MA Jainology

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

MA Jainology à. 3. O¡Z {MÌH$bm Ho$ ~mao _| {dñVma go g_PmB`oŸ& D001 MJCRP101 Explain in detail about Jain Painting. AWdm / OR E_.E. (nydm©Õ©) narjm - 2015 {H$Ýht VrZ O¡Z _pÝXam| Ho$ d¡{eîQ²>` na àH$me S>m{bEŸ& (nÌmMma nmR>²`H«$_) Throw light on the characteristics of any three Jain Temples. {df` … O¡Z{dÚm Ed§ VwbZmË_H$ Y_© VWm Xe©Z àW_ nÌ … O¡Z B{Vhmg, g§ñH¥${V, gm{hË` Ed§ H$bm à. 4. O¡Z AmJ_ go Amn Š`m g_PVo h¢? {H$Ýht Xmo O¡Z AmJ_m| Ho$ ~mao _| {b{IEŸ& g_` … 3.00 KÊQ>o nyUmªH$ … 80 What do you mean by Jain Agam? Write about any two Jain Agams. AWdm / OR {ZX}e …g^r àíZm| Ho$ CÎma Xr{OEŸ& g^r àíZm| Ho$ A§H$ g_mZ h¢Ÿ& O¡Z ì`m»`m gm{hË` na EH$ {Z~§Y {b{IEŸ& Note : Attempt all questions. Each question carries equal marks. Write an essay on Jain explanatory literature. à. 1. ^JdmZ A[aîQ>Zo{_ Ho$ OrdZ Ed§ Xe©Z na àH$me S>m{bEŸ& à. 5. {ZåZm§{H$V _| go {H$Ýht Xmo na {Q>ßnUr {b{IE - Explain the Life and Philosophy of Lord Aristnemi. Write short notes on any two of the following - AWdm / OR (i) Xme©{ZH$ gm{hË`/Philosophical Literature ^JdmZ _hmdra Ho$ OrdZ Am¡a Xe©Z na àH$me S>m{bEŸ& (ii) M[aV gm{hË`/Charitra Literature Throw light on the life and Philosophy of lord Mahaveera. (iii) O¡Z nd©/Jain Festival (iv) H$mì` gm{hË`/Literature of Poetry à. 2. AqhgH$ OrdZ e¡br H$s {deofVmE§ {b{IEŸ& Write the characteristics of Non-violent way of life. AWdm / OR VrW©ñWmZ go Amn Š`m g_PVo h¢? {H$Ýht Xmo O¡Z VrW©ñWmZm| H$m dU©Z H$s{OEŸ& What do you mean by Pilgrimage? Explain any two Jain places of pilgrimage. (ii)(ii) (i) P.T.O./H¥$.n¥.C. AWdm / OR D002 MJCRP102 lmdH$mMma na EH$ {Z~ÝY {bI|Ÿ& E_.E. (nydm©Õ©) narjm - 2015 Write an essay on 'Sravakachara'. (nÌmMma nmR>²`H«$_) {df` … O¡Z{dÚm Ed§ VwbZmË_H$ Y_© VWm Xe©Z à. 4. "Amdí`H$' H$m ñdê$n ~VmVo hþE CgHo$ à`moOZ Ed§ _mhmËå` na àH$me S>mb|Ÿ& {ÛVr` nÌ … O¡Z VÎd _r_m§gm Ed§ AmMma _r_m§gm Explain the nature of 'Aavashyaka' illustrating its purpose and importance. g_` … 3.00 KÊQ>o nyUmªH$ … 80 AWdm / OR {ZX}e …g^r àíZm| Ho$ CÎma Xr{OEŸ& g^r àíZm| Ho$ A§H$ g_mZ h¢Ÿ& narfh {H$VZo h¢? CZHo$ CËn{Îm Ho$ H$maUm| H$mo ~VmVo hþE narfhmo§ H$s {dñV¥V Note : Attempt all questions. Each question carries equal marks. ì`m»`m H$a|Ÿ& à. 1. O¡Z Xe©Z Ho$ AZwgma Ðì` H$s AdYmaUm H$m {ddoMZ H$a|? How many 'Parishaha' are there? Define in detail giving reasons Explain the concept of Dravya according to Jain Philosophy? for their creation. AWdm / OR à. 5. Zd VÎdm| _| _moj Ho$ gmYH$-~mYH$ VÎd H$m¡Zgo h¢? ñnîQ> H$a|Ÿ& O¡Z Xe©Z Ho$ AZwgma bmoH$ Ho$ ñdê$n na àH$me S>mb|Ÿ& Which among the nine categories of truth are helpful for and which Throw light on Loka as believed in Jain Darshan? are hindering in attainment of Emanicipation? Discuss. AWdm / OR à. 2. O¡Z Xe©Z _| ñdrH¥$V fS>Ord{ZH$m` H$s AdYmaUm H$m {dñVma go {ddoMZ H$a|Ÿ& O¡Z Xe©Z _| g§Wmam H$s AdYmaUm H$m dU©Z H$aVo hþE, g§Wmam Am¡a AmË_hË`m Explain in detail the concept of 'Sadjeev Nikaya' as accepted in _| Š`m AÝVa h¡, ñnîQ> H$a|Ÿ& the Jain Philosophy. Explaining the concept of 'Santhara' in jainism clarify the AWdm / OR difference between santhara and suicide. O¡Z Xe©Z _| à{Vnm{XV "H$mb Am¡a AmH$me' Ðì` H$m {ddoMZ H$a|? Explain the concept of 'Time and space' according to Jain Philosophy. à. 3. na_mUw H$mo n[a^m{fV H$aVo hþE CgH$s {deofVmAm| na àH$me S>mb|Ÿ& Define Parmanu in detail and give its characteristics. (ii) (i) P.T.O./H¥$.n¥.C. AWdm / OR D003 MJCRP103 {H«$`m `moJ na {Z~ÝY {bI|Ÿ& E_.E. (nydm©Õ©) narjm - 2015 Write an essay on 'Kriya Yoga' (Yoga of Action). (nÌmMma nmR>²`H«$_) à. 4. O¡Z Xe©Z Ho$ AmYma na H$_© Ho$ ñdê$n H$mo ~VmE§Ÿ& {df` … O¡Z{dÚm Ed§ VwbZmË_H$ Y_© VWm Xe©Z Explain the nature of Karma as per Jainism. V¥Vr` nÌ … Ü`mZ `moJ Ed§ H$_© _r_m§gm AWdm / OR g_` … 3.00 KÊQ>o nyUmªH$ … 80 H$_©~§Y Ho$ hoVw Ed§ à{H«$`m H$m dU©Z H$a|Ÿ& {ZX}e …g^r àíZm| Ho$ CÎma Xr{OEŸ& g^r àíZm| Ho$ A§H$ g_mZ h¢Ÿ& Explain the causes of bondage of Karma and its process. Note : Attempt all questions. Each question carries equal marks. à. 5. H$_© Am¡a nZwO©Ý_ {df` na àH$me S>mb|Ÿ& à. 1. O¡Z `moJ _| AmMm`© h[a^Ð Ho$ AdXmZ H$mo {dñVma go ~VmE§Ÿ& Throw light on 'Karma and Rebirth'. Explain in detail about the Contribution of Haribhadra in Jainology. AWdm / OR AWdm / OR n§M g_dm` na {Z~§Y {bI|Ÿ& Ü`mZ Ho$ ñdê$n H$mo g_PmVo hþE Y_©Ü`mZ Am¡a ewŠbÜ`mZ na {Z~§Y {bI|Ÿ& Write an essay on 'Panch Samvay' (Five Concomitance) Explaining the nature of Dhyan write an essay on Dharma dhyan and Shukla dhyan. à. 2. àojmÜ`mZ Ho$ ñdê$n na àH$me S>mb|Ÿ& Throw light on the nature of 'Preksha dhyan'. AWdm / OR gdm©W{g{Õ J«§W Ho$ AmYma na AZwàojmAm| H$m dU©Z H$a|Ÿ& Explain the concept of 'Anupresksha' (Contemplation) on the basis of the text 'Sarvarthasiddhi'. à. 3. g§àkmV Ed§ Ag§àkmV g_m{Y H$mo {dñVma go g_PmBEŸ& Explain the sampragyat and asampragyat samadhi in detail. (ii) (i) P.T.O./H¥$.n¥.C. AWdm / OR D004 MJCRP104 Ad{YkmZ H$mo {dñVma go ~VmE§Ÿ& E_.E. (nydm©Õ©) narjm - 2015 Discuss in detail about clairvoyance. (nÌmMma nmR>²`H«$_) {df` … O¡Z{dÚm Ed§ VwbZmË_H$ Y_© VWm Xe©Z à. 4. O¡Z Ý`m` Ho$ CX²^d Ed§ {dH$mg na àH$me S>mb|Ÿ& MVwW© nÌ … O¡Z kmZ _r_m§gm Ed§ O¡Z Ý`m` Throw Light on the origin and development of Jain Logic. AWdm / OR g_` … 3.00 KÊQ>o nyUmªH$ … 80 {ZåZ{b{IV _| go {H$Ýht Xmo na g§{jßV {Q>ßnUr {b{IE - {ZX}e …g^r àíZm| Ho$ CÎma Xr{OEŸ& g^r àíZm| Ho$ A§H$ g_mZ h¢Ÿ& Write short notes on any two of the following : Note : Attempt all questions. Each question carries equal marks. (i) à_mU H$m bjU / Characteristic of Pramana (ii) àË`j à_mU / Direct Pramana à. 1. O¡Z kmZ _r_m§gm Ho$ CX²^d Ed§ {dH$mg na àH$me S>mb|Ÿ& (iii) Ý`m` {dH$mg _| O¡Z AmMm`m] H$m `moJXmZ Throw light on the origin and development of Jain Epistemology. Contribution of Jain Acharyas in the development of Logic AWdm / OR à. 5. {ZåZ{b{IV _| go {H$Ýht Mma na g§{jßV {Q>ßnUr {b{IE - kmZ H$mo n[a^m{fV H$aVo hþE kmZ Ed§ ko` Ho$ g§~§Y H$mo ñnîQ> H$a|Ÿ& Defining knowledge, clarify the relation between knowledge and knowable. Write short notes on any four of the following : (i) ñ_¥{V / Recollection (ii) VH©$ / Reasoning à. 2. lwVkmZ Ho$ ñdê$n H$mo ñnîQ> H$aVo hþE CgHo$ àH$mam| na àH$me S>mb|Ÿ& Clarifying the nature of verbal knowledge focus on its types. (iii) AZw_mZ / Inference (iv) AmJ_ à_mU / Verbal Testimony AWdm / OR (v) à{_{V / The Resultant _{VkmZ Ho$ àH$mam| H$mo g_PmE§Ÿ& Explain the types of perceptual knowledge. à. 3. _Z… n`©dkmZ H$mo g_PmVo hþE, G$Ow_{V Ed§ {dnwb_{V _Z… n`©dkmZ Ho$ ^oX H$mo ~VmE§Ÿ& Explaining mind-reading knowledge, show the difference between rijumati and vipulmati. (ii) (i) P.T.O./H¥$.n¥.C. à. 3. H$m§jm_mohZr` H$_© H$s {dñV¥V ì`m»`m H$s{O`oŸ& D005 MJCRP201 Give a detailed explanation of 'Kanshmohniya' Karma. AWdm / OR E_.E. (CÎmamÕ©) narjm - 2015 (nÌmMma nmR>²`H«$_) Ord d nwX²Jb Ho$ g§~ÝY na boI {b[I`oŸ& {df` … O¡Z{dÚm Ed§ VwbZmË_H$ Y_© VWm Xe©Z Write an essay on relation between Jeev and Pudgala. n§M_ nÌ … O¡Z AmJ_ g_` … 3.00 KÊQ>o nyUmªH$ … 80 à. 4. CÎmamÜ``Z H$m n[aM` XoVo hþ`o Jwê$-{eî` gå~ÝY na àH$me S>m{b`oŸ& Giving an introduction of Uttradhyana throw light on Guru-sishya {ZX}e …g^r àíZm| Ho$ CÎma Xr{OEŸ& g^r àíZm| Ho$ A§H$ g_mZ h¢Ÿ& relationship. Note : Attempt all questions. Each question carries equal marks. AWdm / OR à. 1. AmMmam§J H$m n{aM` XoVo hþ`o AmË_dmX na {Z~ÝY {b{I`oŸ& Xímd¡H$m{bH$ H$m n[aM` XoVo hþ`o Y_© Ho$ ñdê$n na àH$me S>m{b`oŸ& Throw light on the form of religion and give introduction of Write an essay on Aatamvada and give an introduction of Aacharanga.
Recommended publications
  • Nonviolence in the Hindu, Jain and Buddhist Traditions Dr
    1 Nonviolence in the Hindu, Jain and Buddhist traditions Dr. Vincent Sekhar, SJ Arrupe Illam Arul Anandar College Karumathur – 625514 Madurai Dt. INDIA E-mail: [email protected] Introduction: Religion is a human institution that makes sense to human life and society as it is situated in a specific human context. It operates from ultimate perspectives, in terms of meaning and goal of life. Religion does not merely provide a set of beliefs, but offers at the level of behaviour certain principles by which the believing community seeks to reach the proposed goals and ideals. One of the tasks of religion is to orient life and the common good of humanity, etc. In history, religion and society have shaped each other. Society with its cultural and other changes do affect the external structure of any religion. And accordingly, there might be adaptations, even renewals. For instance, religions like Buddhism and Christianity had adapted local cultural and traditional elements into their religious rituals and practices. But the basic outlook of Buddhism or Christianity has not changed. Their central figures, tenets and adherence to their precepts, etc. have by and large remained the same down the history. There is a basic ethos in the religious traditions of India, in Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism. Buddhism may not believe in a permanent entity called the Soul (Atman), but it believes in ​ ​ the Act (karma), the prime cause for the wells or the ills of this world and of human beings. ​ ​ 1 Indian religions uphold the sanctity of life in all its forms and urge its protection.
    [Show full text]
  • Jain Values, Worship and the Tirthankara Image
    JAIN VALUES, WORSHIP AND THE TIRTHANKARA IMAGE B.A., University of Washington, 1974 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY AND SOCIOLOGY We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard / THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA May, 1980 (c)Roy L. Leavitt In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Head of my Department or by his representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of Anthropology & Sociology The University of British Columbia 2075 Wesbrook Place Vancouver, Canada V6T 1W5 Date 14 October 1980 The main purpose of the thesis is to examine Jain worship and the role of the Jains1 Tirthankara images in worship. The thesis argues that the worshipper emulates the Tirthankara image which embodies Jain values and that these values define and, in part, dictate proper behavior. In becoming like the image, the worshipper's actions ex• press the common concerns of the Jains and follow a pattern that is prized because it is believed to be especially Jain. The basic orientation or line of thought is that culture is a system of symbols. These symbols are implicit agreements among the community's members, agreements which entail values and which permit the Jains to meaningfully interpret their experiences and guide their actions.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on Modern Jainism
    'J UN11 JUI .UBRARYQr c? IEUNIVER%. fHONVSOV | I ! 1 I i r^ 5, 3 ? \E-UNIVER. <~> **- 1 S 'OUJMVJ'iU ' il g i i i I s fc i<^ vvlOS-ANCELfX^ " - ^ <tx-N__^ # = =3 1( ^ Af-UNIVfl% il I fe ^'^ t $ ^ ^*-~- ^ ^ NOTES ON MODERN JAINISM WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE S'VETA'MBARA, DIGAMBARA AND STHA'NAKAVA'SI SECTS. BY MRS. SINCLAIR STEVENSON, M.A. (T.C.D.) SOMETIME SCHOLAR OF SOMERVILLE COLLEGE, OXFORD. OXFORD S i B. H. BLACKWELL, 50 & 51 BROAD REET LONDON SIMPKIN, MARSHALL & Co, LIMITED SURAT : IRISH MISSION PRESS 1910. Stack Annfv r 333 HVNC LIBELLVM DE TRISTS VITAE SEVERITATE CVM MEAE TVM MARITI MATR! MEMORiAE MONVMENTVM DEDICO QVAE EXEMPLVM LONGE ALIVM SECVTAE NOMEN MATERNVM TAM FELICITER ORNAVERVNT. ** 2029268 PREFACE. THESE notes on Jain ism have been compiled mainly from information supplied to me by Gujarati speaking Jaina, so it has seemed advisable to use the Gujarati forms of their technical terms. It would be impossible to issue this little book without expressing my indebtedness to the Rev. G. P. Taylor, D. D., Principal of the Fleming Stevenson Divinity College, Ahmedabad, who placed all the resources of his valuable library at my disposal, and also to the various Jaina friends who so courteously bore with my interminable questionings. I am specially grateful to a learned Jaina gentleman who read through all the MS. with me, and thereby saved me, I hope, from some of the numerous pitfalls which beset the pathway of anyone who ventures to explore an alien faith. MARGARET STEVENSON. Irish Mission, Rajkot. India.
    [Show full text]
  • Jain Vishva Bharati Institute, Ladnun (Deemed University) Research Eligibility Test (Ret) - 2017 Paper – Ii Jainology and Comparative Religion & Philosophy
    JAIN VISHVA BHARATI INSTITUTE, LADNUN (DEEMED UNIVERSITY) RESEARCH ELIGIBILITY TEST (RET) - 2017 PAPER – II JAINOLOGY AND COMPARATIVE RELIGION & PHILOSOPHY DATE OF EXAMINATION : JULY 27, 2017 ROLL NO. : SIG. OF INVIGILATOR TIME : 01.30 HOURS MARKS : 75 X 2 = 150 NOTE : 1. All questions are compulsory and of objective type. / lHkh iz'u vfuok;Z ,oa oLrqfu"B gSaA lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gaSA 2. All questions carry equal marks. / izR;sd iz'u dk ,d gh mÙkj nsuk gSA 3. Only one answer is to be given for each question. / 4. If more than one answer is marked, it would be treated as wrong answer. / ,d ls vf/kd mÙkj nsus dh n'kk esa iz'u ds mÙkj dks xyr ekuk tk;sxkA 1- tSu n'kZu ds vuqlkj bZ'oj gS&@ God is, according to Jainisim- ¼v½ txr~ dk drkZ@Creator of the world ¼c½ txr~ dk HkksDrk@Bhokta of the world ¼l½ Kkrk n`"Vk@Knower and viewer ¼n½ buesa ls dksbZ ugha@None of these ( ) 2- i pkfLrdk; dk ys[kd dkSu gS\@ Ä Who is the writer of the Panchatikaya? ¼v½ leUrHknz@Samantbhadra ¼c½ mekLokfr@Umaswati ¼l½ dqUndqUn@Kundkund ¼n½ egkizK@Mahaprajna ( ) 1 P.T.O. 3- tSu U;k; dk izFke lw= xzUFk dkSu lk gS\ / Which is the first sutra book of the Jain Nyay? ¼v½ rŸokFkZ lw=@Tattvarth Sutra ¼c½ izek.ku;rŸokyksd@Pramannayatattvalok ¼l½ ijh{kkeq[k lw=@Parikshamukh Sutra ¼n½ fHk{kqU;k;df.kZdk@Bhikshu-nyaykarnika ( ) 4- dkSu T;knk izkphu gS\@ Who is more ancient? ¼v½ ik'oZukFk@Parshwanath ¼c½ egkohj@Mahaveer ¼l½ gfjHknz@Haribhadra ¼n½ gsepUnz@Hemchandra ( ) 5- buesa ls fnxEcj vkpk;Z dkSu gaS\@ Which one is Digambar Acharya? ¼v½ LFkwfyHknz@Sthoolibhadra ¼c½ leUrHknz@Samantbhadra ¼l½ gsepUnz@Hemchandra ¼n½ {kekJe.k@Kshamasraman ( ) 6- buesa ls 'osrkEcj vkpk;Z dkSu gSa\@ Which one is Swetamber Acharya? ¼v½ vdyad@Aklank ¼c½ iwT;ikn@Poojyapaad ¼l½ okfnnso@Vadidev ¼n½ fo|kuUn@Vidyanand ( ) 7- fnxEcj vkxe fdl Hkk"kk esa jps x;s\@ In which language Digambar canons were composed? ¼v½ laLd`r@Sanskrit ¼c½ 'kkSjlsuh izkd`r@Shourseni Prakrit ¼l½ v/kZekx/kh izkd`r@Ardhmagdhi Prakrit ¼n½ viHkza'k@Apbhransh ( ) 2 P.T.O.
    [Show full text]
  • The Heart of Jainism
    ;c\j -co THE RELIGIOUS QUEST OF INDIA EDITED BY J. N. FARQUHAR, MA. LITERARY SECRETARY, NATIONAL COUNCIL OF YOUNG MEN S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATIONS, INDIA AND CEYLON AND H. D. GRISWOLD, MA., PH.D. SECRETARY OF THE COUNCIL OF THE AMERICAN PRESBYTERIAN MISSIONS IN INDIA si 7 UNIFORM WITH THIS VOLUME ALREADY PUBLISHED INDIAN THEISM, FROM By NICOL MACNICOL, M.A., THE VEDIC TO THE D.Litt. Pp.xvi + 292. Price MUHAMMADAN 6s. net. PERIOD. IN PREPARATION THE RELIGIOUS LITERA By J. N. FARQUHAR, M.A. TURE OF INDIA. THE RELIGION OF THE By H. D. GRISWOLD, M.A., RIGVEDA. PH.D. THE VEDANTA By A. G. HOGG, M.A., Chris tian College, Madras. HINDU ETHICS By JOHN MCKENZIE, M.A., Wilson College, Bombay. BUDDHISM By K. J. SAUNDERS, M.A., Literary Secretary, National Council of Y.M.C.A., India and Ceylon. ISLAM IN INDIA By H. A. WALTER, M.A., Literary Secretary, National Council of Y.M.C.A., India and Ceylon. JAN 9 1986 EDITORIAL PREFACE THE writers of this series of volumes on the variant forms of religious life in India are governed in their work by two impelling motives. I. They endeavour to work in the sincere and sympathetic spirit of science. They desire to understand the perplexingly involved developments of thought and life in India and dis passionately to estimate their value. They recognize the futility of any such attempt to understand and evaluate, unless it is grounded in a thorough historical study of the phenomena investigated. In recognizing this fact they do no more than share what is common ground among all modern students of religion of any repute.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding India's Other Religions (Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism)
    Understanding India’s Other Religions (Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) Pearls of the Indian Ocean Windstar Cruises Ross Arnold, Fall 2017 Pearls of the Indian Ocean Lectures • Introduction to Pearls of the Indian Ocean • The Ancient Indus River Civilization • Understanding Hinduism • Understanding India’s Other Religions (Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) • India’s Great Empires (Maurya, Gupta, Mughal) • India’s Spice Routes • The East India Companies • British India – The Jewel in the Crown • Gandhi and India’s Struggle for Independence • Tea and Cricket • Understanding Islam Videos of the Windstar lectures are available at: Lakeside Institute of Theology: www.litchapala.org Ross Arnold’s email address: [email protected] Today’s World Religions by Date of Founding Pop. (000s) % of World Founded (c.) Where Hinduism 1,100,000 15.46% 4000-2500BC Indus Valley Judaism 14,000 0.20% 2000 BC Palestine Buddhism 488,000 6.79% 560-490 BC India Chinese Trad.1 394,000 5.54% 500 BC China Shinto 4,000 0.06% 500 BC Japan Jainism 4,200 0.06% 500 BC India Christianity 2,200,000 29.52% 30 AD Palestine Islam 1,600,000 21.09% 622 AD Arabia Sikhism 28,000 0.32% 1499 AD India Bah'aism 7,300 0.10% 1863 AD Persia Other2 690,000 9.70% Non-relig.3 1,100,000 15.46% 1 Includes Confucianism, Taoism, Shamanism 2 Includes all other smaller religious affiliations identified 3 Includes secular, non-religious, agnostic and atheist Development of Indian Religions Early-Middle Vedic Period c. 1750 BC-850 BC Hinduism c. 800 BC (2500 BC?) Buddhism Jainism c.560-490 BC c.500 BC (Islam) (622 AD) Sikhism 1499 AD Buddhism c.
    [Show full text]
  • Death in Jainism
    Death in Jainism The ultimate aim of every Jain is to be free from bodily bondage (of karma) and be a free pure soul (jiva ), which would eliminate the cycle of death and rebirth ( sansār). Caught in sansar, the soul forgets its real nature and its effort to search for the truth is obscured by the passions. For Jains, the Law which regulates the action of Karma – ‘As you sow, so you shall reap’, is based upon the principle of cause and effect. Jains believe that one’s thoughts and feelings determine what happens to one’s life and in the future. Omniscients who have absolute perception and knowledge have stated that baser emotions such as anger, greed and revenge cause influx of karma and bondage of material karmas. "Drier," more dispassionate souls are not so easily polluted by negative karma, whereas karmic matter is more easily attracted to souls that are "moist" with desires. Equanimity in all actions through mind, speech and body is the key to prevention of further karmic influx and human beings have the greatest capacity to shed karma through austerities . As the karmas are shed, the soul gets purer. Purification of the soul leads to self-realisation. The Omniscient Jina have described the 3 jewels – enlightened (samyag) world-view (darśana, faith in reality), enlightened knowledge (jńāna) and enlightened conduct (caritra). These three together constitute the path to liberation – analogy to a ladder for climbing Samyag-darśana-jńāna-cāritrāṇi-mokṣamārgaḥ Tattvartha.Sutra. 1.1 Acquire perfect knowledge of the Law! why do you not study it? It is difficult to obtain instruction in it after this life.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Buddhism and Jainism Upto 1000 A.D
    Syllabus M.A. Part - II Paper - VII : (Option B) History of Buddhism and Jainism upto 1000 A.D. 1. Sources (Buddhism) a) Canonical and Non-Canonical Pali Literature b) Art and Architecture. 2. The Buddha Life of Buddha (from Birth till the Mahaparinirvana). 3. Teachings of Buddha a) Four Noble Truths. Eight fold path b) Law of Dependent Origination. (Paticcaccsamuccapada) c) Origin and Development of Sangha and Vinaya. 4. Buddhism and its Expansion a) Three Buddhist Councils b) Dhamma messengers sent by Asoka (Ashoka) after 3rd Buddhist Council, c) Buddhist Sects. 5. Impact of Buddhism on Society. a) Epistemological and Logical Aspects of Buddhism. 6. Sources (Jainism) Agamas - Literature of Jaina. Art and Architecture. 7. The Mahavira. Life of Mahavira. 8. Teachings of Mahavira a) Ethics b) NineTattvas c) Anekaravada • d) Six Dravyas 9. Spread of Jainism. a) Three Jaina councils b) King Samprati‘s contribution. c) Major Jain Sects 10. Impact of Jainism on Society 1 SOURCES OF BUDDHISM : (LITERARY SOURCES) Unit Structure : 1.0 Objectives 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Importance of Various Sources 1.3 Literary Sources Canonical Pali Literature 1.4 Non-Canonical Pali Literature 1.5 How Authentic is Pali -Literature ? 1.6 Summary 1.7 Suggested Readings 1.8 Unit End Questions 1.0 OBJECTIVES (A) By reading this material student will understand which sources should be utilized for getting the information about Ancient Indian History and Culture & History of Buddhism itself. (B) Student will understand importance of the original literary sources known as ‗BUDDHA VACANA‘(Words of the Buddha) and its allied literature as a chief source for deriving information pertaining to history and culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Indirgendikleri Göz Önüne Alındığında, “Doğu Dinleri” Ifadesinin Bugün Sadece Hinduizm Ve Budizm Için Kul­ Lanılabileceğini Ileri Sürmek Yanhş Olmayacaktır
    DOĞU DİNLERİ Ali İhsan Yitik Ali İhsan Yitik, Prof. Dr. 1962 yılında Denizli Tavas’ta doğdu. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesinden mezun oldu (1985). “Hint Kökenli Dinlerde Karma Öğretisi ve Tenâsüh İnancıyla ilişkisi” konulu doktora teziyle doktorasını tamamladı (1992). 1997'de yardımcı do­ çent, 2000’de doçent, 2006 yılında profesörlük kadrosuna atandı. Halen Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi öğretim üyesidir. İSAM Yayınlan 160 Temel Kültür Dizisi 33 Doğu Dinleri Ali İhsan Yitik Bu kitap Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Mütevelli Heyeti’nin 28.12.2004 gün ve 1163 sayılı kararıyla basılmıştır. © Her hakkı mahfuzdur. Birinci Basım: Ekim 2014 ISBN 978-605-4829-16-3 İSAM Yayıncılık Sosyal Hizmetler San. ve Tic.Ltd.Şti. İcadiye Bağlarbaşı Cad. No. 40 34662 Üsküdar/İstanbul Tel: (0216) 474 08 50 Faks: (0216) 474 08 74 [email protected] Sertifika No. 15734 TDV Yayın Matbaacılık ve Tic.Ltd.Şti. Alınteri Bulvarı 1256. Sk. No. 11 OSTİM Yeni Mahalle /Ankara Tel. (0312) 354 91 31 Sertifika No. 15402 Yitik, Ali İhsan Doğu Dinleri /A liİh san Yitik. - İstanbul : Türkiye Diyanet Vakti İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi (İSAM), 2014. 315 s .; 20 cm. - (İSAM Yayınlan; 160. Temel Kültür Dizisi; 33) Dizin ve kaynakça var. ISBN 978-605-4829-16-3 İçindekiler Önsöz • ıı Kısaltmalar • 17 Birinci Bölüm HİNDUİZM • 19 I. Ariler ve Dinleri • 25 II. Hinduizm ve Bölgenin Diğer Dinleri • 27 III. Hinduizm’in Tarihsel Gelişimi • 32 IV. Hinduizmin Temel Özellikleri • 35 V. Hindu Kutsal Metinleri • 49 A. Sruti (İlhama dayalı olanlar) • 49 B. Smriti (Akla veya düşünceye dayananlar) VI. Hinduizm’de İbadet • 66 VII. Başlıca Hindu Mezhepleri • 72 VIII.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Jainism
    A HISTORY OF THE JAINS ASHIM KUMAR ROY 1984 First Published 1984 GITANJALI PUBLISHING HOUSE 2/12 Vikram Vihar Lajpat Nagar IV, New Delhi-110024 Ashim Kumar Roy GITANJALI PUBLISHING HOUSE NEW DELHI PRINTED BY RISE PRESS PRINTERS DESIGNERS PUBLISHERS 902/290 SHALAMAR INDUSTRIAL AREA P O NEW SUBZI MANDI DELHI 110033 INTRODUCTION In the sixth century BC Buddhism had just been founded. The Vedic religion was almost getting extinct and Hinduism as we know it today was at a nebulous stage. Jainism at that time was not only a mature and living religion but also one claiming a hoary antiquity. All its tenets had fully developed by that time and these tenets have remained almost unchanged all these 2500 years. Jainism is thus the oldest living religion of India. But age alone is not what gives importance to Jainism. This religion is important because it has greatly influenced practically all-religious thinking of India. If, as is thought by many, the spirit of Indian religious life was 'life and world negating' it might be said that it was mainly due to the influence of Jainism and similar other religions of that time on Indian thought. It also shows the triumph of the Jain spirit over the 'life and world affirming' attitude of the Vedic people who failed to divert the main stream of Indian religious thinking from pessimism to an optimistic and joyous path. The aversion to the killing of animals, the belief that all ascetics are holy people (and conversely that a person in order to be holy should be an ascetic), the theory of the transmigration of the soul, and that 'getting born in this world is itself a punishment' all these are parts of Hindu thinking.
    [Show full text]
  • 2010-2012 Book of Dzyan Studies
    2010-2012 Book of Dzyan Studies ༺༛༛༛༛༛༛༛༛༻ Records of Theosophy.net blog posts dedicated to the Project In Search of the Sources of the Book of Dzyan ༒ 2010-2012 Book of Dzyan Studies Lexical Index A-diti...................................................................................................................................................41 Abhidharma........................59, 66, 67, 93, 115, 124, 125, 152, 162, 175, 182-184, 243-245, 247, 252 adhyaksa.............................................................................................................................................25 Adi-Buddha.................................................................................................29, 30, 45, 53-55, 123, 186 Adi-Buddhi...................................................................................................................................29, 54 Adityas................................................................................................................................................41 Advaita....................................................................31, 77, 97, 117, 118, 155, 156, 164, 168, 173, 179 agni....................................................................................45, 75, 76, 84, 133, 136-139, 202, 203, 225 Ah-hi.............................................................................................................................................34, 89 Akasha......24, 33, 35, 46, 58, 60, 63, 64, 75, 93, 95, 96, 98, 104, 106, 107, 109, 115, 122, 139,
    [Show full text]
  • Teaching Notes on Jainism by Prof. Prem Suman Jain
    TEACHING NOTES ON JAINISM BY PROF. PREM SUMAN JAIN 29, Vidya Vihar Colony Sundarwas [ North] UDAIPUR-313001 CONTENTS 1. Origin and Development of Jainsm Page 3-5 Jaina Sangha- Digambara and Svetambara 2. The Jain Councils 6 3. The Jaina Canonical Literature 7-10 [a]Ardhamagadhi Canons [b]Digambara’s Canonical Literature 4. Some Prominent Jaina writers and their works 11-14 [a]Acharayas of the Saurseni Tradition [b]Acharayas of the Ardhamagadhi Tradition 5. Four Anuyogas 15 6. Prakrit Language and Literature 16-19 7. Sanskrit Jain Literature 20 8. Apabhramsa literature 21 9. Kannada Jaina literature 23 10. Jaina Works on Scientific subjects 24-25 11. Pancha Namokara Mantra and Parmeshthi 26-27 12. Six Dravyas [substances] 28 13. Nine fundamentals (Padarthas) 29-31 14. Anekantavada and Syadvada 32-33 15. Prominent Jaina Temples 34-35 16. Jaina Grantha Bhandaras 36 Origin and Development of Jainism The Jaina religion is one of the great religion of India. It began as a spiritual discipline for Samanas, Arhats, Tirthankaras, Nigganthas, and Jains. They were called Samanas (Monks) because they believed in equality of all beings and practiced nonviolence. They were called Arhats (worth of Worship) be cause they lived virtuous lives. As the originators of the spiritual path, they were known as Tirthankaras (Fordmakers). Being free from passions, they were called Nigganthas (detached). And because they have conquered all of their desires they were identified as Jinas (Victors). Hence, the religion propounded by such conquerors it fittingly called the Jaina religion or Jainism. Jaina tradition ascribes the origin of the system to Rsabhadeva, who lived many centuries back.
    [Show full text]