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Minerals in Arizona Through Geologic History

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Minerals in Arizona Through Geologic History Golden Gate Geologic maps & cross Vanadinite – Les & Paula Presmyck Wulfenite, photo - John sections by Lipman, 1993 Cesar, TGMS poster by Jan C. Rasmussen and Stanley B. Keith Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com AZ Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Mazatzal Orogeny (Paleoproterozoic ) – Pinal Schist Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Mazatzal Orogeny (Paleoproterozoic) – Pinal Schist fine-grained, gray-green, quartz-sericite schist 1695-1630 Ma – Pinal Schist - Xm Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Undeformed upper plate Tucson Mts. Oracle Granite DJaneformed C. Rasmussen, lower Ph.D., R.G. plate Catalina Mts. www.janrasmussen.com Picuris Orogeny (Meso-proterozoic) Oracle Granite light-tan, medium- ~1400 – 1450 Ma - grained granite with large potassium Oracle Granite - Yg feldspar phenocrysts Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Paleozoic - mountain building along East coast; AZ mostly on trailing edge Antler orogeny (CA & NV) Seas go in, seas go out in AZ, depending on mountain building on east coast and volcanic activity on west coast. Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Laramide orogeny Unconformity bounded, Island Nevadan orogeny Arc collision with North America or continental Sonoma orogeny assembly events Alleghenian orogeny Ancestral Rocky Mts Antler orogeny Acadian orogeny Taconic orogeny Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Paleozoic Sedimentary Rocks (541-252 Ma) Twin Peaks Sus Hills Snyder Hill (Ma = million years ago) Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Bolsa Quartzite Twin Peaks Abrigo Formation N Tucson Mts. Bolsa-tan qtzt Abrigo- Sh, Ss South Side W. Twin Peaks Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Schizophoria Atrypa All paleogeographic paintings from Blakey & Ranney Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Devonian (~419-359 Ma) Martin Formation - N. Tucson Mts. Martin – brown dolomite Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com 2008 ~ 1980 Twin Peaks Quarry, looking North, 1987 ~ 2008 Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Mississippian – Escabrosa Limestone Light gray, coarse, cherty, crinoidal limestone Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Mississippian - Escabrosa Limestone (359-~320 Ma) Zaphrentis Syringopora – colonial coral spirifer Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Twin Peaks Limestone Quarry 2017 ~2008 Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Portland Cement Plant at Rillito Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Upper Paleozoic – Sus Picnic Area Sus Hills, Paleozoic limestone – Escabrosa? metamorphosed to marble near Amole Granite intrusion Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Final Pangea assembly Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Late Paleozoic – NW Tucson Mts. Pennsylvanian-Permian Horquilla Fm. - PPh – 359-252 Ma Sus Hills – Sus Picnic Area Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Late Paleozoic – Permian - SW Tucson Mts. Snyder Hill – look NE Composita Concha Ls = dark gray, cherty, fossiliferous limestone Rain Valley = thin-bedded limestone, dolomite Snyder Hill, Permian Ls. – look W from Old Ajo Rd. Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Arizona on Leading Edge of North American Plate in Mesozoic & Cenozoic Mountain building, volcanoes, earthquakes, igneous intrusions Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Mesozoic outcrops (252-66 Ma) Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Triassic-Jurassic (252-145 Ma) – W. Tucson Mts. Red Hills Brown Mtn. Red Hills Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Triassic?-Jurassic (252-145 Ma) – W. Tucson Mts. Recreation Red Beds at Red Hills Red Hills Saguaro Natl. Park West Red Hills ASDM ASDM Brown Mtn Coelophysis in Chinle Fm. N AZ Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Early Mesozoic – Triassic? - Jurassic Tucson Mts. – Recreation Red Beds Sandstone At ASDM Conglomerate Recreation Red Beds – red-brown Siltstone siltstone, sandstone Sandstone Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Middle Mesozoic – Jurassic (201-145 Ma) Nevadan Orogeny (mountain building) Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Jurassic outcrops (201-145 Ma) – W. Tucson Mts. Basaltic lava flow, welded ash flow sheet with lithophysal cavities, reddish sandstone and siltstone, rhyolite ash flow tuffs, andesite porphyry dike Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Jurassic Brown Mountain (201-145 Ma) – W. Tucson Mts. ASDM Looking southeast from ASDM Brown Mountain 159 Ma andesite porphyry Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Late Mesozoic – mid-Cretaceous (145 – 66 Ma) Sevier Orogeny in CA; sedimentation in AZ Amole Arkose (correlat ed with Bisbee Group) Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Mid-Cretaceous – West Tucson Mts. – Amole Arkose Gray to brown siltstone, arkosic sandstone, finely laminated limestone, sparse conglomerate – correlates with Bisbee Group Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Mid-Cretaceous – Amole Arkose in Sedimentary Hills (W. Tucson Mts.) Green = Amole Arkose ~ 100 Ma Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Mid-Cretaceous – W. Tucson Mts. – Amole Arkose - Sedimentary Hills Sedimentary Hills, looking west from Kinney Road, dipping southwest Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Mid-Cretaceous – W. Tucson Mts. – Sedimentary Hills & W. Ajo Rd. Amole Arkose ~ 100 Ma Fish fossil, ASDM (Kring, 2002) Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Late Cretaceous – Ft. Crittenden correlative Incomplete left hind limb, ilium, femur, tibia, etc. hadrosaur (duck billed dinosaur) of Late Cretaceous age (Campanian [83 Ma] or Maastrichtian [66 Ma]) Gates Pass Road ~550 m NNW of Gates Pass in megabreccia clast in Tucson Mountain Chaos (now called basal Cat Mountain Tuff) Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Folding after mid-Cretaceous Amole Arkose, before Late Cretaceous Cat Mountain Rhyolite Folded mid-Cret. Amole Arkose truncated by erosion in a nearly flat plane pre-Cat Mtn. (Late Cretaceous) Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Earliest Laramide Yuma Mine Volcanics MQA Rhyolite, dacite, fine- grained andesite, porphyritic andesite, sed. rocks MQA is consistent with mineralogy at Old Yuma mine. Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Earliest Laramide - Yuma Mine Volcanics Baked zone in Yuma mine volcani-clastic Kyr sediments Kcw Kvs Foliated Cat Mountain Tuff ‘Oatmeal’ porphyry ~75 Ma - plagioclase texture in Yuma Mine shoshonitic andesite Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 Late Cretaceous – Old Yuma Mine Dick Bideaux Mark Hay’s Frank Sousa’s Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Late Cretaceous – Old Yuma Mine Photos by Dick Bideaux NE-striking fault is significant in the formation of the wulfenite. Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Late Cretaceous – Old Yuma Mine Anglesite Vanadinite, Calcite Pb5(VO4)3Cl, owner Les & Paula Presmyk, TGMS Cerussite 2012 display Chrysocolla Descloizite Fornacite Galena 2+ 4+ Minium, (Pb 2Pb O4) Hematite 6 mm FOV, photo by Michael C. Roarke, Malachite vanadinite Minium mindat.org Mottramite Plattnerite Quartz Tetrahedrite Vanadinite Willemite Wulfenite Cerussite, (PbCO3) 1” bar, Rock Currier, H. Oboda Vanadinite, owner Tony collection, mindat.org Potucek Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Wulfenite – Old Yuma Mine Owner Jim & Gail Spann Owner John & Karen Cesar Owner Frank Sousa Owner Stan Keith Owner Paul Harter Owner Les & Paula Presmyk Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com MQA Mines in N. Tucson Mts. • Busterville • Old Yuma • Gila Monster Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Mine Production from Northern Tucson Mts. (MQA) (Keith, 1974) Production Ore Au No. Mine Period (short Ag (oz/T) Cu (%) Pb (%) Zn (%) (oz/T) (years) tons) Arizona Consolidated 1 Early 1900s 1,100 trace 2.6 0.7 0 0 (Uncle Sam) 12 Old Yuma 1916-1947 5,700 0.1 1 1 4 0.6 18 Twin Hill prospect 1944 40 1 4 4 Minerals in Northern Tucson Mts. No. Mine Primary minerals Secondary minerals Other minerals Arizona Consolidated Copper carbonates, copper Quartz 1 Copper sulfides (Uncle Sam) oxides, copper silicates 12 Old Yuma Base metal sulfides Wulfenite, vanadinite, etc. Quartz, calcite 18 Twin Hill prospect Lead-zinc carbonate Source: Keith, 1974, Index of Mining properties in Pima County, Arizona: Arizona Bureau of Mines Bulletin 189. Mindat.org Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Early Laramide - 75-65 Ma – Cat Mountain Tuff Cat Mountain Rhyolite 73 Ma Gates Pass Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D., R.G. April 1, 2017 www.janrasmussen.com Late Cretaceous – Early Laramide orogeny – large volume of volcanics, calderas, intrusions (75-70 Ma) Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines, 1991 Tucson Mts. – Golden Gate (S. of Gates Pass) - Cat Mountain Rhyolite – 73.1+0.2 (Lipman) Ma ignimbrite (rhyolite ash flows) Jan C.
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