Mission La Purisima William A
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Fall 2019 Journal of the California Garden & Landscape History Society Volume 22, Number 4 JOURNAL OF THE CALIFORNIA GARDEN & LANDSCAPE HISTORY SOCIETY EDEN EDITORIAL BOARD Editor: Steven Keylon Editorial Board: Keith Park (Chair), Kate Nowell, Ann Scheid, Susan Schenk, Libby Simon, Jennifer Trotoux Consulting Editors: Marlea Graham, Barbara Marinacci Regional Correspondent, San Diego: Vonn Marie May Graphic Design: designSimple.com Submissions: Send scholarly papers, articles, and book reviews to the editor: [email protected] Memberships/Subscriptions: Join the CGLHS and receive a subscription to Eden. Individual $50 • Family $75 Sustaining $150 and above Student $20 Nonprofit/Library $50 Visit www.cglhs.org to join or renew your membership. Or mail check to California Garden & Landscape History Society, PO Box 220237, Newhall, CA 91322-0237. Questions or Address Changes: [email protected] CGLHS BOARD OF DIRECTORS President: Christine E. O’Hara Vice President: David Laws Recording Secretary: Nancy Carol Carter Membership Officer: Antonia Adezio Treasurer: Judy Horton Directors at large: Kelly Comras, Keith Park, Ann Scheid, Libby Simon, Jennifer Trotoux Past President: Steven Keylon HONORARY LIFE MEMBERS Contents VLT Gardner Marlea Graham, Editor emerita A Brief History and Description of Mission La Purisima William A. Grant (Founder) Douglas Nelson .......................................................................................................................................4 Barbara Marinacci David Streatfield The CCC “Mission Garden” at La Purisima and its Forgotten The California Garden & Landscape History Society (CGLHS) is a nonprofit Designers 501(c)(3) membership organization devoted to celebrating the beauty and Susan Chamberlin ..............................................................................................................................14 diversity of California’s historic gardens and landscapes; promoting wider knowledge, preservation, and restoration of California’s historic gardens and landscapes; organizing study visits to historic gardens and landscapes as well Louis Brandt (1887-1939): Landscape Architect for the National as to relevant archives and libraries; and offering opportunities for a lively Park Service in California interchange among members at meetings, garden visits, and other events. Susan Chamberlin .............................................................................................................................38 Above: The reconstructed bell tower at La Eden: Journal of the California Garden & Landscape History Society (ISBN 1524- Purisima Mission State Historic Park is based 8062) is published quarterly. Subscription is a benefit of CGLHS membership. on the one at Mission Santa Ynez. The pink color was determined from plaster fragments © 2019 California Garden & Landscape History Society discovered by the archaeologists. Prickly pear cactus (Opuntia sp.) is native to the southwest California Garden & Landscape History Society and was used by the Spanish for food and P.O. Box 220237, Newhall, CA 91322-0237 The unique columns of the reconstructed Residence Building with hollyhocks at their bases as specified in the “Landscape Plan for Mission Garden” drawn by Louis Brandt. Photographer hedging. Photo by Susan Chamberlin. www.cglhs.org unknown; Community Development and Conservation Collection, Department of Special Research Collections, UCSB Library, University of California, Santa Barbara. 2 Eden: Journal of the California Garden & Landscape History Society Fall 2019 • Vol. 22, No. 4 3 A Brief History and Description of Mission La Purisima DOUGLAS NELSON HISTORICAL LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT The beautiful and dramatic rural agricultural setting of the mission remains largely unchanged from its historic period. The mission is located at the base of the Burton Mesa and the Purisima Hills. This view looks across the Santa Ynez Valley. Photo by the author. 4 Eden: Journal of the California Garden & Landscape History Society Fall 2019 • Vol. 22, No. 4 5 Above: View from the entry path towards the This article is adapted from an Historic American Landscapes Survey (HALS) documentation cemetery, bell tower, and church (left to right). that was prepared in 2012 by Douglas Nelson and Kerri Liljegren. HALS is administered by Photo by the author. the National Park Service with a mission to record historic landscapes in the United States Right: This partial site plan was created by the and its territories through measured drawings, written histories, and large-format photo- author at the time the HALS report was written. graphs. Similar to the Historic American Building Survey (HABS) and the Historic American The central fountain is hidden by foliage in this Engineering Record (HAER), HALS documentation is held by the Library of Congress and is drawing. made available to the general public. The documentation of Mission La Purisima was part of an exemplary communal effort of the HALS Northern California Chapter that documented 16 of the 21 California Missions. etween 1769 and 1823, the Spanish Empire set out to colonize California by establishing a chain of missions along the California coast. Eventually, twenty-one missions were estab- lished along El Camino Real, spaced about Bthirty miles apart, the distance traveled on horseback in a day or three days on foot. The missions were established to convert the local natives to Christianity and to sup- port and protect the frontier colony. In turn, the Spanish introduced European livestock, fruits and vegetables, horses, and grazing to the region. The missions have gone through many phases since their origin as thriving settle- ments under the Spanish Empire. During Mexican rule, 1821 to 1848, the missions entered a period of declining 6 Eden: Journal of the California Garden & Landscape History Society Fall 2019 • Vol. 22, No. 4 7 Above: This Restored General Plan was printed population and resources, leading eventually to the aban- agricultural area that closely resembles the set- and the mission buildings set against a Above: Close-up of the bell tower, church (right), in a ca. 1940s promotional brochure. Courtesy ting of the mission’s early history. wooded hillside in the background. and cemetery wall (left). Photo by the author. Lompoc Valley Historical Society. donment of many of the missions. A revival of interest in The Mission’s primary period of signifi- The three main buildings of the mission California history and the romanticization of California’s cance begins with the start of construction on are set in a row along the base of the valley’s this site in 1812 by the Spanish and continues north hills and comprise the church, the Spanish heritage in the early twentieth century led to through 1834 and its secularization under the shops and soldiers’ quarters, and the padres’ many of the missions being restored and preserved as his- Mexican government. A secondary period of residence. Visitors first approach the church significance, 1934 to 1941, recognizes the and bell tower as they walk across the grassy toric landmarks. Some missions remain active as Catholic twentieth-century historic preservation and field. With its pink-painted stucco exterior, parish churches. Today, the missions are some of Cali- reconstruction work by California State Parks, the bell tower is the mission’s most prominent fornia’s oldest and most significant structures and serve the National Park Service, and the Civilian structure and serves as a focal point. The bell Conservation Corps. tower is part of a larger adobe wall structure as important educational and interpretive centers of the that surrounds the historic cemetery. Aside state’s cultural history. DESCRIPTION from a small portion of the original church walls that remained when the reconstruction The site of the mission is in Purisima of the property began in 1935, the bell tower, Canyon (historically called “La Cañada de cemetery walls and church have been recon- SIGNIFICANCE miles away. La Purisima is notable among the los Berros,” the Valley of the Watercress) structed. Directly adjacent to the church is missions because of its extensive and well- near where it meets the larger Santa Ynez the rebuilt Shops and Quarters which include La Misión de La Purísima Concepción de researched reconstruction in the 1930s by the River Valley. The site is entered by an access two courtyards on the rear side of the building la Santísima Virgen María was founded in National Park Service and the Civilian Con- road that leads to a twentieth-century visitor that are enclosed by walls and interconnected 1787 as the eleventh mission in the chain. servation Corps (CCC). The reconstruction center and adjacent parking lot. From there, by a doorway. The courtyards are functional The site was established as an important mid- project involved rebuilding nearly the entire visitors follow a path along a small ripar- spaces that had served as extensions of the point between the missions at San Luis Obispo property with original tools and methods. The ian corridor to a footbridge that crosses the workshops and now include outdoor ovens and Santa Barbara. After an earthquake in mission is now part of the California State creek. Once on the other side, the riparian called ‘hornos,’ an olive crusher and vessels for 1812 that destroyed the original pueblo, a Parks system. Also of note, La Purisima is one tree cover opens to a dramatic view of the rendering tallow. Next to the Shops and Quar- new mission was started the