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9/0 PROGRESSIVE JUDAISM 4 Recap Emancipation produced new type of Jew: No longer in Ghecto but open society; neighbours likely to be Xians Education no longer Bible & Talmud with Rashi, but general, even if Jewish school Knowledge of Hebrew relativéﬂy slight; no longer fluent Daily speech, outs}de home, no longer Yiddish but... Free to enter professions and participate in activities previously closed to him Therefore working life largely spent with non—Jews But ALSO FREE TO DISREGARD Judaism; no penalties except parental disapproval; rabbinic courts have no jurisdiction... Such a Jew unlikely to find old-style synagogue worship congenial Some choose apostasy Some apathy (least resistance) Some scholarship (non-committal) E.g. Leopold Zunz (1794-1886 ('Homilies', 1832) Some reform First phase (a) lay leadership'(Israe1 Jacobson 1768-1828, Eduard Kley 1789-1867) ' (b) worship reform. ‘ Jacobson: Seesen, Berlin Kley: Hamburg Controversy over Hamburg Temple; birth of Orthodoxy. Moses Sofer 1762—1839 Geiger & 19th century German Reform Follow Abraham Geiger lecture (as marked) and supplement from Reform Movement lecture (as marked). Postscript Geiger not only rabbi to champion Reform But several of greatest emigrated to USA & we shall deal with them there Of those who remained greatest contemporary Samuel Holdheim 1806—60. Frankfort an der Oder 1836—40, Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1840-A6, Berlin Reform 1847. Great scholar, great preacher, fearless radical. Ludwig Philippson 1811-89, prime mover of Brunswick Conf., founder (1837) and ed. of Allgemeine Zeitung des Judentums. Magdeburg. Trsl. of Bible. Gradual decline: see RJ, p. 7 _Later leaders: Caesar Seligman 1860-1950. Hamburg 1889-1902, Frankfort 1902-1939, then London. 1929 Einheitsgebetbuch. Leo Baeck 1873-1956. B. Lisa, studied Breslau & Berlin, served Oppeln 1897—1907, Duesseldorf 1907—12, Berlin 1912, 1933 Pres. reichsvertretung, Theresienstadt 19A3, London July 45. Wesen des Judentums 1905. Biography: AHF: LEo BJECK . COLLEGv“ IMR)».

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By Tamar Kadari* Abstract Julius Theodor (1849–1923)
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