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Evaluation and Analysis of Medical and Health Resource Allocation Efficiency in Hubei Province

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Evaluation and Analysis of Medical and Health Resource Allocation Efficiency in Hubei Province E3S Web of Conferences 214, 03048 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021403048 EBLDM 2020 Evaluation and Analysis of Medical and Health Resource Allocation Efficiency in HuBei Province Liu Jia1 1Capital University of Economics and Business Beijing Abstract—This paper evaluates and analyzes the efficiency of medical and health resource allocation in the whole country, HuBei province and 19 regions under its jurisdiction. The factors that promote technological progress, such as system reform, management ability improvement and strong policy implementation, are the important reasons that lead to the catch-up effect of resource allocation efficiency. According to the above analysis results, this paper puts forward some suggestions to improve the practical problems. several special cities. HuanGgang city's population is close to 2/3 of WuHan city, and the number of medical 1 NTRODUCTION I and health institutions can catch up with WuHan city. In December 2019, a new type of coronavirus pneumonia ShiYan city also has a similar situation. XiaoGan and (COVID-19) broke out in HuBei province and spread JingMen, on the contrary, the number of health rapidly around the world. The 19th national congress of institutions is small and the population is large. The the communist party of China (CPC) put forward the urbanization rate of HuBei province is relatively stable. strategic plan of building a "healthy China", which Number of medical and health institutions provides a development route with Chinese Number of permanent residents at the end of the year characteristics for the reform of China's medical and (ten thousand) Urbanization rate (%) health system, benefiting the whole nation, the whole 5000 1200 4000 1000 cycle and all aspects. The outbreak has highlighted many 80% 59.9% 54.7% 800 3000 55.1% 65.4% 57.9% 62.9% shortcomings in the development of China's medical and 56.4% 57.6% 600 50.8%56.3% 2000 54.8% 52.5% 53.2% health undertakings, such as the shortage of medical and 45.9% 47.1% 48.8% 400 health resources and the weak construction of rural 1000 200 medical and health care. Therefore, it is necessary to 0 0 i n g g u u g n u h g en ao g en u n ia a an an ho ho an Ya ho S in T an ho a gj calculate the input and output efficiency of China's uH G Y Z iz h hi Z ng N nM n Ji gM Z oG n g ng g h iC S ui a an a ia n n E ia o W an ia in S Y S u i Ti X ia Ji X N u X J n H X Q en medical and health resources. Through the evaluation, we H E Sh can face up to the current situation and problems in the Figure 1. Population, medical institutions and urbanization of HuBei allocation of medical and health resources, and find out province in 2017. the gap, the direction and method for improvement. B. Large differences in medical and health expenditure. 2 THERE ARE GREAT DIFFERENCES IN THE The proportion of HuBei provincial government's medical and health expenditure in the regional GDP fluctuates DISTRIBUTION OF MEDICAL AND HEALTH greatly (see Figure 2). WuHan has the largest number of RESOURCES IN 17 CITIES AND PREFECTURES IN medical and health institutions and the largest population, HUBEI PROVINCE. but its medical and health investment is relatively low, ranking just ahead of QianJiang and EZhou, accounting The uneven distribution of medical and health resources for only 1.04% of GDP. EnShi, ShenNongjia and in cities and prefectures in HuBei province is closely HuanGgang are far ahead of other cities in spending about related to population distribution, urbanization degree and 4% of GDP on health care. In the remaining 11 cities, regional economic development. health spending accounted for more than 2 per cent of GDP in four and more than 1 per cent in seven. In the A. The distribution of medical and health institutions is aspect of medical and health investment, there is a ladder ladder. distribution between cities and states in HuBei province. From the perspective of the number of medical and health institutions, the cities and states in HuBei province are distributed in steps. According to the matching degree of medical and health institutions and population, there are [email protected] © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). E3S Web of Conferences 214, 03048 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021403048 EBLDM 2020 6% 4.93% Budgetary expenditure on health care 5% 4.40% and family planning (100 million 3.96% X1 4% yuan) 3% 2.59% 2.43% 1.84% 2.14% 2.13% 1.74% 1.57% 2% 1.79% Input Urban per capita medical care 0.76% 1.40% 1.91% indicators X2 expenditure (yuan) 1% 1.02% 1.43% 1.11% 1.31% 1.04% 0% e ei n hi n u g g u n n g g u u o n g ia Rural per capita medical care id B a S a ho an an ho e a an in ho ho Ta e an gj a u uH ng iY Z h Y Z gM oG G N Z iz n M Ji n nw H a Sh g iC g E n ia g an ui h ia an n o X3 expenditure (yuan) io W u in Y an Ji X an i S S X Ti ia nN at H J i u X n Q e N X H E Sh B. Empirical analysis results analysis Figure 2. Proportion of medical and health expenditure in regional Observation the results, we can draw the following GDP in 2017. conclusions: C. Uneven per capita ownership of medical and health The effective allocation of medical resources in resources. HuBei province for ShiYan, EZhou, ShenNongjia By comparing the number of medical and health service forest areas, the common point of these three personnel, we can understand the actual medical service areas is that the per capita access to more medical level and the real gap between different regions. and health services, the input and output of the According to figure 3, the trend of the number of licensed matching degree is relatively high. doctors, registered nurses and beds per 1,000 population The areas where the pure technical efficiency is in each city and prefecture of HuBei province is basically effective are WuHan, YiChang, XianNing and the same. Based on the data of three indicators, the TianMen, but these four areas are non-effective number of the areas with outstanding performance is high, units, which indicates that the scale efficiency still including WuHan, ShiYan, YiChang, EnShi prefecture, needs to be improved, and it needs to be improved xiangyang city and ShenNongjia forest region. The from the aspects of system and management. second tier consists of HuangShi city, EZhou city, JingMen city, HuanGgang city and XianNing city. The Other cities in HuBei province are not effective weakest areas are JingZhou (with a large population), areas for resource allocation, need to be corrected. XiaoGan, SuiZhou, XianTao, TianMen and QianJiang. TABLE II. EMPIRICAL RESULTS OF MEDICAL AND HEALTH RESOURCE Nationwaide ShenNongjia HuBei Number of ALLOCATION EFFICIENCY IN 2017 QianJiang WuHan licensed (assistant) physician s per TianMen HuangShi Scale 1000 population Ord Technical Pure technical Scale Region efficienc Number of -er efficiency efficiency Return y XianTao S h i Ya n registered nurses per 1000 En Shizhou Jing Zho u pop ulat io n 1 Nationwaide 1.000 1.000 1.000 — Number of beds 2 HuBei 0.717 1.000 0.717 drs per 1000 SuiZhou YiChang pop ulat io n 3 WuHan 0.746 1.000 0.746 drs XianNing X iang Yang 4 HuangShi 0.596 0.853 0.699 drs HuangGan g EZhou Xia oG aJingMen n 5 ShiYan 1.000 1.000 1.000 — 6 JingZhou 0.525 0.557 0.943 drs Figure 3. Medical and health conditions of HuBei province by region 7 YiChang 0.766 1.000 0.766 drs in 2017 8 XiangYang 0.680 0.830 0.819 drs 9 EZhou 1.000 1.000 1.000 — 3 EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS 10 JingMen 0.643 0.852 0.755 drs 11 XiaoGan 0.798 0.807 0.989 drs A. Analysis Method 12 HuanGgang 0.652 0.834 0.783 drs Data envelopment analysis (DEA) method is a method to 13 XianNing 0.848 1.000 0.848 drs evaluate the relative effectiveness under the condition of multi-input and multi-output. It is used to evaluate the 14 SuiZhou 0.771 0.773 0.999 irs efficiency between inputs and outputs of similar decision 15 En Shizhou 0.966 0.997 0.970 drs making units, compare the relative effectiveness of the 16 XianTao 0.519 0.712 0.728 drs efficiency between decision making units, and find the 17 TianMen 0.853 1.000 0.853 irs ratio of inputs and outputs close to the optimal production 18 QianJiang 0.733 0.944 0.777 drs frontier. The models used in this paper are DEA-BC2 model for static analysis respectively. 19 ShenNongjia 1.000 1.000 1.000 — mean 0.780 0.903 0.863 This paper selects three indicators as the input indicators and four output indicators which showed in C. Output shortage and input redundancy analysis.
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