'An Incurable Knowledge Junkie'

Jet JU L Y Propulsion 2006 Laboratory VOLUME 36 NUMBER 12 In the summer of 1947, a psychologist at New York’s Columbia University discovered among the children playing street ball outside the row- ‘An incurable houses of Queens a 5-year-old with an uncanny skill. The boy knew all the batting averages of all knowledge the players on all three of the teams—the Dodg- ers, the Giants and the Yankees—that called the Big Apple home at the time. junkie’ Testing proved that the boy—who was not just memorizing stats, but computing them on a daily GENTRY LEE’S ADVENTURES IN VIKING, basis in his head—was unusually gifted. After a consultation with the local school district the boy, SCIENCE FICTION, TRANSCENDENTAL who normally would have entered kindergarten NUMBERS AND FATHERHOOD that fall, was placed in a fifth grade class. “It was a total disaster,” recalled B. Gentry By Frank O’Donnell Lee, the one-time 5-year-old. “Terrible things happened. I was in fifth grade, but I didn’t know how to tie my shoes. Needless to say, it didn’t last long.” Returning to JPL as the 21st century began, he now Texas at Austin and moved the family to the Lone Star Inauspicious though that experiment may have serves as part guru, part gadfly in his role as chief State. In high school Gentry took a shine to languages, been, it was one early signpost on what for Gentry engineer for the laboratory’s Solar System Exploration studying Latin, “which I loved because of the discipline Lee has been a remarkable life. A self-described Directorate—helping to shepherd flight projects from that it brought to the mind.” He played all sports but, “incurable knowledge junkie,” he mixed literature concept to success. “I have the best job anybody ever because he was two years younger than his peers, the and languages, science and math and sports in had,” says Lee, now 64. only one he made varsity in was track and field. college, graduating summa cum laude and at- “Of all the things I’ve done in life, this is probably As a high school senior, he heard about a competi- tracting top fellowships. As a young engineer at what I do best—and what in the long run is the most tion called Number Sense in which contestants work a NASA contractor, he caught the eye of the proj- important.” rapid-fire math problems in their heads and just write ect manager for the Viking mission to Mars and Lee is in the news on a pair of fronts this month. As down the answer—“What is 12 1/2 percent of 206?” achieved a leadership role at an early age. That the Viking team celebrates the 30th anniversary of the or “Fill in the next number in this sequence—2, 3, 5, resulted in what he recalls as “the experience of first Martian landing July 20, Lee has been a featured 8.” On a lark, Lee asked the faculty advisor if he could a lifetime”—shepherding the science for the four speaker at gatherings. In addition, the American Astro- join his school’s team, despite the fact that the others Viking spacecraft and choosing the landing sites nomical Society’s Division for Planetary Sciences just had practiced for years and he was coming into it cold. for its two landers when they made the first suc- announced it is bestowing on him its Harold Masursky His score was greater than the scores of all four of his cessful descent to the surface of another planet. Award given for outstanding service to planetary sci- teammates put together. He went on to win the state ence and exploration. championship. His success no doubt is attributable to a combina- In college at the University of Texas at Austin, “I had Lee is in the news on two fronts tion of his uncanny intellectual abilities and seemingly a wonderful undergraduate curriculum,” Lee recalls. “I boundless energy. “For the past 35 years I’ve worked went there very young, at 14 or 15, and was selected — with Viking’s 30th anniversary, out an hour every day in the morning,” says Lee. “It’s as a Junior Fellow. This was a program that gave the and as recipient of the Harold the only way I can keep my energy under control—I best and brightest undergrads the same interaction Masursky Award. have too much energy.” with faculty as at a small Ivy League school. I was The intellectual gifts surfaced early. Though late to spoiled. Each semester I’d have three or four courses talk, when he did so it was in complete sentences. and one or two professors that I would go and do Moving to JPL, he became chief engineer on the Then his mother discovered that she didn’t need to independent study with. That was wonderful. I was all flagship Galileo mission to Jupiter. He collabo- read to him—when he was sitting in her lap, he was over the place and had a wonderful time.” He went rated with Carl Sagan on the “Cosmos” television reading the pages of the book in front of them. from French and Russian literature and the modern series, playing a key role in organizing and moving After the abortive experiment with advancing him British novel to philosophy, with some math and sci- forward one of the most highly watched docu- five years in school, it was decided that Lee could skip ence mixed in. mentary series on public TV. A trip to Sri Lanka no more than two grades. After working as an editor Graduating summa cum laude from Austin, Lee was to discuss a movie deal resulted in a partnership at the Associated Press in New York City, Lee’s father awarded a Woodrow Wilson Fellowship, “which was with famed science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke, took a job teaching journalism at the University of basically a blank check to go anywhere I wanted to producing four novels as co-authors. Continued on page two 2 knowledge junkie Continued from page one go and study whatever I wanted to study.” He decided to pursue a Between the University of Texas and MIT, Lee had worked a few niverse master's degree in physics and aerospace engineering at the Mas- months in Southern California at North American Aviation, which U sachusetts Institute of Technology—“one of the last master’s pro- would later become Rockwell International, running orbit transfer grams in general science.” calculations supporting the company’s work for the Apollo program. “I was fascinated by what I called the creative edge in science He sent out a raft of application letters and was accepted by every and engineering,” Lee says now. “It seemed to me that at the edge, aerospace company he wrote to. He decided on Martin Marietta all disciplines were essentially the same in that they invoked some (later Lockheed Martin) near Denver, in part because of his love sort of an ability to go beyond what I would call deductive reason- for downhill skiing. ing and to be inductive or intuitive. I believe that’s the realm in Feeling inadequately challenged by his initial assignments— which creativity lies. “that’s the way it is in entry-level jobs”—Lee began writing pro- “Of course, I was ill-prepared to go to graduate school at MIT. posals in response to published announcements. Early on he won They informed me that, while they accepted me, my background one for interplanetary orbit determination—“At first I was told at was sadly lacking in hard sciences. Then I won a Marshall Fellow- Martin Marietta that I wasn’t senior enough to do the job, but we ship and decided to go to the University of Glasgow to study higher worked that out.” transcendental functions with Ian Sneddon. That was supposed Eventually Lee met people “who were involved in what I really to take me through a Ph.D. But I figured that I’d better finish my wanted to do—exploring the solar system. I got to participate in master’s at MIT, so I had to take seven graduate courses in nine the writing of Martin Marietta’s proposal for Viking. I was 24 or 25 months. My grades were horrible—I got the master’s degree, years old. Then, we won. I did one job, then another job, then an- but not in the style to which I was accustomed. other job. It was absolutely wonderful.” “I was 22 when I finished my master’s at MIT,” says Lee, He also caught the eye of Jim Martin, the legendary project-wide “but I was probably emotionally 8 or 9. It’s one of the rea- manager for Viking based at NASA’s Langley Research Center in sons why, as a parent, I’ve refused to allow my children to Virginia. Martin, who passed away in 2002 and who Lee remem- be advanced farther than their perceived social develop- bers as his “mentor in life,” encouraged Lee’s employer to give the ment level.” young engineer positions of progressively greater responsibility. But Showing up in Scotland in the fall of 1964, Lee found it was not without culture shock. a rude awakening. “I discovered to my horror that in “At that time in my life, I looked strange to most people in the the wintertime it was dark and foggy all the time,” he middle of society,” says Lee with a grin. “My hair was down on my recalls.

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