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A New Species of Triaenophora (Scrophulariaceae) from China

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A New Species of Triaenophora (Scrophulariaceae) from China Xiao-Dong Li and Jian-Qiang Li Herbarium (HIB), Wuhan Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China. [email protected]; [email protected] (for correspondence) Yanyan Zan Shennongjia National Natural Reserve, Hubei 442421, People's Republic of China ABSTRACT. A new species of Triaenophora Soler- Perennial herbs, 10±60 cm tall, leaves and stems eder, T. shennongjiaensis X. D. Li, Y. Y. Zan & J. with sparse non-glandular and dense glandular Q. Li (Scrophulariaceae), is described and illus- hairs; roots pale yellow, ¯eshy, brittle; stem very trated from Shennongjia National Natural Reserve, short; leaves in a basal rosette, oblong to elliptic, Hubei Province, China. The new species is related 8±20 3 5±10 cm, densely glandular or pilose on to T. rupestris (Hemsley) Solereder, from which it both surfaces, base subcordate to cuneate, margins differs in having densely glandular leaves, dentate dentate, apex obtuse; petioles 3±6 cm long. In¯o- bract margins, and pale yellow petals that are re- rescence racemose, main raceme suberect, lateral tuse or rarely obtuse at their apices. racemes prostrate, bracts in lower parts resembling Key words: China, Scrophulariaceae, Triaeno- basal leaves, 20±50 cm long, compact, 12- to 54- phora. ¯owered; bracts similar to leaves but smaller, ob- long, margins dentate; pedicels 5±25 mm long; Triaenophora Solereder (Scrophulariaceae) was bracteoles 2 at middle of pedicels, linear, opposite, separated from the genus Rehmannia Liboschitz ex 3±20 mm long. Flower with calyx cylindrical, tube Fischer & C. A. Meyer, on the basis of its three- 5±8 mm long, erect, 5-lobed with each lobe 3- lobed calyx (Solereder, 1909). Triaenophora is dis- toothed, the teeth linear, irregularly acuminate, 6± tributed in western and northwestern Hubei and 12 mm long; corolla pale yellow, 4±6.5 cm long, Chongqin in China, with only two species, T. ru- pilose abaxially, glabrous adaxially, corolla tube pestris (Hemsley) Solereder in Hubei and T. integra elongate, erect or slightly curved, 3±4.5 cm long, (Li) Ivanina in Chongqin (Forbes & Hemsley, 1890; 1±1.5 cm diam., often with purplish red spots and Li, 1948; Ivanina, 1955; Chin, 1979). These two glands within the throat, corolla 2-lipped, lobes species are similar in general appearance, but the with apices obtuse or rarely retuse, superior lobe latter species has smaller leaves, which are round- separated by deeper sinuses, narrower, 2-toothed, ed at the tip and entire instead of acute and serrate. 8±15 3 6±10 mm, inferior lobes 3-toothed, 8±15 The new species was collected from the Panlong 3 4±8 mm; stamens 4, included, anthers 2±3 mm cavern, Shennongjia National Natural Reserve, Hu- long; ovary ovoid, glabrous, ca. 3.5 cm long, styles bei, China. It appears most closely related to T. included, stigma bi®d. Capsules oblong, 8±15 3 8 rupestris (Hemsley) Solereder, but differs from it in mm; seeds numerous, minute, ca. 1 3 0.5 mm, having densely glandular leaves, dentate bract mar- oblong, laevigate. gins, and pale yellow petals that are retuse or rarely obtuse apically. Distribution. China, Hubei Province, Shenno- ngjia National Natural Reserve and elsewhere, in- Triaenophora shennongjiaensis X. D. Li, Y. Y. cluding Badong and Xingshan counties (see para- Zan & J. Q. Li, sp. nov. TYPE: China. Hubei: types); 700 to 1200 m. The distribution of this new Shennongjia Nat. Nat. Res., Panlong cavern, species indicates that it is rare. Only 6 populations 110ë279580E, 31ë249410N, 8 Aug. 2003, Yan- containing a total of about 600 to 700 individuals yan Zan 238 (holotype, HIB). Figure 1. were found in Shennongjia and neighboring moun- tains. The type population consists of only about Species T. rupestri Solereder af®nis, sed foliis utrinque 100 individuals in nearly inaccessible sites on the dense glandulosis vel laxe pilosis, bracteis margine den- tatis, corollas luteolis, apice retusis vel raro rotundatis dif- limestone cliff near Panlong cavern. Triaenophora fert. shennongjiaensis is an endangered species that is NOVON 15: 559±561. PUBLISHED ON 12 DECEMBER 2005. 560 Novon Figure 1. Triaenophora shennongjiaensis X. D. Li, Y. Y. Zan & J. Q. Li. ÐA. Habit. ÐB. Longitudinal section of ¯ower. ÐC. Calyx, showing teeth. ÐD. Corolla. Drawn by G. X. Chen. endemic to the limestone habitats. Intensive Fang counties of Hubei and Wuxi, Wulong, Wush- searches to locate additional native populations as an, and Chengkou counties of Chongqin. well as strict conservation measures to safeguard the known populations are urgently needed. Triaen- Phenology. Flowering late June to mid October. ophora shennongjiaensis and T. rupestris have allo- Both species have been cultivated in Wuhan Bo- patric distributions: the former in Shennongjia Na- tanical Garden for one year, from July 2003 to July tional Natural Reserve, Badong, Xingshan, and 2004. Triaenophora shennongjiaensis ¯owers in ear- Baokang; and the latter in Lichuan, Zhuxi, and ly May, whereas T. rupestris ¯owers in mid June. Volume 15, Number 4 Li et al. 561 2005 Triaenophora (Scrophulariaceae) The diagnostic characters of both species, namely, Acknowledgments. The project was supported the morphology of the bracts, the ¯oral morphology, by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Wuhan the color of the petals, and the pubescence, are Botanical Garden, CAS (KSCX2-SW-104, basically stable and show no differences between 05035123, 01035123). cultivated and native specimens. Paratypes. CHINA. Hubei: Badong County, Yutougou Literature Cited village, 20 Aug. 2003, Xiaodong Li 0122 (HIB); Baokang County, 38.5 km along road from Maqiao to Xiema, 31 Chin, T. L. 1979. Triaenophora. In: T. P. Tsoong & H. P. July 2003, Xiaodong Li 0138 (HIB); 12 Aug. 2004, Xiao- Yang (editors), Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, To- dong Li 0158 (HIB); Xingshan County, Xiangping village, mus 67(2): 220±222. Science Press, Beijing. 16 July 2003, Xiaodong Li 0131 (HIB). Forbes, F. B. & W. B. Hemsley. 1890. An enumeration of all the plants known from China proper, Formosa, Hai- nap, Corea, the Luchu Archipelago, and the Island of KEY TO THE SPECIES OF TRIAENOPHORA Hongkong, together with their distribution and synon- 1a. Leaves bigger, tip acute, and margin serrate. ymy. J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 195. 2a. Bract margins entire; corolla purple-red, api- Ivanina, L. 1955. Novyi rod sem. Scrophlariaceae. Genus ces obtuse ............... 1. T. rupestris novum Scrophulariacearum. Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. 2b. Bract margins dentate; corolla pale yellow, Kom. Acad. Sci. URSS 17: 393. f. 1±4. apices retuse or rarely obtuse ....... Li, H. L. 1948. A revision of the genus Rehmannia. Tai- ..................2. T. shennongjiaensis wania 1: 71±82. 1b. Leaves relatively smaller, tip rounded, and mar- Solereder, H. 1909. Uber die Gattung Rehmannia. Bericht gin entire ................... 3. T. integra Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 27: 390±404. f. 1±7..
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