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Saint-Exupery LOS ULTIMOS AÑOS DE LA VIDA DE ANT( DE AGOSTO DE 1939 A JULI0 DE 1944 - -. por GABRI1.I. M? JORDh LLl'I'LKAS - Entre el rnes de agosto de 193'1 y el mcs de juiio de motivo por el que se ha querido alejarle de la prirncra 1944 se gest0 y vio la luz una parte crlnsidcrable de ka linea: "On veut faire de mui. ici, un moniteur rion seulc- obra de Antoine de Saint-Exupdry. ment de navigation mais dc pllotage de gros bontbardiers. Bnsalzado y olvidado, recomendado como modelo iZlors j'dtouffc, je suis malheureux, et je ne puls que me para 10s jóvencs para, mas tarde, ser comparado a l'intln, taire. Sauve-mol, f:ais-moi partir dans une cscadrille ric con clara ventaja para este Último, Saint-Exupéry, cuyas chasse. Tu sais bien que je n'al pas Ic gout dc la guerrc. obras han sido ~raducidas al suajiri, sigue siendo, en mais i1 m'est impc~ssihie de rester ;i l'arrierc ct de ne pas embargo, según las encuestas Ilevadas a cabo por R. prendrc ma part dc risquc ..." Escarpit, unr) de 10s escritores franceses mis leídos y co- Ccux qui ont une "valeur", 5'11s sont le se1 de la nocidos. terre, alors 11s doiverit se mE1cr i la terrc. On nc peut pas Si bien el conocimientu de la biografia de un autor dire "nous" si on se sépare, Ou alrlrs, si on dit "riuus'; siempre nos iluminari para comprender rncjor su obra. en on cst un sa~aud".~ el caso de Antoine de Saint-f7xup6ry este conocimientu se Sin cmbargu sus csfuerzc~srcsultan vanos. Tal vez ha convierte en algo irnprescindihle para entender a un liorn- olvidado que tiene treinta y nueve afios y, como WIISC- bre que, a pesar de la opmión de algunos críticus, sigue cuencia de su accidente en (;uatemala, un hombro casi siendo uno de 10s autores mas rcprcsentativos de la "litte- paralíkico. rature engagée" del per iodo de "l'entre-deux-guerres". Giraudoux !e c~freccun puestrl crl el Servicio de Pro- Sos proponemrls recordar aqui cdmo fueron los ulti- paganda, pero Salnt-Exupéry 10 rccha~a.Oigamos su upi- mos anos de la vida dei autor del Petit fince. riión sobre d~hoscrvicio: " Iss iritellcctuels se tlcnncni En agosto dc 1939 Saint-Exupéry se encontraba en el cn réserve, commc des put> dc cunfiture, porlr etre hotel Ritz Carlton de Nueva York. Para 10s franceses fue mangés apres la gucrre ...". 3 aquella una epoca de tristeza c inquietud, "Deja &ans nos I'or fin, después dc muchas gestiuncs, consigue su provinces les paysans marchent la tite hassc, auprbs de proposito, t:l 1% de novicrnbrc es destinado, con el grado leurs chevaux qu'ils menent i ¡a requisition. Il'autres de capitán, a un grupu alreo de reconocimiento, el 2/33, transportent la paille qui servira aux fourgons et, dzns les cuyas basci SC encuentran a Saint-Diner y Vitry-le-Fran- villes, les kiosqucs a journaux sont prls d'assaut i l'annon- $OIS. ce du pacte germano-soviétique, On s'arrache I'IIumani- La unidad se hospedaha en cl pucblo de Orconte: y té".' allí el cscritor fue admitido sin reticencias prlr sus compa- Muchos de 10s franceses quc se encontraban en el ñcros. Este es el recuerdo de uno de los jefcs de cscuadri- extranjero decidieron regresar, Salnt-ExupCry formaba par- lla, el general Gelée: "We were proud yet a littlc appre- te de ellos y, cinco días antes de la declaración de la hcnsive whcn heard he was coming to UF.. For by then guerra, ya SC cncontraba en su pais. he was quite an illustrlous figurc. But uur fears provcd Movilizado, Antoinc cs destinado a la base de Tou- groundlcss. What impressed us most about him was his louse-Mauntaudran. El Estado Mayor, considerando que sc humility ... There had heen a cunsplracy amongst his trata de un escritor de gran renombre y pensando en frierids to get hlm a safc jub, and hc was almost patheti- alejar10 de 10s peligros del frente, ha decidido que sirva caHy grateful to be accepted in a fighting unit".' como monitor de pilotaje y navegación aerea de bombar- Esta opini611 heri confirmada por la del jefe del gru- deros. Pero el trabajo de monitor no gusta a Antoine. I11 po: el comandante Alias: "I1 est d'un courage exception- qdere volar como piloto de caza y, para lograrlo, recurre a sus amigos de Paris, lnvocando en su defcnsa el mismo C~rtacltada por hlmc. dc Samt-Exupdry (rnadrc) en d prblo o d 1 ertres li sa merc. Paris, Galhmard, 1955, p. 26. ' 'h, de Guerre. Pdrii, Calbmard, 1942, p. 13. I PTERRE CHEVRTER: Anroine de Saint-Exupkry. Libralrle R. RUklBOLD AND M. STEIi'ART Ihc W'mged I.!fc. 12 Gaüimard, Parla, 1949, p, 214. 1,undon. C;. We~denfeld,1954, p. 165. [NE DE SAINT-EXUPERY nel. I1 n'est pourtant pas pour lui question d'ignorer les había querido dejarle un paraguas, le regal6 uno nuevo al risques, vous pensez bien! Ici, tout le monde l'aime éga- dia siguiente. Migeo, al recordar esta anécdota, verá en lement pour sa modestie, sa gentiliesse, sa généro~ité".~ Cécile a la inspiradora de algunos pasajes de Citadelle: A través de las páginas de Pilote de Guerre conoce- "Plus tard, en lisant Citadelle, i1 m'est venu a l'esprit que, mos las peligrosas misiones llevadas a cabo por el grupo, peut-ttre, dans son exil, Saint-Exupéry avait pensé A la 2/33, sus aviones mal equipados cuyos mandos se helaban petite Cécile d'orconte lorsqu'il fait dire au chef: "Une al alcanzar el aparato una gran altitud, la carencia de petite filie en larmes ... son chagrin m'a ébloui ... Si je piezas de repuesto y, también, conocemos 10s camaradas refuse de la reconnaitre, je refuse une part du monde ... de Saint-Ex., sobre todo a Hochedé, "qui est une 'sorte Mais que cette petite fille soit consolée. Car alors seule- de saint, qui a atteint cet état de don permanent qui est ment le monde va bien".1° sans doute l'achivement de homme me".^ Sabemos cual fue A Saint-Exupéry siempre le han gustado 10s niños. El el destino de Hochedé: "Malheureux Hochedé qui, dans mundo de la infancia está presente en todas sus obras. un vol d'entrainement, en Lightning, au dessus de la baie Pero cuando la injusticia de la guerra le hace exclamar: dxlger, en 1943, fit, dans la mer, une chute inexplicable, "Nous pouvons admirer, sans horreur, les torsades de suie et fut tu6 net"." et de cendre que ces terres a volcans débitent lentement Para Saint-Exupéry 10s lazos que unian a sus compa- vers le ciel. Et cependant en m6me temps que le grain ñeros eran semejantes a 10s que existían entre 10s hom- des greniers, que I'hCritage des générations, que les tresors bres de la linea. El grupo 2/33 fue una metamorfosis del familiaux, c'est la chair des enfants br016s qui, dilapidée equipo del Aeropostal. en fumée, engraisse lentement ce cumulus noir",' y Este espiritu de compañerismo no impide que cuando después de nueve años de matrimoni0 parece Antoine sienta a veces las diferencias de carácter, forma- haber perdido la esperanza de tener "de petits Antoine" a ción y, sobre todo, de ideas que le separan de algunos quien dar su "provision d'amour paternel",' la nostalgia camaradas: "Les camarades Ca pose de bien difficiles pro- del mundo de la infancia se hace mas intensa. Acostum- blemes. Des problkmes sur la quaiité morale d'abord ... On bra, durante sus ratos de ocio, dibujar un niño persiguien- a tellement préféré toute sa vie ceux qui aimaient Bach A do mariposas. A Hochedé, que le había preguntado por ceux qui aimaient le tango ... 11s ne se battent pas pour qué tenia esta costumbre, le responderá: "Parce que c'est sauver la civilisation ou ce qu'elie enferme".8 une idée qui m'est chere: courir apres un rtve irréali- Durante 10s meses que preceden a la ofensiva ale- sable.' mana Saint-Exupdry se desanima. Esta "dr6le de guerre En Orconte Saint-Exupéry pasa también mucho tiem- au ralenti"9 le decepciona. La compañia de la familia po hablando de filosofia con un compañero, el teniente propietaria de la granja en la que se ha instalado le ayuda Bougerol. Antoine desconoce que Bougerol es religioso a hacer mis llevaderos estos meses. Marcel Migeo nos franciscano hasta el dia en que le verá oficiar una misa cuenta la amistad que nació entre una hija de la familia, en el quirófano de la base. El oficial André George nos Cdcile, de cuatro años, y el piloto, y &mo éste último, describe esta relación: "Saint-Exupéry discutait beaucoup habiendo visto sollozar a la niña porque su madre no avec le P. Bougerol, un Franciscain ancien aum6nier des Scouts de l'Air, dont la guerre avait fait un lieutenan4 MARIA DE CRISENOY: Antoine de Saint-Exupkry, pob te et aviateur. Paris, Spes, 1951, p. 161. ' MARCEL MIGEO: Saint-Exupkry. Paris, Flammarion, PilOte de Guerre. p. 51. 1958, 214. ' GEORGES PELISSIER: Les Cinq Visages de Saint-Empd- ' 'ün sens d ia vie. Paris, Galiimard, 1956. p. 204. Articulo ry. Paris, Flammarion, 1951, p. 38. titulado Le pilote et les puissances naturelles, 16 aoiit 1939. Lettre de guerre d un ami. Figaro Littéraire, 27 juillet l2 Lettres d sa m&e. p. 145. 1957. l3 R. DELANGE: La vie de Saint-Exupkry. Paris, Editions du Seuil, 1948, p.
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