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EXCAVATIONS at RHITSONA in BOEOTIA. the Six Graves

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EXCAVATIONS at RHITSONA in BOEOTIA. the Six Graves EXCAVATIONS AT RHITSONA IN BOEOTIA. The Relative Dating of the Proto-Corinthian, Corinthian, and Boeotian Kylix Ware. THE six graves catalogued below were excavated in 1907 and 1908,1 at the same time as those already published by Professor Burrows and myself in B.S.A. xiv. and J.ff.S. xxix. Their position in the cemetery is indicated FIG. 1 (1 :2).—GRAVE 50, Nos. 253, 254. on the Plan, B.S.A, xiv. p. 230, Fig. 1. Their contents consist almost entirely of Proto-Corinthian and Corinthian vases. None contained any 1 See B.S.A. xiv. pp. 226-228. Grave 74, p. 228, has had to be deferred for J.ff.S. p. 228, n. 3, is the heading under which the xxxi. It and an article mainly on certain finals made above Grave 75 (below p. 34'<!) were individual vases found in 1907-8 that is to be entered in my day-book ; cp. below n. 44 and published in 'E<p. 'Apx- 1911 are being prepared also Grave* 36, J.H.S. xxix. p. 329. Grave 4 was by Professor Burrows and myself in collaboration. not referred to in B.S.A. xiv. p. 228, n. 3, as its The rest of our unpublished material we are contents had not. yet been cleaned and mended. preparing independently. Professor Burrows It proves to be earlier than the other graves will publish his finds of 1909 ; while I am with which it was mentioned ib. n. 5, and has undertaking what still remains from 1907 and therefore been transferred to this article. The 1908. We hope by this means to get on more article on ' Kothons,' referred to B.S.A. xiv. rapidly with the work. EXCAVATIONS AT RH1TSONA IN BOEOTIA 337 vases of what we have called Boeotian Kylix ware,2 and only Graves 4 and 14, the latest of the six, show any direct connexion with graves3 that did contain it. This connexion is worth noting in detail for its bearings on the view, put forward B.S.A. xiv.,4 that the Boeotian Kylix style was, in part at least, the result of Corinthian influence. Indeed the chief importance of the graves here published lies perhaps in the confirmation they afford this view. Grave 4, No. 1 (below, p. 353): for both shape and decoration cp. Graves 49, Nos. 232-2396; 50, Nos. 244-251,6; 51, Nos. 219-224/; 40, Nos. 19-24.8 Grave 4, Nos. 2 and 3: for siren cp. Grave 50, Nos. 252 and 2539 (Fig. 1). Grave 4, No. 32: cp. for style Grave 51, No. 3310 (see Fig. 2). FIG 2 (2 : 5).— GRAVE 51, No. 33; GRAVE 4, No. 32. Grave 4, No. 33 (Fig. 17): for floral ornament cp. Grave 50, Nos. 254 (Fig. l)-257.n Grave 4, No. 34 (Fig. 19), which differs altogether in style from Nos. 1-33, may perhaps be compared stylistically with Grave 50, Nos. 13-15.12 For Grave 14, No. 29 (Fig. 14) cp. Graves 40, 49, 50, 51 (with 80, 212, 213, 160 examples respectively).13 For Graves 14, Nos. 23 and 24, and 4, Nos. 19 and 20 (Fig. 17) cp. Grave 49, No. 231,14 except that the last has the incised lines double. There can scarcely be any doubt that Graves 14 and 4 are older than any of our Boeotian Kylix graves. The connexions just noted are with 2 B.S.A, xiv. p. 227, n. 1. 10 Ib. p. 266, wrongly (?) catalogued as 3 49, 50, 61, 31, 26, 18, 22, B.S.A. xiv. ; Protu-Corinthian ; cp., however, J.H.S. xxix. 40, 12, 46, J.H.S. xxix. pp. 344-5 ; see also below p. 338, n. 26 ; p. 351, 4 P. 314 (where, 1. 6, for 74 read 75, and for n. 74. omission of Grave 4 see above, n. 1.) 11 B.S.A. xiv. p. 259. 5 B.S.A. xiv. p. 252. 12 Ib. p. 258 ; cp. Grave 4, No. 38 (below, 6 Ib. p. 259. p. 356) and note ad loc. 7 Ib. p. 268. 13 J.H.S. xxix. pp. 309-310. s J.H.S. xxix. p. 313. 14 B.S.A. xiv. p. 252. '•> B.S.A. xiv. p. 259. 338 P. N. URE vase types that occur in the earlier Group (A) of Boeotian Kylix graves,16 but not in the later (B). In Graves 14 and 4 the decoration is very varied, and no single type is yet dominant. In Group A graves the aryballoi show one motive16 dominant, but others surviving.17 In Group B graves this dominant type18 has banished the rest.19 With the undoubtedly earlier Graves 6, 75, 13, Graves 14 and 4 have several common features that do not occur at all in our Boeotian Kylix graves, e.g. rough brown incised ware,20 small bombylii,21 orange quarterings divided by single incised lines,22 spiral bronze rings.23 Considering the quantity and variety of the material from our Boeotian Kylix graves, it seems probable that these features are missing there because they had become obsolete. These last comparisons are mainly with Grave 13. The lekythoi from that grave would be generally recognized as later than those from Grave 6 (Nos. 5 and 6, Fig. 8 ; cp. Grave 75, No. I).24 The comparatively late26 form (bombylios) of Grave 13, Nos. 13 and 14, the style of No. 14, and the early incised bronzes found in Graves 75 and 6 confirm this relative dating. It seems therefore that at Rhitsdna Proto-Corinthian, Corinthian2fi 15 Ib. p. 305, J.H.S. xxix. p. 308. 24 Orsi, Notiz. 1895, p. 113; Dragendorff, 16 'Group A quatrefoil' of J.H.S. xxix. Them, ii. p. 192 ; Pfuhl, At.h. Mitt, xxviii. pp. 309-310. p. 201 ; Hoppin, Argive fferaeum, ii. p. 120 ; 17 P. 337, notes 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11. Furtwangler, Aegina, pp. 448-9; Graef, 18 Mainly in the slightly varied ' Group B Vasenschcrben v. der Akrop. pp. 41-42 (who cinquefoil' type, J.S.S. xxix. p. 310. observes that Grave 6 form does not occur 19 Cp. the last phase of the Boeotian Kylix among the Acropolis sherds) ; cp. also signed style, B.S.A. xiv, pp. 312 and 313, n. 1. vase Tarbell and Buck, Sev. Arch. 1902, p. 41 f. 20 Grave 14, No. 1 ; ep. Graves 13, Nos. 1 25 Cp. Graef, op. cit. p. 42, No. 405 ; perhaps and 2 (Figs. 9 and 10) and 75, No. 3 (Fig. 6). wrong, however, in quoting his own No. 406, Cp. also Grave 49. No. 420, B.S.A. xiv. p. 255, Taf. 15, and Masner, Vienna Catalogue,'if o. 47 but note it has no incisions. (like Grave 14, Nos. 12 and 13, and therefore 21 Grave 14, Nos. 2-13, cp. Grave 13, Nos. 13 presumably later than the Grave 13 types) as and 14. From our B.K. graves, only bombylii among earliest known examples. are Grave 50, Nos. 259 and 260, B.S.A. xiv. The apparently similar bombylios mit Streifen p. 259 and PI. X. h), both coarse and large (cp. und alternierenden Punktrelhen, Furtwangler, size of late Mon. Ant. i. p. 846, Sep. civ. Bom- Olympia iv. p. 201, inscribed 2nfia>vitiris fi.' bylii with the floral ornament typical of the avieriKf in lettering assigned by Kirchoff, Arch. aryballoi from B.K. graves are very rare. I Zeit. xxxvi. p. 143, to the sixth century, seems know only Bari No. 3589 (from Nola) and to favour our dating for the type, but the Furtwangler, Aegina, p. 454 and PI. CXXVIII. inscription is not Corinthian but Attic or Ionic, 31 (an unusual variety). and was erst in das fertige Gefass eingeritzt 22 Graves 14, Nos. 23 and 24, 4 Nos. 19 and (Furtwangler ad loc.). It is therefore possibly 20 (Fig. 17) ; cp. Grave 13, No. 12 (Fig. 12, later than the vase. probably predecessor in shape as well as 26 Our series of graves seems to favour the decoration of Graves 14 and 4 type), and con- view of an uninterrupted development from trast Grave 4, No. 1 and Group A parallels to early P.-C. to late Corinthian (cp. Orsi, Notiz. it, quoted above. For a small bombylios with 1895, pp. 113 f. ; Pallat, Ath. Mitt. xxii. pp. double incised lines for orange quarterings see 314 f. ; Hoppin, Argive fferaeum ii. pp. 122-3 ; B.M. A 1670]0 (from tomb of Menekrates) and Pottier, Catalogue ii. pp. 424-5), and to go cp. last note. against the position of Loeschcke {Arch. Anz. 23 Grave 4, Nos. 41-43 ; cp. Graves 75, 1891, p. 16), Wilisch (Altkor. Tonind. p. 122 Nos. 8, 9, 10 (Fig. 6), 6 Nos. 10 (Fig. 8) and n. 450), Bbhlau {Nekropolen pp. 113 f.) and 11. and Couve (Rev. Arch. 1898, pp. 218 f.), to EXCAVATIONS AT RHITSONA IN BOEOTIA 339 and Boeotian Kylix ware make their appearance as grave furniture in chronological succession, and that each style in turn degenerated, none of them, however, completely dying out, but each persisting till the end of the sixth century in one or two stereotyped forms.27 Grave 1 suggests a ' Geometric' period preceding the Proto-Corinthian, but with its scanty contents and isolated character it cannot be brought into this discussion. This order of appearance supports the view as to the influences under which the Boeotian Kylix style developed that was put forward in B.S.A. FIG. 3 (1 : 4).—BOEOTIAN KYLIX IN MUSEUM OP FINE ARTS, BOSTON.
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