For Better Governance- Efforts Do Matter
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For Better Governance Efforts Do Matter For Better Governance Efforts Do Matter Published by: Consumer Unity & Trust Society D-217, Bhaskar Marg, Bani Park, Jaipur 302 016, India Ph: 91.141.228 2821, Fax: 91.141.228 2485 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cuts-international.org Printed by: Jaipur Printers P. Ltd. Jaipur 302001 ISBN 978-81-8257-098-6 © CUTS The material in this publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for education or non-profit uses, without special permission from the copyright holders, provided acknowledgment of the source and authors is made. The publishers would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication, which uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or other commercial purposes without prior written permission of CUTS. #0802, Suggested Contribution: Rs.200/US$50 Contents Foreword .................................................................................................................... i Preface ...................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements ............................................................................................... vii Acronyms ................................................................................................................. ix Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1 CIVIL SOCIETY INTERVENTION ........................................................................... 15 1. People’s Right to Information ....................................................................... 17 2. Combating Auto Pollution ............................................................................. 29 3. Local Environment Agenda .......................................................................... 37 4. Public Services Report Card ........................................................................ 46 5. The Dynamics of Corruption in Civil Services .............................................. 59 6. Community-based Health Initiative ............................................................... 71 7. Universalising Primary Education in India .................................................... 76 8. Maintaining the Eco-Balance ........................................................................ 79 9. Empowering Poor Women ......................................................................... 105 10. Water Harvesting through Community Action ............................................ 115 11. To the Rescue of ‘Indebted Labourers’....................................................... 123 12. Fishing Community in the Net .................................................................... 132 13. Flood Control Measures vs Eco-concern in Bangladesh ........................... 142 14. Orangi Pilot Project: Institutions and Programmes .................................... 152 15 ‘Gram-Phone’ Bell-Ring in Rural India ....................................................... 159 16 Grameen Phone Promotes Rural Telephony in Bangladesh...................... 178 17 Promoting Rural Telephony in Bangladesh - Part II ................................... 182 18 Rural Banking in Bangladesh ..................................................................... 190 STATE INTERVENTION ........................................................................................ 199 19 Government at Villagers’ Doorstep ............................................................ 201 20 Anticompetitive Practices in Bhutan ........................................................... 206 21 Reaching Out to the Poorest of the Poor ................................................... 211 22 The Essential Politics of Drugs ................................................................... 227 23 Power Sector Reforms ............................................................................... 236 24 Water Privatisation in West Africa .............................................................. 247 25 Land Revenue Software ............................................................................. 260 26 Solomon Islands Case: Where Leaders Failed the Nation? ...................... 270 27 Big Bank Better ........................................................................................... 277 28 Anticompetitive Practices in Malawi ........................................................... 283 29 The Carapegua Development Case ........................................................... 295 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION ...................................................................... 303 30 Devising an Effective Health Plan .............................................................. 305 31 Shelter for the Newly Urbanised ................................................................. 317 32 From Confrontation to Collaboration .......................................................... 332 Glossary of Hindi Terms ...................................................................................... 353 References ............................................................................................................ 357 For Better Governance Efforts Do Matter w 359 List of Tables Table 1 Extent of Interaction with Agencies ...................................................... 48 Table 2 Overall Satisfaction with Public Agencies (percentage of users satisfied) ............................................................. 48 Table 3 Key Dimensions of Satisfaction ............................................................ 49 Table 4 The Speed Money Phenomenon .......................................................... 50 Table 5 Willingness to Pay More for Services ................................................... 50 Table 6 Investment in Coping Mechanisms (Rs mn) ......................................... 51 Table 7 Percentage of Respondents Reporting Interactions ............................ 51 Table 8 Satisfaction of the Poor with Public Services in Five Cities in India (percent)......................................................................... 52 Table 9 Key Dimensions of Agency Responsiveness in Cities ........................ 53 Table 10 Speed Money Phenomenon ................................................................. 54 Table 11 State wise Coverage of VFCs and Area Covered As on January 2000 ........................................................................................ 99 Table 12 Self Initiated Community Forest Management Systems in India ........ 100 Table 13 Government and Civil Society Interaction for Formulating Boundary, Operational and Enforcement Rules for JFM in AP, Karnataka and Orissa............................................................... 101 Table 14 Government and Civil Society Networking through Formal Committees in Guiding and Monitoring JFM in AP, Karnataka and Orissa ......................................................................... 102 Table 15 Performance of JFM in AP, Karnataka and Orissa ............................. 103 Table 16 Regeneration of Forests ..................................................................... 103 Table 17 Major trends in Forest Management in Three States ......................... 104 Table 18 Gram-phone party- line versus American party- line and private line ... 163 Table 19 Year 2002 Telecom Penetration/Strategies ........................................ 165 Table 20 Year 2005 Likely Telecom Penetration ............................................... 165 Table 21 Investment Requirement Direct Exchange Line (DEL)....................... 167 Table 22 Parvathagiri Telephone Subscriber Growth from November 2000 to May 2002 ............................................................. 169 Table 23 Gram-phone Financial Models ........................................................... 172 Table 24 Village Franchise Model ..................................................................... 174 Table 25 Party-Line Deployment Strategies: A Comparison ............................. 176 Table 26 Incremental Direct Exchange Line (DEL) Investment by BSNL ......... 177 Table 27 Contribution of Grameen Bank GB to the GDP of Bangladesh 1994-1996 (Tk million).................................................... 195 Table 28 Annual Sales Turnover of HLL’s Products Through TCC ................... 207 Table 29 Annual Sales Turnover of HLL Products Through FCB...................... 208 Table 30 Proportion of Population in India below poverty-line (seven percent) ................................................................................... 219 Table 31 Determination of Tariffs ....................................................................... 242 Table 32 Cost of Power Purchase ..................................................................... 242 Table 33 Water Privatisation in Africa ............................................................... 248 Table 34 Social Capital Classification ............................................................... 300 List of Boxes Box 1 Vision of Sustainable Kuantan ............................................................. 40 Box 2 HLL-Bhutan Government Conflict....................................................... 209 Box 3 Did you know? .................................................................................... 308 List of Figures Figure 1 Metcalf’s Networking Law ..................................................................