Titan Mare Explorer (TiME) PI: Ellen Stofan (Proxemy Research) Study Organization: Lockheed Martin Science Programmatic Information

Science Objectives Level 1 Science Requirements Instruments • Mission Risk (& Mitigation): Orbit Insertion TiME shall determine the Determine the chemistry of lakes to help to 1 relative abundances of methane Mass Spec (eliminated from mission architecture), Buoyancy constrain Titan's methane cycle. and ethane of a Titan lake. (sealed volumes and common CTEs) Determine the depth of the Titan lakes in order TiME shall constrain the organic 2 to determine lake volumes, and thus, organic Sonar inventory of a Titan lake. • Future key mission trades: thermal management, inventory. Constrain lacustrine processes on Titan by TiME shall determine the Physical chute sizing 3 characterizing physical properties of lake material variability of a Titan Properties liquids and how they vary with depth. lake. Package • Follow-on mission to revolutionary Cassini TiME shall determine the local Determine how the local meteorology over the meteorology that controls Meteorology discovery of liquid lakes and seas on Titan 4 lakes ties to the global cycling of methane on methane cycling between a Package seasonal and longer timescales. Titan lake and atmosphere. Analyze the nature of the lake surfaces, and if Descent possible shorelines, to constrain physical TiME shall document lake Imager, 5 properties of lake liquids and better understand physical properties. Surface origin, evolution, and subsurface Imager methane/ethane hydrology of Titan lakes. Simulated Huygens Mission Description TiME Image Image Mission Target: • Concept of operations – Simple, timing-based sequence for data Ligeia Mare ASRG Utilization acquisition – Data downlink during period of max Earth • ASRG absolutely required for TiME: Solar energy elevation (Earth and Sun above horizon not tenable at surface of Titan due to solar range for mission duration) and atmospheric aerosols

A Titan Sea • Bonus features: – Eliminates the need for large solar arrays • Mission design Spacecraft – Launch: Concept: Cruise – Landing orientation and operations not driven January 2015 by solar input Landed – Launch Vehicle: TiME derived from multiple generations – More resilient safe mode since power-positive Atlas V411 of LM entry-system operation is not attitude dependent – Titan Entry: vehicles 29 June 2022 NASA Headquarters Use only – Not for Release