DOCSLIB.ORG

POPULATION and DEVELOPMENT in the SAHEL: Policy Choices to Catalyze a Demographic

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
POPULATION and DEVELOPMENT in the SAHEL: Policy Choices to Catalyze a Demographic POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE SAHEL: Policy Choices to Catalyze a Demographic Public Disclosure Authorized Dividend DISCUSSION PAPER AUGUST 2016 Meera Shekar Abdo Yazbeck Public Disclosure Authorized Rifat Hasan Anne Bakilana Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE SAHEL: Policy Choices to Catalyze a Demographic Dividend Meera Shekar, Abdo Yazbeck, Rifat Hasan and Anne Bakilana With contributions from Corrina Moucheraud, Sarah Castle, Latif Dramani, Aissatou Diack, Haidara Ousmane Diadie, Djibrilla Karamoko, Ibrahim Magazi i Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Paper This series is produced by the Health, Nutrition, and Population (HNP) Global Practice of the World Bank Group. The papers in this series aim to provide a vehicle for publishing preliminary results on HNP topics to encourage discussion and debate. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank Group, to its affiliated organizations or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. Citation and the use of material presented in this series should take into account this provisional character. For information regarding the HNP Discussion Paper Series, please contact the Editor, Martin Lutalo at [email protected] or Erika Yanick at [email protected]. © 2014 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 All rights reserved. ii Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Paper Population and Development in the Sahel: Policy Choices to Catalyze a Demographic Dividend HNP Global Practice, World Bank, Washington, DC Abstract: The demographic transition in the Sahel region has been slower than that in the rest of the world. Although child mortality rates have declined in recent decades, they are still higher in West Africa than in other regions. Furthermore, the fertility decline has progressed very slowly, with some countries seeing stalls and others even an increase in birth rates. The speed with which this transition takes place has a critical impact on a population’s age structure and future potential for economic productivity. The current rates of change in the Sahelian subregion will make it unlikely that countries will achieve an age structure that will create a youth bulge of a healthy, well-nourished, and educated cohort ready to enter a modern labor market to capture a sizable demographic dividend. Once missed, this opportunity for a demographic dividend will not return. This analysis uses quantitative data triangulated with the qualitative findings and policy analyses to identify the triggers necessary to accelerate the demographic dividend in this subregion. Keywords: Sahel, demography, demographic dividend, development Disclaimer: The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in the paper are entirely those of the authors, and do not represent the views of the World Bank, its Executive Directors, or the countries they represent. Correspondence Details: Meera Shekar, The World Bank, Health, Nutrition & Population, 1818 H. Street, NW, Washington DC 20433, United States, +1 (202) 473-6029, [email protected], www.worldbank.org. iii iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................................. VII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... VIII POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE SAHEL .......................................................................................... VIII POPULATION SIZE, STRUCTURE, MORTALITY, AND FERTILITY ...................................................................... VIII OPPORTUNITIES IN THE POLICY SPACE........................................................................................................ IX GOING FORWARD: SHORT-, MEDIUM-, AND LONGER-TERM ACTIONS ............................................................. X ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................................................... XIV PART 1 – INTRODUCTION AND CONTEXT ............................................................................................... 1 THE DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND ...................................................................................................................... 1 SOURCES AND SPEED OF POPULATION GROWTH .......................................................................................... 4 GENESIS AND OBJECTIVE OF THIS REPORT .................................................................................................. 4 POPULATION, THE WORLD BANK, AND PARTNERSHIPS .................................................................................. 5 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................................... 6 PART II – THE DEMOGRAPHIC PICTURE: QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS ................................................. 7 POPULATION SIZE AND RATES OF GROWTH .................................................................................................. 7 POPULATION DYNAMICS AND STRUCTURE .................................................................................................... 8 DETERMINANTS OF HIGH FERTILITY IN THE REGION .................................................................................... 11 DEMAND FOR CHILDREN AND CONTRACEPTIVE USE .................................................................................... 14 PART III – DIGGING A LITTLE DEEPER: QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS ..................................................... 19 THE DEMAND FOR CHILDREN ..................................................................................................................... 19 FINDINGS ON SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS .................................................................................................... 21 FAMILY PLANNING SERVICE PROVISION AND TRAINING OF WORKERS .......................................................... 23 POPULATION GROWTH, MIGRATION, AND URBAN LIVING ............................................................................. 24 EDUCATION AND TRAINING ......................................................................................................................... 25 YOUTH EMPLOYMENT AND THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................ 27 BANKING AND SAVINGS .............................................................................................................................. 28 KEY MESSAGES FROM THE QUALITATIVE INQUIRY ....................................................................................... 29 PART IV – POLICY SPACE ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................... 31 POLICY MAPPING: A GLOBAL REVIEW OF EVIDENCE ................................................................................... 31 Family Planning ................................................................................................................................... 31 Age at Marriage ................................................................................................................................... 34 Infant and Child Health ........................................................................................................................ 35 Education ............................................................................................................................................ 36 Main Messages from the Global Review of Evidence ......................................................................... 37 THE FOUR-COUNTRY POLICY SPACE ANALYSIS .......................................................................................... 40 Burkina Faso ....................................................................................................................................... 40 Côte d’Ivoire ........................................................................................................................................ 42 Mali ...................................................................................................................................................... 44 Niger .................................................................................................................................................... 47 Main Messages from Policy Space Analysis ....................................................................................... 50 PART V – PRIORITIES FOR POPULATION IN THE SAHEL .................................................................... 52 WHAT IS THE POPULATION PICTURE IN THE SAHEL? ................................................................................... 52 WHY HAS THE REGION LAGGED ON THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION?......................................................... 53 HOW CAN SAHEL COUNTRIES ADDRESS POPULATION DYNAMICS? .............................................................. 54 A FEW CONCLUDING THOUGHTS ................................................................................................................ 55 v APPENDIX 1: METHODOLOGY ...............................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Capturing the Demographic Dividend in Pakistan
    CAPTURING THE DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND IN PAKISTAN ZEBA A. SATHAR RABBI ROYAN JOHN BONGAARTS EDITORS WITH A FOREWORD BY DAVID E. BLOOM The Population Council confronts critical health and development issues—from stopping the spread of HIV to improving reproductive health and ensuring that young people lead full and productive lives. Through biomedical, social science, and public health research in 50 countries, we work with our partners to deliver solutions that lead to more effective policies, programs, and technologies that improve lives around the world. Established in 1952 and headquartered in New York, the Council is a nongovernmental, nonprofit organization governed by an international board of trustees. © 2013 The Population Council, Inc. Population Council One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza New York, NY 10017 USA Population Council House No. 7, Street No. 62 Section F-6/3 Islamabad, Pakistan http://www.popcouncil.org The United Nations Population Fund is an international development agency that promotes the right of every woman, man, and child to enjoy a life of health and equal opportunity. UNFPA supports countries in using population data for policies and programmes to reduce poverty and to ensure that every pregnancy is wanted, every birth is safe, every young person is free of HIV and AIDS, and every girl and woman is treated with dignity and respect. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Capturing the demographic dividend in Pakistan / Zeba Sathar, Rabbi Royan, John Bongaarts, editors. -- First edition. pages ; cm Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-87834-129-0 (alkaline paper) 1. Pakistan--Population--Economic aspects. 2. Demographic transition--Economic aspects--Pakistan.
    [Show full text]
  • The Family Economy and Agricultural Innovation in West Africa: Towards New Partnerships
    THE FAMILY ECONOMY AND AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION IN WEST AFRICA: TOWARDS NEW PARTNERSHIPS Overview An Initiative of the Sahel and West Africa Club (SWAC) Secretariat SAH/D(2005)550 March 2005 Le Seine Saint-Germain 4, Boulevard des Iles 92130 ISSY-LES-MOULINEAUX Tel. : +33 (0) 1 45 24 89 87 Fax : +33 (0) 1 45 24 90 31 http://www.oecd.org/sah Adresse postale : 2 rue André-Pascal 75775 Paris Cedex 16 Transformations de l’agriculture ouest-africaine Transformation of West African Agriculture 0 2 THE FAMILY ECONOMY AND AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION IN WEST AFRICA: TOWARDS NEW PARTNERSHIPS Overview SAH/D(2005)550 March, 2005 The principal authors of this report are: Dr. Jean Sibiri Zoundi, Regional Coordinator of the SWAC Secretariat Initiative on access to agricultural innovation, INERA Burkina Faso ([email protected]). Mr. Léonidas Hitimana, Agricultural Economist, Agricultural Transformation and Sustainable Development Unit, SWAC Secretariat ([email protected]) Mr. Karim Hussein, Head of the Agricultural Transformation and Sustainable Development Unit, SWAC Secretariat, and overall Coordinator of the Initiative ([email protected]) 3 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS Headquarters AAGDS Accelerated Agricultural Growth Development Strategy Ghana ADB African Development Bank Tunisia ADF African Development Fund Tunisia ADOP Appui direct aux opérateurs privés (Direct Support for Private Sector Burkina Faso Operators) ADRK Association pour le développement de la région de Kaya (Association for the Burkina Faso (ADKR) Development of the
    [Show full text]
  • Creating and Capitalizing on the Demographic Dividend for Africa Cover Credits: Mariama Zachary and Akua Azaiz Tend to Cocoa Beans on a Drying Table
    Creating and Capitalizing on the Demographic Dividend for Africa Cover Credits: Mariama Zachary and Akua Azaiz tend to cocoa beans on a drying table. Cocoa beans are an important cash crop for the farmers in Sawuah, many of whom use the profits to send their children to school. When small farmers are able to increase their productivity, it improves not only their well-being, but the living standards of their family and communities for the long term. (Sawuah, Ghana, 2011) © Photo Courtesy of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 2 CREATING AND CAPITALIZING ON THE DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND FOR AFRICA ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This issues paper on the Demographic Dividend, jointly sponsored by the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) and the African Union Commission (AUC), was prepared under the leadership of Thokozile Ruzvidzo, Director of the African Centre for Gender and Social Development, with the active involvement of Olawale Maiyegun, Direc- tor of the AUC Department of Social Affairs. Directions for and preparation of the paper benefited from inputs provided by members of the Demographic Dividend Side Event Steering Committee affiliated with the following organizations: Sahlu Haile and Yemeser- ach Belayneh (David and Lucile Packard Foundation); Benoit Kalasa and Serge Bounda (UNFPA); Jotham Musinguzi (Partners for Population and Development, Africa Regional Office); Olu Ajakaiye (African Centre for Shared Development Capacity Building); Euge- nia Amporfu (African Health Economic Association); Latif Dramani (Université de Thiès); Cheikh Mbacke (William and Flora Hewlett Foundation); Eliya Zulu (African Institute for Development Policy); Agnes Soucat (African Development Bank); Scott Radloff (US Agen- cy for International Development). In addition the paper relied on technical research material from David Bloom and David Canning at Harvard University, Andrew Mason at the University of Hawaii, Ronald Lee at the University of California at Berkeley and the Popu- lation Reference Bureau.
    [Show full text]
  • Demography and Economic Growth: a Policy-‐Dependent Relationship
    Demography and Economic Growth: A policy-dependent relationship Vincent Barras and Hans Groth World Demographic & Ageing Forum (WDA Forum), St. Gallen, Switzerland Demographic dynamics, together with other megatrends such as globalization, urbanization, industrialization, and the rise of technology, are shaping the future of our societies and economies. Unfortunately, descriptions of megatrends often lack the required granularity to provide actionable insights to policy makers and business planners. This article bridges this gap by highlighting how demographic dynamics influence economic growth. It also puts forward action levers to improve countries’ demographic fitness and economic competiveness. In a first stage, we introduce the field of demography and the fundamental concepts of demographic transition and demographic dividend. Further, we summarize the impact of demography on economic growth to establish the hypothesis that growth-inducing policies are the key drivers of economic development, whereas population size and structure play an enabling secondary role. We then analyze how population, social, and economic policies can help manage two main challenges posed by demographic dynamics globally. On the one hand, the more developed countries need to find a way of maintaining wealth and welfare and of prospering with a shrinking and ageing workforce. On the other hand, the less developed countries need to build societies that offer employment and opportunities to their young in order to avoid social unrest. In our conclusion, we explain why and how international cooperation is key to address emerging global demographic imbalances. We also highlight that when it comes to managing demographic transitions at a national and transnational level, failure is not an option.
    [Show full text]
  • Participant List
    Participant List 10/20/2019 8:45:44 AM Category First Name Last Name Position Organization Nationality CSO Jillian Abballe UN Advocacy Officer and Anglican Communion United States Head of Office Ramil Abbasov Chariman of the Managing Spektr Socio-Economic Azerbaijan Board Researches and Development Public Union Babak Abbaszadeh President and Chief Toronto Centre for Global Canada Executive Officer Leadership in Financial Supervision Amr Abdallah Director, Gulf Programs Educaiton for Employment - United States EFE HAGAR ABDELRAHM African affairs & SDGs Unit Maat for Peace, Development Egypt AN Manager and Human Rights Abukar Abdi CEO Juba Foundation Kenya Nabil Abdo MENA Senior Policy Oxfam International Lebanon Advisor Mala Abdulaziz Executive director Swift Relief Foundation Nigeria Maryati Abdullah Director/National Publish What You Pay Indonesia Coordinator Indonesia Yussuf Abdullahi Regional Team Lead Pact Kenya Abdulahi Abdulraheem Executive Director Initiative for Sound Education Nigeria Relationship & Health Muttaqa Abdulra'uf Research Fellow International Trade Union Nigeria Confederation (ITUC) Kehinde Abdulsalam Interfaith Minister Strength in Diversity Nigeria Development Centre, Nigeria Kassim Abdulsalam Zonal Coordinator/Field Strength in Diversity Nigeria Executive Development Centre, Nigeria and Farmers Advocacy and Support Initiative in Nig Shahlo Abdunabizoda Director Jahon Tajikistan Shontaye Abegaz Executive Director International Insitute for Human United States Security Subhashini Abeysinghe Research Director Verite
    [Show full text]
  • Empowering Women in West African Markets Case Studies from Kano, Katsina (Nigeria) and Maradi (Niger)
    Fighting Hunger Worldwide Empowering Women in West African Markets Case Studies from Kano, Katsina (Nigeria) and Maradi (Niger) VAM Gender and Markets Study #7 2017 1 The Zero Hunger Challenge emphasizes the importance of strengthening economic empowerment in support of the Sustainable Development Goal 2 to double small-scale producer incomes and productivity. The increasing focus on resilient markets can bring important contributions to sustainable food systems and build resilience. Participation in market systems is not only a means for people to secure their livelihood, but it also enables them to exercise agency, maintain dignity, build social capital and increase self-worth. Food security analysis must take into account questions of gender-based violence and discrimination in order to deliver well-tailored assistance to those most in need. WFP’s Nutrition Policy (2017-2021) reconfirms that gender equality and women’s empowerment are essential to achieve good nutrition and sustainable and resilient livelihoods, which are based on human rights and justice. This is why gender-sensitive analysis in nutrition programmes is a crucial contribution to achieving the SDGs. The VAM Gender & Markets Initiative of the WFP Regional Bureau for West and Central Africa seeks to strengthen WFP and partners’ commitment, accountability and capacities for gender-sensitive food security and nutrition analysis in order to design market-based interventions that empower women and vulnerable populations. The series of regional VAM Gender and Markets Studies is an effort to build the evidence base and establish a link to SDG 5 which seeks to achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.
    [Show full text]
  • Socio-Demographic Study in the Pru Basin 1
    WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION ORGANISATION MONDIALE DE LA SANTE ONCHOCERCIASIS CONTROL PROGRAMME IN WEST AFRICA PROGRAMME DE LUTTE CONTRE L'ONCHOCERCOSE EN AFzuQUE DE L'OUEST EXPERT ADVISORY COMMITTEE Ad hoc Session Ouasadousou 1l - 15 March 2002 EAC.AD.7 Original: English December 2001 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC STUDY IN THE PRU BASIN 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES J LIST OF FIGURES J ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4 ACRONYMS 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 9 1.0 The Study Background 9 1.1 Programme Achievements 9 1,.2 The Problem Statement 10 1.3 Objectives of the Study 10 . Major Objective 10 . Specific Objectives 10 1.4 Method of Data Collection l0 1.5 Field Problems 11 CHAPTER TWO: SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMMUNITIES t2 2.0 Introduction t2 2.1 Location t2 2.2' Geographical Features t2 2.3 The Population t2 2.4 Economic Activities 13 2.5 Social Infrastructure 13 2.6 Conclusion t4 2 CHAPTER THREE: FINDINGS 15 3.0 Introduction l5 3.1 Socio-demographic Characteristics of Respondents l5 3.1.0 Sex t5 3.1.1 Age 15 3.t.2 Educational Background l6 3. 1.3 Economic Activities l7 3.t.4 Religion 17 3.1.5 Duration of Residence t7 3.2 SettlementPatterns 17 3.3 Patterns of Population Movement 18 3.4 Organization of Treatment 19 3.4.0 Coverage 2t 3.4.1 The Community Distributors 27 3.5 Other Issues 27 3.5.0 Causes and Treatment of Oncho 28 3.5.1 Ivemectine 29 3.5.2 General Concerns 29 CHAPTER FOUR: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 30 4.0 Findings 30 4.1 Recommendations 3l J LIST OF TABLES Table I Data Collection Techniques and Respective Respondents 11 Table
    [Show full text]
  • Communications Strategy for Niger State Contributory Health Scheme
    COMMUNICATIONS STRATEGY Niger State Contributory Health Scheme (NiCare) SUPPORTED BY THE DEMAND SIDE FINANCING PROJECT CONSORTIUM: RESULTS FOR DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE (R4D) AND HEALTH SysTEMS CONSULT LIMITED (HSCL) Communications Strategy Niger State Contributory Health Scheme (NiCare) Copyright @2020 The Demand Side Financing Project Consortium: Results for Development Institute (R4D) and Health Systems Consult Limited (HSCL) This publication was produced by Dr. Ifeanyi M. Nsofor with the support of The Demand Side Financing Project Consortium: Results for Development Institute (R4D) and Health Systems Consult Limited (HSCL) All rights reserved. Published July 2020 Cover Design, Layout and Infographics by Boboye Onduku/Blo’comms, 2020 COMMUNICATIONS STRATEGY Niger State Contributory Health Scheme (NiCare) Acknowledgements Niger State Contributory Health Agency (NSCHA) acknowledges the resilient support of the Result for Development (R4D) and Health Systems Consult Limited (HSCL) consortium in the development of the Niger State Contributory Health Scheme Communications Strategy. The impact of the consortium since the inception of the Agency has been felt in the State. Our most sincere appreciation goes to the consultant, Dr. Ifeanyi McWilliams Nsofor and his team in EpiAFRIC for their technical expertise and patience in driving the process of developing this document. The Communications Strategy is well structured to strategically drive the communications effort of the Agency towards achieving Universal Health Coverage in Niger State. II
    [Show full text]
  • Niger IMAGINE Long-Term Evaluation
    FINAL REPORT Niger IMAGINE Long-Term Evaluation June 6, 2016 Emilie Bagby Anca Dumitrescu Cara Orfield Matt Sloan Submitted to: Millennium Challenge Corporation 1099 14th Street NW Suite 700 Washington, DC 20005 (202) 521-3600 Project Officer: Carolyn Perrin Contract Number: MCC-10-0114-CON-20-TO08 Submitted by: Mathematica Policy Research 1100 1st Street, NE 12th Floor Washington, DC 20002-4221 Telephone: (202) 484-9220 Facsimile: (202) 863-1763 Project Director: Matt Sloan Reference Number: 40038.530 This page has been left blank for double-sided copying. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report reflects the combined efforts of many people, including our current Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) project officer, Mike Cooper, our previous MCC project officers Sophia van der Bijl and Amanda Moderson-Cox, and Jennifer Gerst, Jennifer Sturdy and Malik Chaka, also at MCC, who together provided us guidance and support throughout the project. This study would not have been possible without the contributions of our Niger Education and Community Strengthening (NECS) and IMAGINE project partners. We would first like to acknowledge the wide range of Niger Threshold Program implementers and coordinators who generously shared their time and attention to help improve the quality, comprehensiveness, and depth of the study. We are grateful to Government of Niger staff at the Ministry of Education and the National Institute of Statistics for providing important feedback on the survey instrument and data collection plan, as well as providing feedback to the report content. We also received indispensable advice and support from several staff at USAID, especially Jennifer Swift-Morgan. This report depended on contributions from a wide range of data collection, supervisory, and support staff.
    [Show full text]
  • 2. Horizontal Inequalities in Ghana, Côte D'ivoire, Nigeria, and Mali
    98900 Regional Imbalances, Horizontal Inequalities, and Violent Conflicts: Public Disclosure Authorized Insights from Four West African Countries Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Arnim Langer and Frances Stewart Public Disclosure Authorized Fragility, Conflict, and Violence Group World Bank 2015 1 Table of Contents Abbreviations .................................................................................................... 3 1. Introduction ................................................................................................... 4 2. Horizontal inequalities in Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria, and Mali ................... 8 2.1 Ghana ................................................................................................................. 8 2.2 Côte d’Ivoire ..................................................................................................... 18 2.3 Nigeria .............................................................................................................. 24 2.4 Mali .................................................................................................................. 30 2.5 HIs: A comparative assessment .......................................................................... 35 3. An overview of causes of inequalities ............................................................ 36 4. Recent policies toward HIs ............................................................................ 40 5. From horizontal inequalities to violent conflict: Insights
    [Show full text]
  • Harnessing the Demographic Dividend in Uganda an Assessment of the Impact of Multisectoral Approaches
    HARNESSING THE DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND IN UGANDA AN ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF MULTISECTORAL APPROACHES Economic Policy Research THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA Institute AN ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF MULTISECTORAL APPROACHES 1 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA NATIONAL POPULATION COUNCIL (NPC) Acknowledgements Harnessing the demographic dividend in Uganda demands targeted efforts to optimize the relationship between economic and population growth. This publication provides unique insight into the complex interplay between various economic and social forces, as well as public investment decisions through which Government can best leverage unprecedented economic opportunities brought about by the current demographic transition. The research and drafting of this report was led by the Economic Policy Research Institute (EPRI), in close collaboration with the Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development, the National Planning Authority, the National Population Council, the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBoS) and UNICEF Uganda. Frances Ellery provided editorial inputs and Rachel Kanyana designed this publication and its associated advocacy materials. HARNESSING THE DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND IN UGANDA An Assessment of the Impact of Multisectoral Approaches Economic Policy Research THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA Institute THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA NATIONAL POPULATION COUNCIL (NPC) Foreword With over half its population under the age of 18, Uganda has one of the youngest populations in the world. This is only expected to increase over the coming decades as the number of children, adoles- cents and youth in Uganda is forecasted to rise from 27.5 million in 2015 to 75.9 million in 2080. Based on these population dynamics, Uganda is uniquely positioned to harness the economic and social bene- fits of a young and growing dynamic population.
    [Show full text]
  • Empires of Medieval West Africa
    GREAT EMPIRES OF THE PAST Empires of Medieval WestAfrica Ghana, Mali, and Songhay DAVID C. CONRAD Great Empires of the Past: EMPIRES OF MEDIEVAL WEST AFRICA Copyright © 2005 David C. Conrad David C. Conrad is professor of African history at the State University of New York, Oswego. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, contact: Facts On File, Inc. 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Conrad, David C. Empires of medieval West Africa : Ghana, Mali, and Songhay / David Conrad. p. cm. — (Great empires of the past) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8160-5562-9 (acid-free paper) 1. Ghana (Empire) — History — Juvenile literature. 2. Mali (Empire) — History — Juvenile literature. 3. Songhai Empire — History — Juvenile literature. 4. Soninke (African people) — History — Juvenile literature. 5. Mandingo (African people) — History — Juvenile literature. 6. Ethnology — Africa, West — History — Juvenile literature. 7. Africa, West — History — To 1884 — Juvenile literature. 8. Africa — History — To 1498 — Juvenile literature. I. Title. II. Series. DT532.C66 2005 966'.021 — dc22 2004028478 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institu- tions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Produced by the Shoreline Publishing Group LLC Editorial Director: James Buckley Jr.
    [Show full text]