been 265 Popes since Jesus chose Saint Peter to be the rock on which he founded his church in 32 A.D. SAINT PETER Numero Uno, baby! Pearly gates in the house! MATT According to Catholic tradition, Peter brought Christianity to Rome although it was there well before Peter arrived. SAINT PETER We were in previews out of town, man. MATT And once he was in Rome, Peter didn't serve as any kind of bishop or leader. SAINT PETER It was casual. Why you doggin' me, Boo? MATT Saint Sixtus, the seventh Pope, was the first Pope known to be the son of a Priest.
    [Show full text]
  • Il Capitale Culturale
    21 IL CAPITALE CULTURALE Studies on the Value of Cultural Heritage eum Rivista fondata da Massimo Montella Ines Ivić, «Recubo praesepis ad antrum»: The Cult of Saint Jerome in the Church of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome at the End of the 13th Century «Il capitale culturale», n. 21, 2020, pp. 87-119 ISSN 2039-2362 (online); DOI: 10.13138/2039-2362/2234 «Recubo praesepis ad antrum»: The Cult of Saint Jerome in the Church of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome at the End of the 13th Century Ines Ivić* Abstract This paper analyzes the setting up of the cult of Saint Jerome in Rome at the end of the 13th century in the papal basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore. It observes the development of the cult as part of the renovations of the church during the pontificate of Nicholas IV and the patronage of the Colonna family. It argues that it happened during the process of Franciscanization of the church and making the ideological axis between the Roman basilica and new papal basilica in Assisi, stressed also in their pictorial decorations – the mosaics in the apse in Rome, and the Life of Saint Francis in Assisi. It also studies the construction of Jerome’s Roman identity in correlation with the confirmation of Santa Maria Maggiore church as a “second Bethlehem” after the fall of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, reflecting upon the leading proponents of the idea, architectural setting, artistic production and hagiographical texts produced to uphold this idea. *Ines Ivić, PhD Candidate, Central European University (CEU), Department of Medieval Studies, Nádor utca 9, H-1051 Budapest, e-mail: [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Clothing As Communication? Vestments and Views of the Papacy C.1300
    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Previously Published Works Title Clothing as communication? Vestments and views of the papacy c.1300 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1mz5d08f Journal Journal of Medieval History, 44(3) ISSN 0304-4181 Author Miller, MC Publication Date 2018-05-27 DOI 10.1080/03044181.2018.1467581 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Journal of Medieval History ISSN: 0304-4181 (Print) 1873-1279 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rmed20 Clothing as communication? Vestments and views of the papacy c.1300 Maureen C. Miller To cite this article: Maureen C. Miller (2018) Clothing as communication? Vestments and views of the papacy c.1300, Journal of Medieval History, 44:3, 280-293 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2018.1467581 Published online: 01 Aug 2018. Submit your article to this journal View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rmed20 JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY 2018, VOL. 44, NO. 3, 280–293 https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2018.1467581 Clothing as communication? Vestments and views of the papacy c.1300 Maureen C. Miller Department of History, University of California, Berkeley, USA ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY This essay argues that Pope Boniface VIII (1294–1303) used clothing Received 1 February 2018 in a highly intentional and performative manner to communicate his Accepted 28 February 2018 status and authority. His audience, however, was quite limited – KEYWORDS essentially, the small community of those who aspired to hold or fl – Clothing; liturgical in uence the power of the Holy See and the messages vestments; Boniface VIII; conveyed were not particularly complex.
    [Show full text]
  • Papal Overlordship and Protectio of the King, C.1000-1300
    1 PAPAL OVERLORDSHIP AND PROTECTIO OF THE KING, c.1000-1300 Benedict Wiedemann UCL Submitted for the degree of PhD in History 2017 2 I, Benedict Wiedemann, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 3 Papal Overlordship and Protectio of the King, c.1000-1300 Abstract This thesis focuses on papal overlordship of monarchs in the middle ages. It examines the nature of alliances between popes and kings which have traditionally been called ‘feudal’ or – more recently – ‘protective’. Previous scholarship has assumed that there was a distinction between kingdoms under papal protection and kingdoms under papal overlordship. I argue that protection and feudal overlordship were distinct categories only from the later twelfth and early thirteenth centuries. Before then, papal-royal alliances tended to be ad hoc and did not take on more general forms. At the beginning of the thirteenth century kingdoms started to be called ‘fiefs’ of the papacy. This new type of relationship came from England, when King John surrendered his kingdoms to the papacy in 1213. From then on this ‘feudal’ relationship was applied to the pope’s relationship with the king of Sicily. This new – more codified – feudal relationship seems to have been introduced to the papacy by the English royal court rather than by another source such as learned Italian jurists, as might have been expected. A common assumption about how papal overlordship worked is that it came about because of the active attempts of an over-mighty papacy to advance its power for its own sake.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of the High Clergy of Croatia, Dalmatia And
    Mišo Petrović POPES, PRELATES, PRETENDERS: THE ROLE OF THE HIGH CLERGY OF CROATIA, DALMATIA AND SLAVONIA IN THE FIGHT FOR THE HUNGARIAN THRONE IN THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY MA Thesis in Medieval Studies Central European University CEU eTD Collection Budapest May 2015 POPES, PRELATES, PRETENDERS: THE ROLE OF THE HIGH CLERGY OF CROATIA, DALMATIA AND SLAVONIA IN THE FIGHT FOR THE HUNGARIAN THRONE IN THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY by Mišo Petrović (Croatia) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Medieval Studies. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ Chair, Examination Committee ____________________________________________ Thesis Supervisor ____________________________________________ Examiner ____________________________________________ CEU eTD Collection Examiner Budapest May 2015 POPES, PRELATES, PRETENDERS: THE ROLE OF THE HIGH CLERGY OF CROATIA, DALMATIA AND SLAVONIA IN THE FIGHT FOR THE HUNGARIAN THRONE IN THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY by Mišo Petrović (Croatia) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Medieval Studies. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ External Reader CEU eTD Collection Budapest May 2015 POPES, PRELATES, PRETENDERS: THE ROLE OF THE HIGH CLERGY OF CROATIA, DALMATIA AND SLAVONIA IN THE FIGHT FOR THE HUNGARIAN THRONE IN THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY by Mišo Petrović (Croatia) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Medieval Studies. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU.
    [Show full text]
  • Persistence and Polychronicity in Roman Churches Dale Kinney Bryn Mawr College, [email protected]
    Bryn Mawr College Scholarship, Research, and Creative Work at Bryn Mawr College History of Art Faculty Research and Scholarship History of Art 2015 Persistence and Polychronicity in Roman Churches Dale Kinney Bryn Mawr College, [email protected] Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy . Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.brynmawr.edu/hart_pubs Part of the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons Custom Citation Kinney, Dale. 2015. "Persistence and Polychronicity in Roman Churches." In L. Pericolo and J. N. Richardson (eds.), Remembering the Middle Ages in Early Modern Italy, Brepols: 109-130. This paper is posted at Scholarship, Research, and Creative Work at Bryn Mawr College. https://repository.brynmawr.edu/hart_pubs/108 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Remembering the Middle Ages in Early Modern Italy Edited by Lorenzo Pericolo and Jessica N. Richardson F © 2015, Brepols Publishers n.v., Turnhout, Belgium. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. D/2015/0095/129 ISBN 978-2-503-55558-4 Printed in the EU on acid-free paper © BREPOLS PUBLISHERS THIS DOCUMENT MAY BE PRINTED FOR PRIVATE USE ONLY. IT MAY NOT BE DISTRIBUTED WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE PUBLISHER. Contents List of illustrations ................................................... 5 Introduction J N. R .......................................... 11 Antiquitas and the Medium Aevum: The Ancient / Medieval Divide and Italian Humanism F C ................................................ 19 Vasari in Practice, or How to Build a Tomb and Make it Work C.
    [Show full text]
  • Santa Maria Maggiore St Mary Major
    Santa Maria Maggiore St Mary Major Piazza di Santa Maria Maggiore Santa Maria Maggiore is a 5th century papal basilica, located in the rione Monti. and is notable for its extensive Early Christian mosaics. The basilica is built on the summit of the Esquiline hill, which was once a commanding position. (1) (i)! History Ancient times The church is on the ancient Cispius, the main summit of the Esquiline Hill, which in ancient times was not a heavily built-up area. Near the site had been a Roman temple dedicated to a goddess of childbirth, Juno Lucina, much frequented by women in late pregnancy. Archaeological investigations under the basilica between 1966 and 1971 revealed a 1st century building, it seems to have belonged to a villa complex of the Neratii family. (1) (k) Liberian Basilica - Foundation legend - Civil war According to the Liber Pontificalis, this first church (the so-called Basilica Liberiana or "Liberian Basilica") was founded in the August 5, 358 by Pope Liberius. According to the legend that dates from 1288 A.D., the work was financed by a Roman patrician John, and his wife. They were childless, and so had decided to leave their fortune to the Blessed Virgin. She appeared to them in a dream, and to Pope Liberius, and told them to build a church in her honor on a site outlined by a miraculous snowfall, which occurred in August (traditionally in 358). Such a patch of snow was found on the summit of the Esquiline the following morning. The pope traced the outline of the church with his stick in the snow, and so the church was built.
    [Show full text]
  • 21. Answers to the Most Common Objections Against Sedevacantism
    298 21. Answers to the Most Common Objections Against Sedevacantism Pope Vigilius, Second Council of Constantinople, 553: “… we bear in mind what was promised about the holy Church and Him who said the gates of Hell will not prevail against it (by these we understand the death-dealing tongues of heretics)…”1 There are many objections launched against the sedevacantist position – that is, the position expounded in this book according to which the Chair of St. Peter is vacant because the post- Vatican II “popes” are not true popes, but non-Catholic antipopes. We will now address all of the major objections that are launched against this position. Objection 1): The Gates of Hell cannot prevail against the Church, as Christ said (Matthew 16). He said He would be with His Church all days until the end of the world (Matthew 28). What you are saying is contrary to the promises of Christ. Answer: No, indefectibility (the promise of Christ to always be with His Church, and that the gates of Hell will not prevail against it) means that the Church will, until the end of time, remain essentially what she is. The indefectibility of the Church requires that at least a remnant of the Church will exist until the end of the world, and that a true pope will never authoritatively teach error to the entire Church. It does not exclude antipopes posing as popes (as we’ve had numerous times in the past, even in Rome) or a counterfeit sect that reduces the adherents of the true Catholic Church to a remnant in the last days.
    [Show full text]
  • History of the Rules of the Secular Franciscan Order
    History of the Rules of the Secular Franciscan Order 1221: Francis writes a letter that becomes the basic Rule (Memoriale Propositi) of the Third Order, a Franciscan Order for lay men, lay women and diocesan clergy. In the same year, Pope Honorius III writes to the Bishop of Rimini, urging him to protect the “Penitents” who are being forced to take up arms 1228: A revised version of the Letter of 1221 (To the Faithful) gives some of the precise rules required by the Church [for example, + simplicity of dress + eat meat on only three days of the week + fast every Friday + take Holy Communion three times a year + pay their tithes fully (outstanding debts or overdue tithes) + not bear arms or take up arms against anyone (some historians believe the refusal to bear arms helped bring an end to the Crusades; little wonder there was no great love for the “Penitents” among the powerful) + guide their families in living a Christian life + reconcile with neighbors (with whom they quarreled) + be free of all suspicion of heresy + take oaths only – to preserve peace, keep faith, refute slander or give evidence in court + attend Mass together once a month + pay their monthly contribution (used for the needs of the sick and needy) + attend funerals + visit the sick + offer prayers for all + make out their will within three months of profession + and settle legal disputes among themselves]; in addition, a woman needs the consent of her husband before entering the Movement 1238: Pope Gregory IX mentions the three Orders founded by St.
    [Show full text]
  • Diplomatic Communication Between the Popes and the Khan Until 1270S Mamoru FUJISAKI*
    The 10th Japanese-Korean Symposium on Medieval History of Europe (2019) Diplomatic Communication between the popes and the Khan until 1270s Mamoru FUJISAKI* 1. Three phases of papal-Mongol relations Salimbene of Parma (1221-ca. 1290), a Franciscan chronicler, tells us in his chronicle about the invasion of the Tartars. For Salimbene, it was the fifth and last invasion into Italy of various ethnic groups after those of the Vandals, Huns, Goths, and Langobards. It is true that the Mongols did not reach the peninsula of Italy, but they came as far as the Adriatic Sea, so fear of the Tartars would have penetrated deep into Italy. Salimbene points out three events in papal- Mongol relations. The first is rumors of the Tartars at the time of the pontificate of Gregory IX (ca. 1240), the second, the dispatch of John of Plano Carpini by Pope Innocent IV (1245), and the third, the mission of Gerard and his Franciscan colleagues (1278).1 This perception of Salimbene about the papal-Mongol relations is remarkable. Each of the three events represents three phases of the papal reaction in the face of the Mongols: the rumors, the diplomatic policy, and the religious mission. The Mongol invasion to Europe occurred in the 1240s. The Mongol army under the command of Batu, son of Jochi and grandson of Chinggis Khan, approached Eastern Europe after conquering certain Russian principalities, including the Principality of Kiev. The Mongol army split into two, one part of it invading eastern Poland at the end of 1240. This army defeated the allied forces of the Poles and the Germans led by Henry II the Pious, Duke of Silesia, at the Battle of Liegnitz in April 1241 and then joined Batu’s other army in Hungary.
    [Show full text]
  • Valor of Pope Nicholas IV." at the Time of the Refol'mation Henry VIII
    HISTORY OF WARWICKsmTIE. 51 quired to pay the amount of his first year's incumbency into a fund, and every succeeding year one-tenth. These first fruits and tenths were collected at their full value and applied to the use of the Pope as early as the time of Pope Nicholas IV., 1200; for this pmpose a valuation was made of all the ecclesiastical livings in England, which is still pres€l'ved in the Rebrancer's office, and designated " Valor of Pope Nicholas IV." At the time of the Refol'mation Henry VIII. passed a law, ·with the sanction of Parliament, declaring that the first fruits and tenths should be appropriated to the use of the State; and he caused an accmate and full valuation to be made of the ecclesiastical livings, which were accordingly paid into the exchequer till the reign of Queen Anne, with the exception of a short period in the reign of Philip and Mary. Queen Anne, de­ ploring the wTetched condition in which many of the clergy were placed, owing to the insufficiency of their livings, came to the deter­ mination that the first fruits and tenths should be paid into a fund called" Queen Anne's Bounty," and that the amOlmt should be appropriated to the livings of the poor clergy. No fresh valuation was made since 1535, and registered in what is called the King's Book, till that made by mder of the commission, in 1835, on which the payments are now regulated. That the payment might not operate oppressively, the first year's income was to be paid by four annual instalments, and all livings of small value were entirely exempt, and hence called "discharged livings." During the time of Popery a large portion of the tithes had been alienated from the parishes for the endowment of religious houses, or for chantreys, to say masses for the dead, &c.
    [Show full text]
  • Pope V. State : the Medieval Catholic Church As an International
    Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation http://www.archive.org/details/popevstatemedievOOeage Pope V. State: The Medieval Catholic Church as an International Governmental Organization A Senior Honors Thesis in the Department of History Sweet Briar College Elizabeth K.C. Eager Defended and Approved April 20, 2005 Dr. Laufenbergg -Thesis Project Faculty Advisor - May 6, 2005 N L^^fe^— Dr. Brister -May 6, 2005 f^^l£^ (W^ ^ r. Stegmaier - May 6, 2005 Contents Introduction 1 Case I: Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII 19 Case II: King John of England and Pope Innocent III 35 Case III: King Philip the Fair of France and Pope Boniface III 51 Conclusion 70 Appendix A: Documents from Case 1 76 Appendix B: Documents from Case II 85 Appendix C: Documents from Case III 95 Bibliography 103 Introduction The conflicts between the medieval Catholic Church, more specifically, medieval popes, and the European monarchs of the Middle Ages resulted in sovereignty disputes between church and state. The object of this thesis is to understand the nature of these power struggles and to demonstrate that the medieval Church functioned in many ways like a prototype IGO. In order to do this, an analogy will be drawn between the medieval Church and modern international governmental organizations, specifically the United Nations. The nature of the power of these two entities, and the struggles in application of their power, are similar in many ways. The goal of this project is to make church-state conflict, as well as the major figures in these episodes, more accessible.
    [Show full text]