WORKS TRANSPORT
FOUKDID 18 7 2
Vol. CXXXVI. No. 3508 FEBRUARY I6. I945 9d. W E E K LY
What pnce a million homes?
The cost of post-war building M .E.M . had, up to the war, pro will largely depend upon the cost gressively reduced prices and im of each component. And that will proved quality and this process depend upon the way in which it goes on. is produced. Only efficient large scale production can combine low
cost and quality with quantity. SWITCHGEAR M .E.M . Switch and Fuse Gear MOTOR STARTERS FUSEGEAR has shown how this can be done. ELECTRIC FIRES
MIDLAND ELECTRIC MANUFACTURING CO. LTD., TYSELEY, BIRMINGHAM, 11 London Showrooms and Stores : 21-22 Rathbone Place, W.1 • Manchester Showrooms and Stores : 48-50 Chapel St., Salford, 3 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w February 16, 19"*-
______" INVERTED VERTICAL ISOLATION E.H.T. METALCLAD SWITCHGEAR
T Y P IC A L “ IVI ” M ETA LCLAD SW ITC H B O A R D FOR H KV. 250 MVA SERVICE
IV I 3 Metalclad Unit AIR YORKSHIRE CATON or COMPOUND INSULATED. SWITCHGEAR PATENTS SHORT CIRCUIT TESTED an d £ruiimmune/Codi) in excess of breaker rating LEEDS £ certified to BSS116/1937 TELEPHONE 5I03S/9 TELEGRAMS ”CONTROLLER up to rated capacity
I OND O N OFFICE: GRAND BUILDINGS • TRAFALGAR SQ. W .C . 2 TELEPHONE No. : WHITEHALL 3530 February 16, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 1
THtVAlLlEOF CONTRAST)
The greater the time spent beforehand in improving and simplifying a product—the greater the time (and cost) saved ultimate'y. Time is a quantitative factor, and any overdrafts on it by Heatrae in progressive design represent ultimate “ credits” to subsequent Maintenance costs. As the Latins once said TIME PROVES ALL THINGS
LEADERS IN ELECTRIC WATER HEATING
HEATRAE LTD., NORWICH PHONE : NORWICH 25131 GRAMS : HEATRAE, NORWICH
Tu WESTMINSTER ENI. CO. Lu. SOUND TERMINAL WITHOUT SOLDER Victoria Road, Willesden Junction, N.W.IO Telephone : Telegrams : W illesden 1700-1 “ Regency, Phone, London Suitable for Telephone Lines
FOR CABLES S IZ E S FR O M
A N D W IR E S 5 t o f " OF ALL KINDS HOLE ROSS COURTNEY & Co. Ltd. ASHBROOK ROAD, LONDON, N.I9
BRIDGE SUPPORTS
A batch of Pedestal Type single-ended “ WESTMINSTER” PATENT SCALING MACHINES For removing the scale from 2 surfaces on one edge of plate simultaneously, preparatory to welding. MCLand REPETITION LTD. The grinding wheels are self-adjusting for varying Pool Lane Lanqleg Birmingham. th ick n ess A 2 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w February 10, i ARDIMG ? f l a t t e n s
Electric POWER is a m i g h t Y sinew of the nation's effort. It must be GUARDED against leakage.
Tullis Russell Rothmill Cable Insulating Papers are called upon by leading cable manu facturers to perform this task, and it is carried out admirably by these renowned, uniformly high-quality insulating papers.
liothmill Papers are guaran teed free from metals and grit. Write for details of the com plete range. ROTHIIIILL CABLE INSULATING PAPER
T u r C o .t t d . Auchmuty & Rothe9 Paper Mills, Markinch, Scotland LONDON MANCHESTER BIRMINGHAM I Tudor St.. 372 Corn Exchange 116 Coin»''**« R/'«» R C 4 Rides Cnrooratinn fit February 16, 1 945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 3
Time dries not I ' tell on a
Cro m )i to n Meter
CRom PTon^pRRKinson limited
ELECTRA HOUSE, VICTORIA EMBANKMENT, LONDON, W . C . 2 , an d B r a n c h er 4 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w February 16, 1945
QjINNINjQ ^ EO.UIPMENT ^ FOR HARD CHROME DEPOSITION
For reclaiming and building up Engineering products. Cams, crankplns, crankshafts, gears, bearings, piston rods, cylinders for internal combustion engines, gauges, dies, moulds, etc. Let us help you with your reclamation i l l (& C° LTP w problems. GREAT HAMPTON STREET, BIRMINGHAM II February 16, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 5
M l 43
Theirs is the present who can praise the past Shenstone
W i t h justifiable pride the Alton
Company casts a glance backward. Its record is of great achievement in the field of high- grade storage battery manufacture, service reliability and efficiency. The traditions sur rounding the name of Alton are being fully maintained by the present performance of Alton batteries in many installations of vital importance.
ALTON BATTERIES OF MERIT
THE ALTON BATTERY CO. LTD. (Sole Suppliers of FULLER Stationary Batteries) ALTON, HANTS. Telephone: Alton 226 7 and 2268 Telegrams : ‘Battery, Alton ’ 6 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w February 16, 1945
ELECTRONIC — — i f e VARIABLE SPEED DRIVE '"’WlTH HAND OR COMPLETE AUTOMATIC CONTROL FOR ALL VARIABLE SPEED POWER DRIVES fin m A.C. S I
By means "ClaA&fieeeCJbAive- Illustration shows automatic “ Varispeed” Drive on “ Lancaster” spar boom milling machine, the latter having multiple “ Varispeed ” motors, the one shown giving 75 B-H .P. Write for descriptive leaflet from the patentees THE ELECTRIC CONSTRUCTION C?LTP WOLVERHAMPTON. 'Jelephjon.e 2!455i7fc«^. February 16, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 7
S t o p F l u e D u s t E m i s s i o n Full particulars are given in our post free booklet— C/1494. S t u r t e v a n t E n g in e e r in g C o . Lt d . 25, W o r c e s t e r R o a d , S u t t o n , S u r r e y Telephone : Vigilant 2275 8 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w February 16, 1945
Designed and manufactured by Specialists with over 40 years’ experience
still stands as the unequalled name for
u n e
domestic electric heating appliances . . . Kettles, Fires, Irons, Toasters, Coffee Percolators, etc.
PREMIER ELECTRIC HEATERS LTD., BIRMINGHAM, 9 February 16, 1945 Electrical Review
• Foil ANY VERTICAL HEAD
• F o r temperatures it » t o t h e r a t e » m a x i m u m
SANDWICH'type BRfTÇH PATENT No. 364710 ( PAPE R IA SU L AT EI» ) Obtainable with any of the standard paper GABLES insulated cable finishes. are recommended for all indoor mains wiring as well as for the more arduous service such as Pit Shaft Cables and Rising Mains for which they were originally developed. Available to current British Standards for paper insulated cables up to 3-3kV and at no extra cost. L GUARANTEED NOT TO SEEP OR RLEED BRITISH INSULATED CABLES LTD. TelephoL 0X 6571 Head Office : PRESCOT, LANCS. SURREY HOUSE, EMBANKMENT, W.C.2. s iq45 10 Electrical Review February
W e have a wide range of Standard 2, 3, and 4 W ay Terminal Blocks to meet the requirements of manufacturers of electrical equipment. W e have designed and produced many mouldings for the Electrical Trade, and these are some of the few which we can still manufacture for present-day needs. However, we look forward to the time when we shall be solving your post-war problems, assisted by the extensive knowledge we are gaining in manufacturing to exacting war-time specifications. INSULATORS LTD ftU M A xli+ tjys o f /M eA jLt
L E O P O L D R O A D . E D M O N T O N . L O N D O N . N 18 . P H O N E : T O T 149) ( 4 , in e l) February 1 6 , 1 9 4 5 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 11
T1IE SINGLE-DISC POLYPHASE METER
d ' t t m o v w w
c a n l y e
o é t à i n e a
j p x m
% w u w t i
F.183 FERRANTI Ltd., Hollinwood, Lancs. LONDON OFFICE: KERN HOUSE, KINGSWAY, W.C.2 F e b ru a ry 16. 1^45 12 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w Hi
¿ L J t y
F O R EVERY
1 H D U 5 T R I A L
SITUATION
L.D.C. Flameproof Motors (Buxton Certified) Driving Benzol Pumps
■ . . ______LANCASHIRE DYNAMO 4 CRYPTO LTD TRAFFORD PARK. MANCHESTER.lA IN E H tSltK . 171/ WII I CCrxtKi , ^ „ Associated Compon.cs WILLESDEN. LONDON. N.W.IO FOSTER TRANSFORMERS & SWITCHGEAR LTD CRYPTQN EQUIPMENT LTD February 1 6 , 1 9 4 5 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 13
FOSTER INSTRUMENT TRANSFORM E RS
FOSTER TRANSFORMERS & SWITCHOEAR Ltd (I ncorporating FOSTER ENGINEERING COMPANY) SOUTH W IM BLEDO N LO N D O N S.W.I9.
Asociated Companies: Lancashire Dynamo & Crypto Ltd. Crypton Equipment Ltd. 14 Electrical Review F e b r u a r y 16. 1 ^4
All t h is talk about the power of electricity cuts no ice with M e s s rs . Volt and Amp and Mr. and Mrs. Watt. What they’d like is a little bit of freedom, but they haven’t a chance when they come up against a p ie c e of Mica or Micanite or Paxolin or Panilax or Empire Tape, all of which are made by the Micanite and
Insulators THE y 'VEG o t people for v S T A P r r x manufacturers ^ * / / and others, who must keep electricity in its proper place..
THE MICANITE & INSULATORS CO. LTD.
EMPIRE WORKS. RLACKHORSE LANE. LONDON. E.I7
M a k ers of M IC A N ITE (Built-up Mica insulation). Fabricated and Processed MIC 4 laminated sheets, rods, tubes and cylinders). High-voltage Bushings and Terminals for irul J a v e,lc"res,v varnished Insulating Cloths and Tapes and all other forms of Electrical Insulation. Su °°j.aa °UJ oor use’ ^m pire Lealheroid, Presspahn, etc. Distributors of Micofiex-Duratube Sleevings and Kenutuf Injection Flbre' February 1 6 , 1 9 4 5 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w ENGLISH ELECTRIC
SWITCHGEAR
“English Electric” Air-Blast Switchgear can be employed for all duties to which O il-Break Switchgear is applicable and for all standard voltages from 3'3kV. to l32kV. It is eminently suitable for repetitive switching such as Arc Furnace control. Publication SG/105 sent on request
3-3kV„ 1,600 amp., 250 MVA., Air-Blast Circvit-Breaker, indoor type. Isolators in open position.
IMPORTANT FEATURES •' Elimination of oil fire hazard • High speed operation • Rapid arc interruption with consistent performance over entire range up to full short circuit currents • Extremely low arc energy • Minimum maintenance, wear, and contact erosion • Mechanical simplicity • Compact and space saving 66kV , BOO amp., 1.500 M VA ., Air-Blast Circuit-Breaker, indoor • All parts easily accessible type. Isolators in closed position. THE INGUSH ELECTRIC COMPANY LTD. -STAFFORD- i 1945 16 Electrical Review February
W u m
A LIGHT WEIGHT ELECTRODE HOLDER FOR LIGHT GAUGE WORK
This holder has been specially designed for light gauge work and is made of hard copper and fibre—it weighs
only 65 ozs.
The electrode is automatically inclined at 803 to the handle and is released by pressing the fibre insulated knob
on to the bench or work
While work is being fitted or assembled, the electrode
holder, with an electrode in, can be laid on the bench or the work without shorting—a flat is provided on the
hand guard for this purpose.
Suitable for currents up to 100 amps.
FULLER ELECTRICAL & MNFG. CO. LTD. (Associated with Asea Electric Ltd.) p U L L Ł , Head 0tf,ce : Fu,bourne Road, Walthamstow. London E 17 Telephone: Telegrams:’ Larksw ood 2350 (10 lines) Fullmage, Telex London Branch Offices: Manchester 2 . Birmingham Glasgow February 1 6 , 1 9 4 5 E l e c t r i c aVtSKRtNGS l R CLOSE-UPSe v ie w 17
Observe ! A “ VISKRINGS ” Cable marker is taken from the
jar. It is slipped over the eable. It shrinks. It’s tight. Is
that all ? Absolutely! No machine .... no skill required
.... no failures. No wonder the “ VISKRINGS ” method
is so widely specified.
•m: • N O TOOLS REQUIRED •INDELIBLY PRINTED • N O RUBBER USED • SELF FIXING BY SHRINKAGE • IMPERISHABLE, IMPERVIOUS TO • DO NOT INCREASE DIAMETER OF CA BLE
VISCOSE DEVELOPMENT CO. LTD. WoWham Road, Bromley, Kent. ’Phone : Ravensbourne 2641
B
February 1 6 , 1 9 4 5 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 19 h a XLUM e ’ FLAMEPROOF FITTINGS FOR TUNGSTEN AND DISCHARGE LAMPS
CONSULT— London Office : VERITYS LTD. BRETTENHAM HOUSE LANCASTER PLACE ASTON - B’HAM 6 w.c. 2
Depots at BIRMINGHAM - MANCHESTER BRISTOL GLASGOW NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE LEEDS February 16, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w
‘Telcon ” cables by courtesy of Telegraph Construction & Maintenance Co. Limited. WELVIC and ALKATHENE
For cable covering
IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES LTD LONDON SWI
P.W.13 February 16, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 21 POWER/VICTORY BROOK MOTORS
EMPRESS WORKS • HUDDERSFIELD February 1<>, 1945 2 2 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w
V.I.R. and Synthetic Insulated Cables produced by this Company are being used for all essential war purposes
Manufactured in accordance with Government Specification Standard Telephones and Cables Limited (Cable Sales Department) North Woolwich • London • E.I6 Telephone : Albert Dock 1401 February 16. 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w
BEN7AMJN LIGHTING DATA 1 0 BENJAMIN CRYSTEEL ENAMEL l— PROVIDES A REFLECTING SURFACE OF HIGH EFFICIENCY
This is the finest porcelain enamel that can be provided. The metal is first cleaned, pickled, chemically neutralised, washed and dried. Then it is covered with the dull ground coat of enamel by complete immersion followed by firing. A first and second coat of white enamel follow, each being fired separately, and if the outside is also white this is done at the same time. Another colour involves different application to the outside but no additional firinss.
The result is a smooth durable surface reflecting the light in a manner which is sufficiently diffuse to prevent strong bright reflections being seen on the re flector surface, but is also sufficiently directional to produce the required distri bution for w hich each reflector is designed.
Write for your local Benjamin Engineer to show you how particular reflectors can be of use to you and if you have not seen the earlier data sheets in this series ask for them too.
BEN 7 AMJN THE BENJAMIN ELECTRIC LTD. Brantwood Works, Tottenham, LONDON, N.I7 Telegrams : _ Telephone: “ Benjaiect South tot, London " Tottenham 5252 5 lines'
LIGHTING APPLICATION BY BENJAMIN ENGINEERS 24 E lectrical Review February 16, 1945
This is one of many S.P. Bushing Porcelains
we make for all types of Transformer and Switchgear
Terminals and for special industrial applications. •
It may be worth your while to consult us before you finalize your design, STEATITE & PORCELAIN PRODUCTS LTD Head Office : Stourport-on-Scvern, Worcs. Telephone : Stourport 111. Telegrams : Steatain, Stourport IK February 16, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 25
BRIDGE TRANSFORMERS
x j t a t w n a m
T HE Hackbridge Electric Construction Co., Ltd., has a long and extensive experience in the manufacture of water cooled and other types of TRANSFORM ERS, up to the largest sizes, for hydro-electric power distribution. HACKBRIDGE TRANSFORMERS have established an unrivalled reputation for reliable service in world-wide hydro-electric installations, with operating conditions ranging from the tropical heat of East Africa to the extreme cold of Northern Canada.
HACKBRIDGE ELECTRIC CONSTRUCTION CO. LTD., WALTON-ON-THAMES
Telephone : V/alton-on-Thames 760 (8 lines)- S U R R E Y Telegrams: " Electric, Walton-on-Thames." 2 6 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w February 1 6 , 1 9 4 5 REDIFFUSION WAV E M E T E R
100 to 43,000 ICC. (3,000 to 7 m etres) m 8 ranges. Size 7 Y x 9 f ” x W eight 7 i lbs. Call box 5" x 8T x 8T.
The compact, precise check on every ship and shore radio station. Used by very many senior inspectors and officers for setting and maintaining accurate frequency calibration.
Immediate Delivery. Write for details to Sales 4 REDIFFUSION LTD Designers and manufacturers of Radio Communication and Industrial Electronic Equipment
A SUBSIDIARY' OF BROADCAS T RELAY SERVICE LIMITE VICTORIA STATION HOUSE - VICTORIA STREET - LONDON BOS (PHONE VICTORIA 8831) February 1 6 . 1 9 4 5 E l e c t r ic a l R e a te« February 16, 1945 28 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w
Don’t we know, sir, who our Chief Fuel W atcher is ? Of course you know the answer to that in your own place, but how much more could you tell the Ministry about your system for ensuring the utmost fuel efficiency ? Only the constant personal vigilance of directors and managers can keep it fully keyed up anywhere. What have you to show for it all—anything that will bear comparison with the following ? IN ONE FLOUR MILL they used to keep a sonnel in switching off unnecessary grinder running the whole time, whether apparatus, through more careful stoking, there was enough material to keep it work and by a greater watchfulness in the ing at full capacity or not. Now they matter of room temperatures. accumulate the stocks in bins until they have enough for a full load. By this BY NOT LIGHTING FOUNDRY FIRES in the intermittent working, the electricity con morning and doing all pouring in the sumption of this motor has been halved. afternoon, by operating heat treatment furnaces in batches instead of con AT A WIRELESS STATION savings o f 8 per tinuously, and by regular removal of cent, were made in lighting and 14 per cent, blackout,, iron in electric heating and power, together foundries have with substantial reductions in coke con saved up to 25 per sumption. These results were obtained cent, of their coal through the co-operation of factory per and gas.
HOW THESE The latest specialized knowledge on almost every BULLETINS S?n?eilS'?1® fuel is at y°ur finger-tips in the Fuel Efficiency Bulletins — advice and help that CAN HELP ordinarily would have to be heavily fee'd. I f y o u ’ve YOU mislaid your copies, apply now to the Regional Office of the Ministry. Issued by the Ministry of Fuel and Power February 16, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w
I k l
RUSH S w itc h g e a r is B characterised by meti culous attention in design and manufacture, to provide for “Safety First” operation. Photograph shows a 6.6-kV, 150-MVA Brush Metalclad Air Insulated Switchboard having duplicate Bus Bars w ith interlocked “ Off I ELECTRICAL , ENGINEERING ■ OUGHBORO U G H Circuit ” Bus Selector ENGLAND Switchgear.
BRANCHES : London, Birmingham. Cardiff, \ Bristol, Manchester, Leeds, Newcastle, Glasgow, Belfast, Dublin. 3 0 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w February 16. 1 9 4 5
CRVSELCO CONSTRUCTED m TO CONSERVE February 16, 1945 E l e c t r ic a i R e v ie w 31
Although this picture is dated 1775, the church tower standing on high ground still commands a view of the J. & P. W orks. Looking down from this vantage point to the West, one realises the extent of the J. & P. organisation—a reminder of the growth of electricity and those who have led in its development. J. & P. CABLES : Rubber and Thermoplastic ; Paper Insulated for pressures up to 66,000 v. CABLE BOXES AND ACCESSORIES OVERHEAD LINES AND LINE MATERIAL
SWITCHGEAR A.C. WELDING EQUIPMENT TRANSFORMERS STATIC ELECTRIC CONDENSERS WATER HEATERS INSTRUMENTS
Established at Charlton in the year 1875 JOHNSON & PHILLIPS LTD.. CHARLTON, LONDON, S.E.7 Telephone : Greenwich 3244 ( 13 lines). Telegrams : “ Juno,” Charlton, Kent
rU tooA iU i hviGAf tlict'liïtU nxm U t y jx J J b y - February 16, 1945 3 2 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w
KEX PRODUCTS KEXGEMENT A Stable Silica Cement derived from a Silicic Ester Research Staffs in the Electrical Industry will be interested to know that there is now available a cement that combines the properties of ioo% insulation with complete heat resistance. It consists of an inert filler with an inert binder and is free from electrolytes and thus non-corrosive. It can be diluted to give a thin wash, or used as a paste or putty. These properties have for instance found considerable application in cementing the element in electric irons, and cementing the filament of infra red lamps. There may be many other instances where
a stable silica cement—derived from a Silicic Ester— can be of considerable help. A ll enquiries will receive expert advice as to the application of Kexcement to you r problem.
Kautex Plastics Lid Elstree, Herts. Elslxee 1777
W elcom e Warmth on Chilly Nights
The problem of warming the upper rooms of a house is only satisfactorily solved by central heating. Not every house is suited nor do conditions allow a full central heating plant. Electric Vectairs can be quickly and easily installed and if correctly sized and positioned, will maintain a constant warm air circulation at a desired temperature in a manner equal to that of a central heating installation. Because ELECTRIC of the warm air * movement, diffusion of the warmth is very rapid. The Thermostatic control ensures saving of electric current and, therefore, of fuel. Vectair 0 Send for Brochure EV/6 % Convection BRITISH TRANE Co. Ltd. Vectair House, 52 Clerkenwell Close, London, E.C. I. Tel.: Clerkenwell 6864 & 3826 Heating February 16, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 33 FOR Uninterrupted SERVICE
USE ERSKINE HEAP SWITCHGEAR AND STARTING GEAR t o obtain lowest maintenance over the longest time . .
to ensure modernity of design
t o have all the advantages of dealing with SPECIALISTS
THE SYMBOL OF RELIABILITY ERSKINE, Hr/UM'T' Head Office: c . , London Office: GRAND BUILDINGS. BROUGHTON. MANCHESTER 7. ¿W ltC llgear TRAFALGAR SQUARE, W.C.2 Phone : DEAnsgate 4561 (4 lines). Phone: ABBey 2748-9 Grams Electron.” Manchester. tJpcc IU.11.» LS G ram s: " Erskineap, Phone. London.” BRANCH OFFICES AND AGENCIES IN ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD EH .436 E l e c t r i c a l R e m e w
W ITH the lifting of the black out ban the solving of the problem of controlled street light ing is an urgent necessity. The Sordoviso system provides the answer, and can be adapted as a centralized remote or auto Alklum batteries last, and last, and matic control for all forms of street last. Because of their steel construc lighting. tion and unique characteristics they Our technical engineers are are practically indestructible, and available to work out or advise provide constant and reliable power on your particular problems. The Sordoviso system is sim plicity itself — once installed no ALKLUM attention or adjustment whatever is required. STEEL BATTERIES May we send you further particulars. for SWITCH CLOS INC AMD TRIPPING EMERGENCY LIGHTING • SIGNAL OPERATION REMOTE AND SUPERVISORY CONTROL SORDOVISO SWITCHGEAR LTD. and many other similar purposes Falcon Works, Loughborough LOUGHBOROUGH 3131 MADE BY BRITANNIA BATTERIES LIMITED 44 Victoria Street, London, S.W .I.
A35 44 * CRomPTonpRRKinson LIMITED
EMBANKMENT, LONDON W.C.2 February 1 6 , 1 9 4 5 3 6 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w
Sir— please sir! the unit of simplicity is the Hew ittic Rectifier. It is the simplest of all rectifier units and being the simplest, is the most reliable. Also, being a unit conveniently shaped and handled, it can be formed into a compact bank with other Hewittic units to give any desired capacity and to fit into ex isting buildings and awkward sites. And once installed, Sir, it simply carries on, unattended, even with the largest installations.
★ VENT-AXIA The ideal con for better verting plant for unattended Air Conditions substations.
VENT-AXIA LTD. 9 VICTORIA STREET, LONDO: AND AT GLASGOW & MANCHESTER HEWITTIC ELECTRIC (0. LTD. WALTON-ON-THAMES, SURREY Telephone: Telegrams: Walton-on-Thames760(8lines) ''Hewittic,Walton-on-Thames” February 16, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 3 7
• • the muscles of his brawny arms
NE of the grave disadvantages of Desoutter Tools is that they
O don’t develop a boy’s muscles. The heart of many a growing
lad leaps to hear that he will be allowed to use a Power Drill. In
his mind he sees those brawny lumps of humanity boring their way
through massive chunks of concrete, their great muscles
rippling and shuddering from wrist to neck and all down
the back and front. He sees himself the pride and envy of
his pals. He sees great cricket balls appearing all over his
arms. But Desoutter brings disillusion. He can handle a
Desoutter all day and every day for months on end, but
the old bicep still looks like a very small grey mouse.
»Specialists in Lightweight, Pneumatic & Electric Portable Tools. DESOUTTIR
Desoutter Bros. Ltd. (Dept. R ), The Hyde, Hendon, London, N.W.9. * Telephone: Colindale 6346-7-8-9 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w February 1 6 , 1 9 4 5
“ T A N G E N T ” TELEPH O N ES are installed throughout the country In Government and Corporation Departments, Hospitals, Hotels, Cinemas, Offices, Factories, Mines, • etc. Although our war-time activities limit their installation to priority require ments, we look forward to the time
© A N G E N © when we can satisfy the demand for them.
-TANCENT" Fnducti Indedt
SOUND SIGNALS LUMINOUS CALL SYSTEMS • STAFF LOCATORS • MINING SIGNALS FIRE, BURGLAR AND BANK RAID ALARMS • TELEPHONES INTERPHONES • WATCHMAN'S CLOCKS • ELECTRIC IMPULSE CLOCKS AND SYNCHRONOUS CLOCKS • STRIKING. CHIMING AND TOLLING MECHANISM G e n t s I LIQUID-LEVEL INDICATING. RECORDING AND ALARM APPARATUS LEICESTER IDLE MACHINE AND OUTPUT RECORDERS SPECIAL APPARATUS E S T A e 1872 y ■ c GENT & CO. LTD. Faraday Works. LEIC E S T E R LONDON NIWCASTLE-ON-TTN6 * GLASGOW ' BELFAST • DUBLIN
m m * £ PLUGS AND SOCKETS 5-amp, 250-volt, 3-pole couplings
i
N643 A. NiSI A.—Cast Terminal Iron Through Socket and Socket screwed Cover screwed i* conduit. i" conduit. SIM MON DS Er STOKES LTD. Victoria House.Southampton Row, London, W.C.I. Holborn 8637& 2I63 February 16, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 3 9
d\CATlp^
______—SIRENS BEFORE OUR EYES AND THE ALLIED FORCES FORGE AHEAD. REMEMBER THAT THE PLANES, THE GUNS, THE Heed. TfadeMark No's, 566M5-6-7
X -, ; ' -
MEMBERS OF THE CABLE MAKERS’ ASSOCIATION Crompton Parkinson W . T. Henley’s Tele The London Electric St. Helens Cable A The Anchor Cable Co. Rubber Co. Ltd. Ltd. Ltd. (Derby Cables Ltd.) g raph W orks Co. Ltd. W ire Co. and Smiths Ltd. British Insulated Cables The Enfield Cable Johnson A Phillips Ltd The Macintosh Cable Siemens Brothers A Ltd. Co. Ltd. (Siemens W orks Ltd. Co. Ltd. The India Rubber, Electric Lamps and Callender’s Cable A The Metropolitan Construction Co. Ltd. Edison Swan Cables Ltd. Gutta-Percha A Tele Supplies Ltd.) graph W orks Co. Ltd. Electric Cable A Connollys (Blackley) W . T. Glover A Co. Ltd. (The Silvertown Co.) C onstruction Co. Ltd. Standard Telephone Ltd. Pirelli-General Cable A Cables Ltd. The Craigpark Electric Greengate A Irwell Liverpool Electric Cable Works Ltd. (General Cable Co. Ltd. Rubber Co. Ltd. Co. Ltd. Electric Co. Ltd.) Union Cable Co. Ltd. Advt of the Cable Makers’ Association. High Holborn House. 52-54 High Holborn, London. W .C . I. ’Phone Holborn 7633 4 0 E lectrical Review February 1 6 , 1 9 4 5 MICRO-LATHES MODERN SMALL PRECISION BENCH LATHES
for WATCH,CLOCK AND INSTRUMENT WORK METER TEST ROOM AND REPAIR WORK ETC. We are always ready to advise upon the adaptation of Pultra Lathes to meet special requirements. W rite for Catalogue CA4.
Micro-Capstan Lathe Model HU 42 PULTRA LTD. 24 G RAV EL LAN E Centre Height: 50 mm. Spindle Bore. 10 mm. Speed Range: 400 r.p.m. to 6.000 r.p.m. for motorised model. S A L F O R D 3 British Made to highest International Standards MANCH ESTER MANY ACCESSORIES AVAILABLE Phone. BLA 9t8L
FLASH TEST—Wylex mouldings satisfy a flash test of 2,000 volts between “ Live ” and “ Earth.” This is a test to which W ylex elec trical accessories are subjected, establishing their extreme margin of safety.
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OfcUROE H. SCHOLES & ,CO. LTD. WYLEX WORKS, WYTHENSHAWE, MANCHESTER. Tel: Wythenshawe 2251/2 Grams: “ Kilowatt,” Manchester. February 16, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 41 4 2 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w February 1 6 , 1 9 4 5
t o 11 n n /1 n ' /' rrf tf ,r Q' iLDfflmnrs-iupi KI PPL AY So£oe/> ~tA&, p*U >{f& e 4 r i ‘
From black-out to dim-out, and soon to be ‘ lights-up.’ The lifting of the black-out in many parts of the country is an omen of happier days to come. No longer will the old lamplighter so frequently plod his way down the streets, however, for here is the modern lamplighter— the Ripplay Switch— operated from one central point. The METROVICK RIPPLAY CENTRALIZED C O N T R O L will be in great demand by the Supply Authorities.
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GH/501 IMPROVE YOUR LIGHTING in consultation with METROVICKS ILLUMINATING EN GIN EERS E lectrical R eview Managing Editor : Hugh S. Pocock, M.I.E.E. February 1 6 , I 945 Technical Editor : Commercial Editor C. O. Brettelle, M.I.E.E. J. H. Cosens Contents: Page Contents continued :— Page Editorial.—Power Plant Shortaee . 223 Protective Gear. By J. H. M Sykes 245 Works Transport 225 and R. S. Oliver Overhead Lines . 228 Eire’s Electricity Scheme 247 The Grid and the War 229 Forthcoming Events 248 Wartime Extensions . 231 Motor Starters . 249 Views on the News 232 Highland Water Power 250 Correspondence 233 Electricity Supply 251 Electrical Research 235 Financial Section 252 New Books , 238 New Patents 257 Personal and Social 239 Contract Information . 258 Commerce and Industry 241 Classified Advertisements 67 Standard Cookers 244 Index to Advertisers 76
EDITORIAL, ADVERTISING & PUBLISHING OFFICES : Dorset House, Stamford St., London, S.E.I Telegraphic Address : ” Ageekay, Sedist, London.” Code : ABC. Telephone No. : Waterloo 3333 (35 lines). Registered at G.P.O. as a Newspaper and Canadian Magazine rate of postage. Entered as Second Class Matter at the New York, U.S.A., Post Office. Annual Subscription, Post free : British Isles, £2 7s. 8d. ; Canada, £2 3s. 4d. ; Elsewhere, £2 5s. 6d. Cheques and Postal Orders (on Chief Office, London) to be made payable to ELECTRICAL REVIEW LTD., and crossed “ Lloyds Bank.”
Womans Work in War -Time ■ ThcW.L A It's a grand job of work
she’s doing. Helping to create bumper harvests. Later on she’ll want, and deserve, a home on labour-saving lines —including a Burco, of course.
Eoilers can be supplied for do m estic laundering purposes against Board of Trade Licences.
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Berrys products have proved their quality . They will do so again in the homes of the world at peace.
FIRES • FITTINGS • SWITCHGEA! WATER HEATERS ...... >
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Comparison with the homely pin shows how minute is the i mm “ SANW EST ” jewel . . . but how vital is the part which these instru ment bearings have played since the day when other sources of supply were suddenly cut off. “ SA N W E ST ” jewels, in their i mm., i \ mm. or 2 mm. sizes, are meeting the bearing needs of all types of instruments having “ V ” U P type jewels with conspicuous success.
SAIN INSTRUM E N 1 E A R I N G S POLITECHNIKI] E lectrical R eview THE OLDEST ELECTRICAL PAPER ESTABLISHED 1872
Vol. CXXXVI. No. 3508. FEBRU ARY 16, 1945 9d. W EEK LY
Power Plant Shortage Central Board Absolved from Blame
UR1NG these war years our readers responsible for co-ordinating generation » have been kept informed, so far as and devising programmes of plant ex national safety allowed, of the hazards tensions. The reports show that the Board under which the supply of electricity has did its duty in persistently urging on the been kept going. Latterly it has become Government the serious consequences permissible to describe and illustrate which rrtight ensue from refusals of manu damage to power stations through enemy facturing priorities and that it was bombing. Vivid as are such indications specifically absolved from responsibility of severity of operating conditions, a truer for any such consequences. The Ministry perspective of the position as a whole is of Production, which alone is competent to obtained by recalling their almost negligible judge between the claims of the various effect on output. More troubles have war services on the limited resources of resulted from defence measures and in labour and materials, acting with the full comparably more from the use of coal of knowledge of the difficulties that its attitude varying unsuitability (not, as yet, from might create after the cessation of hos actual coal shortage) and from lack of tilities, decided that the risk had to be adequate labour for maintenance. taken. Such factors, however, do not lie at the root of the trouble. Even before this Modifications in Methods winter’s cold spell added about 800,000 kW The national policy of subordinating all to the morning peak and—in order to else to winning the war had, of course, avoid widespread curtailment of electricity been observed by the Board itself in the supplies—necessitated subjecting some con modifications which it introduced in sumers to the discomfort of being tem operating practice with a view to insuring porarily cut off, the impression had been against any locality being deprived of gaining ground of a serious deficiency in electricity and against any delay in afford available generating-plant capacity. This ing supplies to munition factories. This impression is confirmed by perusal of the being so, its ability to make ends more annual reports of the Central Electricity than meet financially and to secure an Board for 1940 to 1943, particulars of average power-station thermal efficiency which are gifen in this issue. near the pre-war figure may be regarded almost as an uncovenanted bonus. Ministry of Supply Decides After the war there will still be many It is highly important that the public conflicting claims on the national resources should realise the causes of the inadequacy, of material and labour for the manufacture if it is to retain its confidence in the of diverse classes of goods. The requisite reliability of electricity supply—a con output of these will be obtained only if, fidence that depends largely upon the first of all, electricity supply plant is foresight shown by the authority adequate to provide all the power required 2 2 4 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w February 16, 1945 for industry and also for feeding and warm T h e three new stations ing the homes of those who work in the Perthshire projected by the North of factories. It will be no longer a matter of Water Power Scotland Hydro-Electric calling upon the electricity supply in Board (referred to on dustry for a supreme effort during a another page) will probably, on the data relatively limited period. The supreme given and allowing a margin of spare effort has been made and it has led to capacity, operate at a load factor not progressive deterioration of plant, an exceeding 30 per cent. Assuming the small appreciable proportion of which is already associated scheme at Gairloch to involve a obsolescent and calls for replacement. greater proportionate capital expenditure It follows, therefore, that—subject to the per kW, the maximum figure for the overriding claim of the armed forces— Garry-Tummel project may be taken at priority should be given to the construction £40 per kW. Overall costs, at 6 per cent, of generating plant. on capital, should be less than 0-25d. per kWh, equivalent to 8 per cent, for a T h e relevance o f in- modern steam station costing £30 per kW, Scientific vestigations in our branch leaving coal to be paid for in addition. Linkage of science to those in D i s c u s s io n s o n the another having little Rubber probable post-war rubber obvious connection with it receives apt Prospects situation are of the first illustration in the E.R.A. Report for last importance to the elec year, reviewed in this issue. The behaviour trical industry which has had to do without of insulating materials under high or employ substitutes to a great extent mechanical stress at working temperatures during the war. In 1943 imports of rubber had not previously received the attention amounted to nearly 78,000 tons, against its importance warranted, and the subject 203,000 tons in 1940. The British, Dutch is far removed from the creep of steels at and American groups in Washington high temperatures, which has been a dealing with the subject have stated that dominant factor in limiting the tempera the production of natural rubber in the ture of steam in electric power stations. Pacific area will probably be at the rate Nevertheless ideas similar to those that are o f 1 \ million tons annually within three or proving successful in the latter case are four years of the eviction of the Japanese being applied to dielectrics with promise of and world demand is not expected to good results. exceed this figure. This raises the problem In their joint memoran- of synthetic rubber, mainly American. Either dum entitled “ Temporary T h e world output of or Both ? Accommodation ” the Production of synthetic rubber is said to Ministries of Health and Synthetic be in the neighbourhood Works stipulated that in temporary dwel of lj million tons. A lings the cookers and washboilers should be reversion to the use of natural rubber served by the same supply and that all would thus apparently render this super houses on one site must have either gas or fluous to requirements. It seems unlikely electricity for these purposes', individual that the cost of production generally can variations could not be allowed. As we be reduced to the price of the natural pointed out at the time, all this is most product, although some plants are claimed indefinite. Some housing authorities have to have got down to a more or less interpreted it as meaning that only gas or “ economic ” figure. Just before the war electricity could be provided to the houses: rubber (Para fine) was selling at about 7£d. this view is the sensible one. Why make per lb. A probable post-war figure which conditions regarding the cookers and wash- has been quoted is Is. per lb. American boilers if there is to be a free hand with consumers will probably prefer to revert to regard to lighting and refrigerators ? natural rubber, but it is very unlikely that It was stated in a letter from the local gas the United States Government will be pre company to York City Council last week pared to close and write off the synthetic that an amended circular on the subject plants. The best suggestion so far has-been was to be issued. We have not seen this yet that the plants should be kept dorm ant but but are most anxious to know how the in a state of preparedness against possible Departments straighten out their ambiguity. emergencies. February 16, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 2 2 5
lYorks Tran*|»oi'i Battery Vehicles in a Large Factory
UR1NG a recent visit to a large factory of 240 Ah at the five-hour rate of discharge. employed in the manufacture of The battery container is of heavy-steel and » explosive material we saw how efficientlywelded construction, with a suitable lift-off the use of electric trucks and tractors has cover and handling lugs, and it is fitted with overcome the many difficulties associated an ampere-hour meter and a 150-A charging with the transport of explosives in their socket. A padlock prevents inadvertent with various stages of production between widely drawal of the plug. dispersed process buildings and departments. The electrical arrangements are similar on The three types of vehicles in service, namely, all three types of trucks, except for the size one- and two-ton platform trucks, and a of the motor and its associated control two-ton tractor, are shown in the illustration equipm ent. The one-ton truck has a 1-7- at the top of the page. All are B.E.V. HP motor, the two-ton truck a 5-HP driving vehicles supplied by Wingrove & Rogers, equipm ent, and the tw o-ton tractor a 4-E1P Ltd., and they are of similar design and motor. The motor in each case is of J. El. construction, except for size. The two-ton Holmes make, and is carried under the truck has a load platform measuring 8 ft. vehicle body just in front of the “ back ” long and 3 ft. 6 in. wide, while the top axle, with its nose suspended on torque surface of the platform is 2 ft. above ground level. The construction throughout is massive and the bodies are built up on channel- iron frameworks with sheet-steel walls and platforms, etc. The vehicles are all rever sible and the driving step, which is about 6 in. above ground level, is at one end immediately “ behind ” the control equipment, and the battery con tainer which is carried on the platform. Tiller steering is employed and the steering trans mission is to both of the wheels at the “ back-wheel ” driving end. All four wheels charging supply machines are two 750-A, 60-V DC m.g. sets ; are rubber tyred. Two DC distribution■it is by simple open»type switchboard flashtight headlamps and a similar rear lamp are carried by each reaction springs. It is of flameproof con vehicle. struction and is a 40-V DC series traction- The battery in each case is an “ Exide ” type unit with a short-period overload ironclad 22-cell equipment with a capacity capacity of 300 per cent. Ball bearings are 226 Electrical Review February 1 6 , 1 9 4 5
fitted. The motor speed in the case of the 5-H P unit is 875 RPM and transmission is through a single reduction worm gear ing and a differential gearing to impart to the vehicle an average high speed of 5 i miles
The central rack accom modates 22 charging-re- sistance units with t.r.s. trailing cable connections to the batteries beneath
per hour on a level run. The whole of the transmission equip ment operates in an oil retaining case. The motor is served by a reversing drum- type controller which gives three speeds in each direction with series-parallel control. The controller re- tactor circuit, so that current is supplied sistance is mounted under the chassis. The to the motor only when the foot pedal is controller alone is hand operated for normal depressed, i.e., when the link-operated working, but there is an emergency foot-pedal switch is “ on.” In overall control of the operated brake fitted on the transmission motor circuit is a s.p. hand resetting overload drum between the motor and the differential circuit-breaker. gear on the back axle. This foot brake is Most of the vehicles are employed on general-service exterior work, and for the care and maintenance of these there are throughout the factory four combined garages and charging stations, each serving thirty vehicles. Each charg ing station proper has
Small charging racks serve individual cells and lamp batteries ; running mains and distilled water are a v a ila b le
two rooms, one housing the machinery supplying the charging current and the other the batteries while on charge, with the necessary handling and distribution equip ment. The charging supply machines are automatically “ on ” when the “ dead man’s ” two motor-generator sets, each consisting foot pedal is “ up,” i.e., when the driver is of a 67-J-HP s.r. motor, with direct stator not in the normal operating position. There switching and rotor-resistance control is a link between the foot pedal and a switch directly coupled to a 750-A, 60-V DC gene in the controller which completes the con- rator. A simple open-type, air-break Statter February 16, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 227 switchboard in the machine room serves steam pipes fitted round the interior surfaces for the main DC distribution, and this is of the walls. equipped with 1,000-A air-break incoming Over each line of batteries in the charging switches fitted with overload and reverse- room is a one-ton hand-operated hoist and current protection devices. runway for lifting the batteries to and from The outgoing circuits are controlled by the trucks and the battery charging platform, knife switches; there are directly connected while at the entrance to the garage is a to stout copper busbars which are con Tecalemit air-hydraulic hoist which serves tinued through the partition wall to the for raising the vehicles for examination and charging room where the two bars for each greasing purposes. This 3J-ton hoist is circuit are suspended from the concrete served by a single-stage air compressor roof and run almost throughout the length which provides air for operating the hydraulic of the room imme diately above a central main battery charging rack mounted on the building stanchions. The rack accommo dates 22 charging- resistance units, each of which is complete with a d.p. knife switch and an ammeter. In each case the circuit to the battery beneath is com pleted via heavy two-core t.r.s. trailing cable and a 150-A Reyrolle concentric plug and socket, the socket portion of which is integral with the battery container and has already been referred to. During charging the batteries stand on a central lift proper at 150 lb. per sq. in. The com platform, about two feet above floor level, pressor is driven by a 3-HP motor served by a which will accommodate two lines of eleven direct-on push-button controlled starter. batteries each. In one section of the factory one-ton The batteries are charged on the constant- trucks are used for materials handling on potential method, the generators being internal “ clean floors ” only, so that special regulated to provide a voltage of 57 at the charging arrangements have had to be busbars. Changing takes place in each case provided for the vehicles of the batteries. at a rate (current) depending on the relative Charging takes place in an annexe to the voltages of the battery and the busbar, “ clean floor ” building where the layout is and as the charge progresses and the battery simple and wall-mounted Westinghouse voltage rises the charging current corre rectifier units serve the batteries, with con spondingly decreases. This method of necting and mounting arrangements similar operation permits a battery to be charged in to those in the main charging stations. seven hours, instead of the usual ten, without risk of excessive temperature increases. Accurate battery records are kept of every Smithsonian Institution charge and discharge, and boosting charges are given to individual cells, if and when HE illustrated volume of over 600 pages which constitutes the annual report of the Smith necessary, by means of a wall-mounted Tsonian Institution in Washington, U.S.A., con small rectifier charging panel at one end of tains brief records of such of its diverse wartime the charging room. Two smaller charging activities as may be mentioned. The inter racks serve, respectively, the batteries of national exchange service of governmental and flashtight portable hand lamps and the scientific publications involved the handling of Ceag “ Jellac ” type batteries of flame 573,460 packages during the year ended June, proof lighting fittings used for secondary 1943, although the war prevented shipments to many foreign countries. The library, which lighting in certain explosives-handling build contains 907,645 items, continued to be used ings. Running mains water is available almost entirely for war purposes. The purpose for washing cells and distilled water for of the articles in the general appendix (of 500 “ topping up ” is provided by a steam-heated pages) to the report is to fYirnish short accounts still. The building is heated by high-level of discovery in particular branches of science. 228 Electrical Review February 16, 1945 Overhead Lines Operating Experiences in Yorkshire HE operation and maintenance as well both for indoor and outdoor use, the clear T as testing of overhead power lines and ances of from 2 to 5 inches between live associated outdoor substation equipment on metal and the tank or cover were insufficient AC systems are commented upon in a paper for connection to overhead line systems. by M e s s r s . R. C. H a t t o n and J. M c C o m b e In view of the danger of explosion inside the (Yorkshire Electric Power Co.) submitted tanks, the clearances were enlarged by means to the Transmission Section of the Institution of long-shank bushings and good results of Electrical Engineers on Wednesday. have since been obtained. It was thought The authors detail experience gained in that the greater clearance might result in their area of 3,000 sq. miles, comprising added insulation failures, so a duplex both transmission and distribution networks lightning arrestor with twin spark gaps was operating at 66, 33 and 11 kV down to developed. 400/230 V with overhead line routes ranging The number of inter-turn failures in trans up to 1,500 ft. above sea level. They indicate formers has been high (14 per cent.) but it is suitable intervals for maintenance work and believed that lightning contributed to the emphasise the fundamental importance of puncturing of the insulation, which sub providing adequate transport and com sequently failed. munication facilities, of carefully selecting well-trained staff to be situated at strategic Reducing Maintenance Costs points, of centralising the control of all The authors’ recommendations for mini operations and of enforcing the strict mising maintenance costs include the observance of a suitable code of safety avoidance of exposed high ground when regulations. choosing overhead line routes; otherwise span lengths must be kept short. Overhead Protection Against Lightning lines of 66 kV and over should not be taken Means are described of counteracting into areas of polluted atmosphere ; they should faults, which have been carefully recorded be terminated and the distributors extended and analysed, the predominance of failures outward to meet the transmission line. The due to lightning being emphasised. Some extra cost involved may well be more than 47 per cent, of the total overhead-line faults counterbalanced by the saving on insulator in the ten-year period ended in 1943 were washing, which is a costly and inconvenient caused by lightning. Unless overhead item o f m aintenance. earthing wires are correctly placed at the Copper conductors are recommended for requisite height above the conductors their all lines up to and including 66 kV at altitudes protective utility will be negligible. Most not exceeding 800 ft. above sea level with types of power line need two overhead spans of less than 500 ft. Horizontal spacing earthing wires to afford complete protection, is preferable wherever practicable. Gal which complicates construction and greatly vanising is considered by the authors to be increases the number of supports required well worth while as the cost of painting and the cost of erection. The authors doubt transmission line supports is very high and whether on the whole such additional cost it is often inconvenient to switch the lines is warranted. out for painting. There seems to be little hope of reducing Routine inspection and testing are usually the incidence of line faults due to wind. essential in the case of insulating materials Snow and ice have caused roughly 16 per cent, used on high-voltage lines, although too of the total faults on overhead lines; they much attention can be given to them. It is have occurred principally on routes at often found to be good practice to renew altitudes of over 800 ft. above sea level. doubtful conductor and insulators rather The authors believe that the disposition and than continue to spend money on maintaining spacing of conductors as well as the span them . length have an important bearing on circuit outages due to snow and ice, but no scientific information on the subject was available Instrument Making and Horology until a few years ago. HE next school year of the Northampton During the ten-year period ended in 1938 T Polytechnic Junior Technical School for In some 1,692 transformers were installed of strument Making and Horology commences on capacities ranging up to 1,000 kVA. It is April 9th, at premises in Fishpool Street, St. Albans, to which the school has been evacuated. noteworthy that 70 per cent, of the trans Admission is free but is conditional upon pupils former faults were caused by flashover above passing the entrance examination which is beine the oil level during lightning periods. In held on March 12th at St. Albans and at the some of the earlier 11-kV transformers, Polytechnic in London. February 16, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 2 2 9 Tlie Grid and tlie War Central Board’s Reports for 1940-43
OLLOWING the recent censorship whole by the autumn of 1948; the greater relaxations the annual reports and part of the programme was approved on the F accounts of the Central Electricity Board forunderstanding that while the undertakings 1940 to 1943 have now been released for concerned might place orders, pending the publication (Whitehead Morris, Ltd., Is. cessation of hostilities against Germany, each). During the four years some 670 miles manufacture should not begin without further of lines (many of them erected especially to consent. In that programme it was assumed meet war requirements) were added to the that the useful age of 2,000,000 kW of plant grid so that at the end of 1943 the aggregate could be safely extended from twenty to mileage had reached 5,099, of which 3,585 twenty-five years. The extended age will be was operated at 132 kV. The number of reached by 347,000 kW before the end of switching and transforming stations was in 1947 and by 281,000 kW before the end creased by 37 to a total of 344 with a capacity of 1948. of 13,058,750 kVA. By the addition of Little Barford Station*1) Great Rise in Load Factor and three new stations*2' and by the selection Several factors have affected grid operation, of the Buccleuch station of Barrow-in-Furness such as a departure from the policy of con Corporation, the number of selected stations centrating generation in the most economical became 142, containing 10,984,656 kW of stations and the keeping of more generating generating plant. There were also 40 non plant in readiness to secure continuity of selected stations under the control of the supply in emergency. Board. The output from public supply Also black-out and systems rose from 26,400 million kWh in 1939 longer working hours to 37,000 million in 1943 and of the latter have resulted in a more amount 98-65 per cent, was produced at constant demand stations generating for the Board. Of the throughout the day, so 558 distributing undertakings in the country that the pre-war load (excluding North Scotland), 224 were supplied factor on the grid directly by the Board and 307 indirectly via system of 36 per cent, other undertakings. rose to 50 per cent, in 1942 and was 48 per Reasons for Plant Shortage cent, in 1943. Con The Reports disclose how the extensive tinuance of summer programmes of the Board both for the grid Mr. Harold Hobson, ^ “ * e W1fn t e f and its substations and also for generating Chairm an of the Board the black-Ollt Caused plant capacity have been hampered by the peak, which had shortage of labour and materials and by the normally lasted for about an hour during policy of the Government’s Production evenings a fortnight before Christmas, to be Executive not to grant priorities unless transferred to the mornings, when it was necessary for war purposes. As early as extended over several hours during three or 1941, the Board impressed upon the Govern four winter months.*3' Moreover, summer ment the danger of a national shortage of demands were about three-quarters of those generating plant in the immediate post-war in the winters, adding to the difficulties of years and was informed by the Production routine overhauling. Executive that it would not be held responsible The need to run for many hours plant that for non-availability of plant in the first year normally would have been used only to meet or two after the termination of hostilities as a short peaks reduced considerably the period result of absence of such priorities. available for maintenance and insufficient In the following year a substantial pro labour was available for this work. Also the gramme of new plant for the autumn of 1945 inferior and variable quality of coal reduced was submitted, but only about qne-third was the effective capacity and efficiency of boilers. allowed by the Ministry of Production. The combined result was to lower the During 1943, the Board put forward a average thermal efficiency of stations in 1941 programme to meet the situation if the war and 1942 by some 3 per cent, below the 1939 ended in the autumn of 1944, some of which figure, thus substantially increasing the would be required for service in 1947 and the quantity of coal consumed. During 1943,
( 1 1 Beds., Cambs. & Hunts. Electricity Co., E lectrical (.3) A ggregate m axim um dem ands on generating stations R eview , Jan. 19th, 1945. in recent calendar years have been as follows:—1942 (2) Castle Meads (Gloucester Corporation), E lectrical (Jan.), 7,489,000 kW; 1943 (Dec.), 7,970,000 kW ; 1944 R eview , Feb. 9th; Earley (C.E.B.); Lynfi(S.WalesE.P.Co.) (Dec.), 8,367,000; 1945, to date (Jan.), 8,706,000 kW. 230 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w February 1 6 , 1 9 4 5 however, partly as the effect of new generating trespassers because within twenty-one days plant, 400,000 tons was saved compared with after the expiry of the agreement it had the previous year as under equivalent con neither removed the line nor obtained a ditions, though thermal efficiency was still compulsory wayleave for its retention. The l^per cent, below the 1939 level. Board was held not to be trespassers. The A progressive increase in plant breakdowns Court’s decision was that notice of objection seriously reduced the capacity of plant could not be served until after the termination available for service. In the winter of 1942- of the agreement, that on receipt of such 1943, the proportion out of commission due to notice an undertaking should follow with all overhaul, breakdown and other causes was reasonable dispatch the procedure laid about 13 per cent, of the aggregate output down by Section 22 of the Electricity Supply capacity as compared with a pre-war average Act, 1919, for obtaining a wayleave and that, of about 6 per cent. In 1943, the per pending the decision of the Minister of centage had risen to 18-6, equivalent to Transport, the undertaking was entitled 1,857,000 kW. under Section 11 of the 1922 Act to retain the From time to time there has been grave line in position. anxiety in regard to coal stocks, especially towards the end of 1943, when consumption Revenue and Expenditure appreciably exceeded the deliveries and The Board’s accounts show that gross threatened a need for a general curtailment of receipts from sales of energy rose from nearly supplies of electricity. The Report points £38 million in 1939 to a little over £68 million out that extensions to generating plant after in 1943, partly owing to the rise in coal prices. the war must, in regard to their location, be Increased expenses resulted in the revenue influenced by national coal policy. In the balance being some £558,000 lower in 1940 absence of a Government pronouncement, no than in 1939. In the following year the long-term plan for the development of the revenue balance was increased by £837,000 in grid can be formulated. In order to minimise consequence of settlements relating to delay, however, the Board is considering accounts for earlier years, while the balance alternative plans, including the construction of the net revenue and appropriation account of transmission lines and equipment for was raised by £430,000 to £2,984,000. In v operation at higher than present voltages. both 1942 and 1943 improved load factors and expansion of munitions output enabled Technical Achievements revenue to meet all outgoings, including Among research and technical achieve interest and amortisation, and increase the ments probably the most remarkable is that, credit balances on net revenue and appro despite a substantial increase in the number priation account by approximately £874,000 of faults on the grid due chiefly to defence and £1,325,000, respectively. During the measures, the percentage of faults correctly four years capital expenditure on the grid was cleared reached 93-7 per cent, in 1943—the increased by nearly £6 million. highest standard yet obtained anywhere, As regards the Electricity (Civil Defence) we believe. Another notable development Fund, which was established to defray has been the installation of air-blast circuit expenditure on a national pool of spare breakers for 66 and 132 kV. Nitrogen-filled, equipment for war emergencies and on nitrogen-pressure and oil-filled cables for measures for securing due functioning of 132 kV in appreciable mileage lengths are public electricity supply system, the Board at functioning successfully. Cadmium copper the end of 1943 had exercised its borrowing and steel-cored copper conductors, as war powers to the amount of £2,369,000. This time substitutes for aluminium, are in fund, limited to a maximum of £6 million, is extensive and satisfactory use. Although provided half by Exchequer grants and half Petersen coils alleviated the effects of earth by money raised by the Board on the security faults on 33-kV sections of the grid, further of a levy on the electricity supply industry. installations were suspended on account of shortage of materials and labour. Reduction Portuguese Development Plan in noise of capacity-compensating reactors, surge filters and studies in associated CCORDING to a message from Lisbon to the Bank of London and South phenomena, one-unit, rod-type and glass AAmerica, the Portuguese National Assembly has insulators and transformer steels were further approved proposals for developing the pro subjects investigated under field conditions. duction and distribution of electricity for all An important judicial decision was purposes. Both hydro-electric and thermal obtained in regard to wayleaves. Under stations seem to be contemplated. For the Section 11 of the Electricity Supply Act, an generating plant credits are offered at Banco undertaking may retain a line in position after de Portugal rate of discount together with ex the termination of an agreement until notice emption from import duty covering also construction materials. Concessions will be at of objection has been served by the owner or the disposal of the State and in no case will occupier of the land. In the relevant action their duration exceed 75 years. On expiry the it was contended that the Board had become installations will revert to the State. February 1 6 , 1 945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 2 3 1 Wartime Extensions Power Plant Arrangements 1939-43
HE Central Electricity Board has sent us a January 12th, and the new stations at Little list of generating plant and boilers for Barford and Gloucester with which we have Twhich it made arrangements with authorisedrecently dealt and those at Earley and Llynfi, electricity undertakers during the five years which will be the subject of future articles. from January 1st, 1939, to December 31st, It will be seen that the total capacity of 1943. generating plant arranged for was just under Included in these arrangements are the 3,000,000 kW. Particulars of post-war exten Clarence Dock, Liverpool, extension which sions provided for by the Board were given was described in the Electrical Review of in our issue of November 24th last (p. 731).
Scheme Area Scheme Area Generators Boilers and Owners and O wners G enerators Boilers kW. lb. per hr. kW . Station Station lb. per hr.
C entral C entral S co tla n d — E ngland— K ilm arnock Ayrshire Bd. 1-30,000 3-150,000 Hams Hall Birmingham 2 -5 0 ,0 0 0 4 -3 20,000 C lyde’s M ill Clyde ValleyCo. 3 -30,000 12-100,000 2 - 3,500 Bonnybridge Scottish Central Burton Burton 2 -1 5 ,0 0 0 4 - 80,000 C o. 2- 20,000 4-120,000 Spondon Derby & N otts C o. 1-30,000 4-200,000 N .E . E ng F reem en’s land— M eadow Leicester 1-31,500 2 -175,000 D arlin gton D arlington 2- 20,000 4 -1 20,000 Avon Leicester and 2 -15,000 4 - 80,000 D u n ston \ 1-156,000 Warwick Co. K epier f North-Eastern N. Wilford Nottingham 2-30,000 4-175,000 Co. 2 -50,000 3 -375,000 Meaford N.W.M. J.E.A. 3-30,000 5 -240,000 North Tees ) 2-180,000 Stourport S.W. & S. Co. 1-60,000 1-525,000 Sunderland Sunderland 2- 20,000 3 -121,000 5,000(6) Ocker Hill W.M. J.E.A. 2 -3 0 ,0 0 0 5 -150,000 N . W . E ng Hylton Rd. Worcester 2 -1 5 ,0 0 0 3 -150,000 land & N . W ales— S .E . & E . Whitebirk Blackburn 1-30,000 6 -150,000 E ngland— 1^ 10,000 Little Beds., Cambs. Willowholme Carlisle 2-30,000 5 -150,000 Barford and Hunts Co. 2-30,000 1-300,000 1-750 Brighton Brighton 1-50,000 2-350,000 K earsley i C 1-50,000 4 -173,000 Earley C.E.B. 2 -40,000 5 -200,000 , Lancashire 1 - 1,600 Fulham Fulham 2-60,000 6-315,000 Padiham ) E.P. Co. 2 - 56,000 Cliff Quay Ipswich 2-45,000 3 -365,000 Kingston Kingston 2-30,000 3 -260,000 Lancaster Lancaster 2- 20,000 1-205,000 1 - 3,000 - Battersea \ 2 -8 0 0 1 200,000 London P. Co. 1-550,000 Clarence Dk Liverpool 1-50,000 1-250,000 W illesden f " \I-3 0 ,0 0 0 4 -1 10,000 1-1,500 2 -350,000 Peterboro’ Peterborough - 1-100,000 Stuart St. Manchester 1-60,000 Watford Watford 1,500 (6) — 1-30,000 2 -4 00,000 W est H am West Ham 1-30,000 2-180,000 1-750 4 -130,000 Woolwich Woolwich 1-30,000 2-165,000 1-25,000 1-750 1-1,500 R ibble Preston 4-3 1 ,5 0 0 4 -1 87,500 5 . W. E n g 4 -1 90,000 land & S . H artshead Stalybridge, W ales— etc., Board 1-30,000 3-150,000 Portishead Bristol 1-50,000 2-250,000 1 1,250 1 - 2,000 Stockport Stockport 1-30,000 1-300,000 Cardiff Cardiff 2-180,000(a) Trafford Stretford Bd. 1-30,000 2 -1 50,000 1-30,000 2-180,000 Warrington Warrington 3-20,000 4 -2 00,000 Castle Meads Gloucester 2-20,000 5-100,000 Llanelly Llanelly Co. 1-12,500 2-60,000 M id E a st Plym outh Plymouth 1-20,000 2-100,000 E ngland— 1-500 Valley Rd. Bradford 1-30,000 3 -180,000 U pperB oat ) I — 1-364,000 2 -22,500 S.W. E.P. Co. \ 1-30,000 1-182,000 Huddersfield Huddersfield 1- 20,000 2- 120,000 Llynfi j I 2 -30,000 2-300,000 H ull H ull 1-30,000 2-190,000 Tir John Kirkstall Leeds 2 -30,000 2-250,000 N orth Swansea 2-37,500 4-230,000 Lincoln Lincoln 2- 20,000 4 -1 20,000 M oredon Swindon 1-20,000 2-120,000 Prince of Rotherham 1-30,000 1- 2 0 0 ,0 0 0 N ew ton W ales A b bot Torquay 2 -15,000 4-100,000 Blackburn i 2 -190,000 M dw s. [ Sheffield T o t a l 2,923,700 37,419,000 N eepsend ) 1-50,000 3 -190,000 (a) Amending a previous dir Ferrybridge') 1-45,000 4 -1 50,000 ection for 2 -150,000 lbs./hr. - 300,000 Mexboro’ f Yorkshire E.P. Net additional plant for which i C o . 2 -30,000 2,923,700 37,119,000 4 -18 0 ,0 0 0 arrangements were made T h orn h ill ) 1-45,000 4-180,000 (b) Increase in capacity of an existing set 232 Electrical Review February 16 , 1 945 Views on the News Reflections on Current Topics
GAINST the advice of its Housing Com January Transatlantic. But the sting, con A mittee the Edinburgh Corporation has trary to the usual custom, is in the foreword decided that its temporary houses shall headed “ Warning to the Reader.” have gas cookers, wash boilers and refrigera Miss Riley says:—“ You are about to tors instead of being all-electric. The houses walk into an American home gleaming with are still to have electric lighting (they must tile, chromium and mirrors; filled with have of course) and so it will be necessary to electric gadgets that do everything for the lay both electricity and gas services which one housewife. . . . Before you start on your member justly termed wasteful. Another tour of inspection I must tell you one im member remarked that it was safe to say that portant thing about this fabulous house: it 70 per cent, of the householders in Edinburgh doesn't exist. If Mrs. Smith (the average preferred gas to electricity for cooking. I American housewife) . had an unlimited always wonder how people arrive at these very income and if she made a tour of our experi definite percentages. If the statement is mental laboratories and picked up a sample correct it would seem that Scotland’s capital of every new invention, it is just possible is out of step with most of its other towns. that she might be able to assemble such an * * * H. G. Wellsian dream-house. Some of us York has not yet made up its mind on this have some of these gadgets. But for 99 per subject. The Housing Committee there had cent, of us, most of this kitchen-magic recommended that electricity should be used belongs to the future.” This needed saying. throughout the city’s temporary houses, but at * * * a meeting of the City Council last week it was As a sort of footnote to the foregoing I decided to instruct the Committee “ to quote a statement by Mr. J. H. Squires, Jr., consider the matter on an equitable basis.” of the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing The decision followed a letter from the local Co., that 95 per cent, of the 32 million homes gas company which stated that the Ministry in the United States are “electrically obsolete,” of Health was issuing an amended circular by which he means that they have only on the subject. I am pleased to see that sufficient wiring to accommodate the “ basic Alderman Mrs. E. A. Crichton backed up the minimum of present electrical needs.” Why proposal that the houses should be all should we hang our heads when the American electric—truly an admirable Crichton. home is mentioned? * * * In a long letter to the Daily Telegraph * * * last week Sir Leonard Hill suggested that A good story reaches me from Mr. A. G. local authorities were taking a serious step Connell, the Halifax borough electrical in deciding to make their post-war temporary engineer. He recently acted as question master houses all-electric. The chief reason he gave of a “ brains trust ” arranged for the benefit was that the electricity supply industry of local troops. Somebody asked whether might not be able to meet the load. electricity originated at the positive or Replying to the letter Mr. Clarence Parker, negative pole. The questioner explained that chairman of E.D.A., pointed out that the during his training in the Corps of Signals he present shortage was the result of the nation’s was told the negative pole, but upon being war programme and he assured “ the public posted to his unit he was instructed that the and those local authorities whose decisions reverse was the case. Some argument ensued Sir Leonard Hill seeks to anticipate and per but the matter was put beyond doubt by the haps influence ” that his fears were entirely posting of a notice by the O.C. stating that without foundation. The numbers of gas and in future in that unit electricity would electric cookers in use quoted by Sir Leonard originate at the positive pole. were, I was pleased to see, put in their right * * * perspective by Mr. Parker who showed that in 1939 the number of electric cookers was From the United States comes the news increasing at the rate of nearly 1,000 a day. that some of the leading steel manu * * * facturers are experimenting with the pro- duction of extremely fine stainless steel Somewhat exaggerated ideas (encouraged thread which, it is suggested, will be suitable by the cinema) of the equipment of the lor the weaving of ladies’ hosiery Will a American home are held in this country. British manufacturer be first to evolve a small Of course, many excellent appliances and home welder for repairing the new form of arrangements have been produced and some stocking ? I suppose that a seam welder is the of these are described by Kay Riley in the type required. February 1 6 , 1 945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 2 3 3
CORRESPONDENCE Letters should bear the writers’ names and addresses, not necessarily for publication. Responsibility cannot be accepted for correspondents' opinions. Crane Hoist Motors The last two conditions seem to be im proving with the passage of time. Modern WN his article in your issue of February 2nd, gearing with its total enclosure and oil ■*- Mr. R. S. Bennett does not substantiate turbulence is not so free as the old-fashioned his arguments in favour of compound-wound open drives, and the modern motor tends to motors in any of his curves. These only greater saturation. The article mentions that show the characteristics of the two types of many hoists are over-motored; this is quite motors between light and full load and true but of equal importance and influence different results are obtained when a crane is is the very general use of 60-minute rated lowering, say, full load. In this case, as soon motors, needlessly. There are few crane as the controller is moved over to the first duties which require this rating for the hoist notch when lowering, the solenoid brake will motor; 30-minute is adequate for all except lift and a compound or series motor will duty-cycle jobs which should receive indi race away. This speed may well be beyond vidual attention. Owing to less saturation the safe “ banding ” limit of the motor and the 60-minute motor tends to overspeed more will be determ ined not by the shunt lim iting readily than the 30-minute and many cranes winding but by the balancing of the various would be well equipped with 15-minute rated mechanical losses against the energy released hoist motors. If 60-minute rated motors are by the load falling under gravity. The final specified by a user, perhaps for standardisa speed then on this and the earlier notches of tion, a good solution is to use one of the the controller will be determined by the type standard sizes and windings but geared and of gearing and general efficiency of the crane. powered at its 30-minute rating. In these circumstances the speed would only It is not possible to do justice to this be finally checked to any degree by moving subject in brief, but one conclusion to be the controller rapidly to the “ full-on ” notch mentioned in opposition to Mr. Bennett’s and at the same time cutting out the series article is that as most crane hoist motors are turns of the motor, so that it can regenerate still series wound and deservedly popular to some extent on to the mains at about the there is no need for the change which he shunt limiting maximum. The only way to recommends. Also armatures damaged by check the speed when lowering full load would overspeed occur mostly on old cranes with be by a mechanical brake of some form such plain-reversing control and no load brake as centrifugal, Weston type, or foot brake. and it is hard to find a genuine case of this As many armatures are damaged by damage taking place during hoisting; con excessive speeds when hoisting a light hook, sequently the second conclusion can be drawn the best plan would be to provide a shunt that the series motor has so many advantages limiting winding in the hoist direction but to that it should continue in favour, and the cut this out in the lowering direction, using a odd cases of overspeed during hoisting controller which provides dynamic breaking should be dealt with by one of such well- by the potentiometer method, which, without known methods as a permanent divertor or any additional apparatus, provides perfect overspeed governor, the latter providing control of the speeds in lowering any load either electrical or mechanical limitation. from “ creeping ” up to a safe maximum. The curves in the article would be under E x p e r ie n c e . stood more easily if they were all drawn upon a percentage basis, as Fig. 1. HE matters discussed in Mr. R. S. Glasgow. R i c h a r d A. W e s t. T Bennett’s article have received a great deal of attention over nearly half a century Educational Opportunities and the conclusion is not that stated in his last paragraph. Various views are held: the ■7ROM the correspondence under the type of crane, type and rating of motor, above heading, disillusions regarding hoisting speed compared with maximum the value of the Higher National Certificate distance lifted, all have their influence in and Graduate qualifications seem wide preventing a rigid outlook. Moreover, there spread. are so many conditions of which some must be When I left school, prospective employers present to permit of overspeed during hoist found it convenient to require a “ School ing: (lowering speeds are always restricted Certificate ” or “ Matriculation,” without to a safe value on a well designed modern always being aware of the class of study crane). The hoisting distance must be great involved. It now appears that, as we progress compared with the rated speed, the block in engineering, the qualification of the Higher light compared with full load, the gearing National Certificate is required by future very free, the motor unsaturated. employers or heads of departments, many of 234 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w February 1 6 , 1 9 4 5 whom have had little technical education to an individual consumer for an increase in and are, again, unaware of the syllabus load only. One of the difficulties, if Mr. covered or the technical nature of study. Ferns’ proposals were adopted, would be It does not seem worth while to attend explaining to a manufacturer how it came evening classes three times each week for five about that he was given a bonus for increasing or six years with your employer’s approval, the load in his house but penalised for a only to be told at the end “ We have no similar increase at his factory. technical work for you, therefore we cannot Like Mr. Ferns, I respect the efforts of pay you more; neither will we allow you to John Hopkinson and other stalwarts, but leave because the Essential Work Orders these stalwarts sometimes have a habit of put you in our power.” The last is, of course, sticking to old ideas, which were sound at one a war measure, but in any case these young time, but cannot be applied universally to men should have fair play. day. If Mr. Ferns can convert to his way H ig h e r N a t io n a l . of thinking those who still believe in making a charge in proportion to the demand of a I.E.E. Graduates’ Position domestic consumer, then I will lift my hat to •¡■THEN I contemplated applying for a him and withdraw my remark about grand transfer to associate membership I was father. B. C row sley, a.m.i.e.e. quickly and definitely told by my chief that Welwyn Garden City. my position was such that he could not Electric v. Gas Vegetable Boilers support my application. Since then, in the ECENTLY in connection with the equip- Foreword to the I.E.E. Journal for March, RE 1943, an appeal has been made to senior f ment of a modem canteen, it was found members of the Institution to encourage the necessary to make inquiries for vegetable younger men who have attained graduate boilers. Whilst there is available gas-heated status. From the recent correspondence, it apparatus o f the m ost up-to-date, well would appear that this appeal has fallen on finished and appropriate type, manufacturers barren ground. do not appear to be able to offer electrically- Still, I do not suppose that your other heated boilers which can compete with these graduate correspondents are in the position of in any respect. This was confirmed by one having to take some of their instructions from manufacturer, who was prepared to admit a clerk, who, in the absence of the depart that in this particular field gas had them beaten. mental superintendent, is to all intents and purposes considered by the management as If this is the case, it would appear to be the person in charge of the department. about time that the matter was taken in In common with your other correspondents hand seriously, as there does not seem to be I would definitely advise intending candidates any technical reason why satisfactory and to think twice before starting on five to seven reliable electrically-heated apparatus for the years hard work in their spare time, especially purpose mentioned should not be rapidly as the reward in many cases is so elusive. developed, even if the industry has to copy S t il l A n o t h e r G r a d u a t e . the best features of the gas-heated prototype. P r o g r e s s . Universal Domestic Tariff [Our correspondent is a director of an important industrial concern. We do not ^ ® TITH reference to Mr. J. L. Ferns’ letter believe that the position is quite so bad as he in your issue of February 9th, my first implies and will gladly pass on, or publish, paragraph was intended to convey that I replies from interested manufacturers.— Editors, thought the average cost of id. per kWh for Electrical Review.] 1,200 kWh per quarter much too low and that, as a consequence, alterations to figures Science in Peace in the formula would have to be made. It N open conference on “ Science in Peace ” appears to me that at least 60 per cent, organised by the Association of Scientific increase would be needed and such an increase Workers is being held this week-end at the might adversely affect the promotional value. Caxton Hall, Westminster, S.W.l. The first This would be the case if the price of the session to-morrow (Saturday) at 2.15 p.m. will be kWh between 120 and 480 was made relatively devoted to “ Science and Production ” • the high. I am not afraid of high demands; in fact chairman will be Prof. P. M. S. Blackett and the speakers will include Dr. J. L B Coopei I should welcome them except for the fact (engineering) and Mr. A. Dooley (fuel and that the m.d. charge looms large in bulk power) The subject for the Sunday morning supply tariffs. My experience has taught me session (10 a.m.) is “ The Future Development that the highest weekly load factors occur Science. Sir Robert Watson-Watt will be at the time of heaviest loads. I am in com Pr^fCpalEFa« m d, the sPeakers will include plete agreement with Mr. Ferns that the kW I k P- M S Blackett, Prof. J. D. Bernal, Dr of m.d. of a domestic consumer constitutes Forbes W. Robertson, Dr. S. Lilley and Mr. E Carter. In the afternoon (2.30 p.m.) Prof. only a fraction of his capital liabilities, but I H. Levy will preside and the subject will be see no logical reason for reducing the price Science in Everyday Life.” February 16, 1945 Electrical Review 235 Electrical Research E.R.A.’s Plans for Future Work ORE applications than ever before were achievements that had been dealt with received for the annual luncheon of the in the more than 1,000 reports issued to MBritish Electrical and Allied Industriesmembers, Sir Arthur described the Associa Research Association at the Savoy Hotel tion as unique in that throughout its existence on Friday last week following the annual it had had but one director, Mr. E. B. Wed general meeting at which M r. E. B. W e d m o re more, who came to it equipped with a fine (who recently retired from the position of academic record and very varied industrial director and secretary) was elected an experience. Under his leadership income had honorary member. risen from about £3,000 a year to more than Sir Harry Railing (President, I.E.E.) thirty times that amount. In the uphill fight remarked that it was fitting that he should to gain the confidence of previously keenly propose the toast of “ The E.R.A.” because competitive interests, Mr. Wedmore had by the Association could not exist without the his tact and wisdom built up an organisation support of the I.E.E.; nor could the I.E.E. that was an integral part of the industry. continue to flourish without the achievements As to the future, the industry was perhaps of the E.R.A. They all welcomed the efforts the most perfect example of a public service, being made to stimulate the interest of the for it provided the means whereby natural older industries in research, but he could not resources of power were converted into a help occasionally smiling when their various form in which they could be used in varying “ advisers ” (inside and outside degrees by all members of the the Government, which seemed community. Electric power was to be just awakening to the value essential to all our industries. of research) endeavoured to preach It must continue to contribute to the electrical industry, which to the solution of that great social- rather resented the implication economic problem, employment. that it had not played its part in Its contribution heretofore had either fundamental or individual been no puny achievement, since research. While in the older within 25 years employment in industries it might still be a case the industry had grown by some of infiltration, some of the 300 per cent. Measured by in younger industries often them vested capital its growth has been selves stimulated research. The 250 per cent, and by kWh sold achievements of the E.R.A. Sir Arthur Fleming, 900 per cent. It had been re proved that it had been well led President of E.R.A. sponsible for the development in the past, but there were several and growth of many ancillary large question marks across the page of industries; for example, the electrical the future. The three essentials were, first, industry was the biggest user of plastics and that the whole organisation must be had been responsible for much of the scientific imbued with the spirit of public service; research which had led to the development of secondly, it must have a first-class and con that industry. It was not an over-statement tented staff; and, thirdly, sufficient means to say that for every additional worker the must be available. He had not the slightest electrical industry engaged, several other doubt that funds would be forthcoming; workers were indirectly employed. In that recent directoral changes had been made in same respect it should be noted that electrical preparation for post-war development and development required the employment to an money must be saved for the building project. increasing extent of scientific personnel. Sir Arthur Fleming (who succeeds As a result of war necessity many over Viscount Falmouth as president of the seas customers had to some extent become E.R.A.) responded with an outline of the competitors. Our main hope in the export state of the electrical industry at the time field would be from products of such a highly the E.R.A. was established. Co-operation in developed technical character that they were manufacture had begun to displace un beyond the capacity of newly industrialised restrained competition and the rising stan countries. dard of technical competence caused the In the future there might be political export business to begin to thrive. It would tendencies to impose controls which would have been very well worth while if it had done hamper industry and restrict profit-making, nothing more than draw together technical and to regard industry as a national asset in a experts from previously competing firms to narrow conventional way, thus reducing co-operate in the solution of research prob incentive and initiative. With the present lems common to the industry. economic system it was essential that there After referring to a few of the technical should be such a margin between the cost of 2 3 6 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w February 1 6 , 1 9 4 5 production and selling price as would provide have become inadequate. Control has been a reasonable return on invested capital and secured over some 47 acres at Leatherhead, thus ensure the attraction of further capital at a cost of £25,000, and Mr. H. J. Rowse, when required for . expansion ; and also F.R.I.B.A., has commenced to design new provide sufficient funds for research and laboratories. Meanwhile, notwithstanding development to ensure enduring prosperity. further hutment extensions at Perivale, it has The best safeguard against such interference been necessary to hold in abeyance at least as hampering controls was to make the half a year’s full activity for which financial industry as a whole so efficient that its use provision had already been made, and fulness to the community could not be overcrowding at the head office in London bettered by the introduction of any other has caused considerable concern. system . In a foreword to the report Capt. J. M. Donaldson, chairman of Council, points out Mobilisation of Resources that not only will further capital have to be In peace-time the industry would have to provided in addition to reserves to enable the learn how to adjust itself to entirely different building project to be financed, but that conditions in which cost was a vital factor. considerably larger annual expenditive will It would have to shake off the narcotic also be incurred upon the re-establishment of influence of E.P.T. and the feeling that peacetime activities. It may thus be necessary “ anyhow the Government pays.” It must to broaden, or perhaps deepen, the financial also not be deluded by a period of great basis of the Association. activity during the time of reconstruction, It is reasonable to expect that Service since that would merely be the time to equip Departments will continue to utilise E.R.A.’s for the struggle for existence ahead. It might facilities. It is increasingly evident that the be necessary to have as complete a mobilisa limiting factor will be shortage of adequately tion of manufacturing resources for peace trained personnel; this can only be properly as for war. relieved by still more extensive pooling of Not only was it essential that the Associa problems of common interest, for which the tion be enlarged and equipped to solve on an E.R.A. organisation is peculiarly well adequate scale the increasing day-to-day adapted. problems, but it was even more important that it should expand its long-term researches, An Informative Brochure since it was from those that new industrial It is considered that “ many influential applications would arise. personages ” holding responsible positions in In the translation of new scientific dis the electrical industry are not fully informed covery into industrial applications a great about the nature and extent of the use that is difficulty presented itself in the lack of men made of the E.R.A. by the industry. To having adequate scientific knowledge coupled remedy this a 62-page illustrated brochure with commercial and industrial experience (ERA/R.619) has been produced describing and aptitude. It was there that the E.R.A. what the Association is and what it does, could fulfil a most important function by including outlines of typical researches in ten providing numbers of suitably trained men different branches of the industry. The value who could be seconded temporarily or of co-operative effort is stressed and the scale permanently to those industrial firms lacking of working indicated by the present annual such personnel. These men would be able to expenditure of £105,000 (the first years’ give practical effect to the results of research. expenditure was £10,500) which would have C a p t . J. M . D o n a l d s o n (chairman of the been materially larger had it not been for the E.R.A. Council) proposed the vote of thanks wartime diversion of activities and staff. to the president. There has been some further expansion of war contracts ; much of the work, which Annual Report must remain secret, represents a permanent contribution to industry and in due course HERE are references in most sections of will no doubt be made generally available in T the annual report for 1943-44 to the appropriate manner. Special attention has war’s interference with, or retardation of,been paid to investigations related to the investigational programmes. But there is a further commercial development of gas- feeling of satisfaction that a peacetime blast circuit-breakers. One new patent organisation should have proved itself to be application has been made and the renewal so readily and successfully adaptable to the and maintenance of others have not been wartime requirements. It is reasonable to neglected. expect that the E.R.A. will eventually The electric control apparatus section has emerge with added strength from the ordeai. been very active and, urged by wartime It is a striking commentary on the volume factory needs, has prepared a further im of work performed that the Perivale labora portant series of reports on industrial tories, which were established on what was explosion hazards. Each of seven reports then quite a liberal scale, should in ten years relates to a difierent gas and rapid progress February 16, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 237 has been maintained in experiments with a determine the probable number of lightning third series of atmospheres commonly en strokes to any given transmission line as well countered in industry. The Safety in Mines as the manner in which they are likely to be Research Board has also reported on the distributed between towers, phase wires and performance of safe-gap bakelite flanges in earth wires according to the known dimen methane-air atmospheres. sions of the particular line concerned. Recognition of the importance of deter mining the rate of creep of various steels at Rural Work elevated temperatures has caused expansion The co-ordination of all research into the of the scale of investigation at the National utilisation of electricity for agriculture and Physical Laboratory and some success has horticulture is almost complete; a field followed the application of similar ideas to station is to be established in association with the study of the even more complex group Reading University and a working liaison of insulating materials when subjected to has been effected with the North of Scotland continuous great mechanical stress at working Hydro-electric Board. There has been some temperatures. The latter subject had been modification of methods of heating and practically unexplored until tackled by the control of gravel culture (Dr. R. H. E.R.A., some of whose reports on insulation Stoughton) at Reading. materials are to be used as the basis of speci Electrical pre-heating of tomato-house fications by the British Standards Institution. soil in Nottinghamshire has confirmed the practical and economic success of the method, Magnetic Materials but further operating experience of more Magnetic investigations at the Cavendish installations is to be obtained before a report Laboratory, Cambridge, under the direction is issued. Soil sterilisation by means of im of Professor Sir Lawrence Bragg, now include mersion heaters has been satisfactory; an attack on electrical sheet steel. Measure certain confirmatory tests are being made. ments have been made for the first time with A critical resume of information about the single crystals. The extension of the method employment of electric lamps for the irradia to the separation of hysteresis and eddy- tion of growing plants is being prepared in current components of the loss is not expected anticipation of the resumption of this work. to present much difficulty. Work is also in A new sub-committee is considering small hand on new alloys of different compositions generating plant for farms and other isolated from those at present in commercial use. premises not within practicable reach of There has been further success at Cambridge public distribution systems, starting with the in the solution of permanent magnet problems analysis of prevailing winds and the devising and endeavoures are being made to utilise the of means of testing wind-driven plant. electron-microscope for that purpose. In connection with Professor Sucksmith’s Room Heating Experiments work at Sheffield satisfactory apparatus has A report is expected soon on floor heating been evolved for measuring the magnetic and to provide a background of warmth con magnetostrictive properties of a specimen tinuously with off-peak loading, including without removing it from the apparatus. At cables buried directly in the solid concrete Bristol saturation intensity-temperature floor of an experimental room. The heat curves for the same alloy are being correlated distribution over the surface and throughout with BH data obtained in weak fields with a a single-floor structure has already been view to clarifying the processes causing determined. maximum hysteresis. A final report is in an advanced state of preparation on the reflectivity and other Lightning Surges thermal properties of wall coverings and their Several reports on transformer calculations relative effects on the rate of attainment of are nearly ready. Another on the current comfort in an initially cold room which is not distribution in overhead power lines, towers continuously heated. It has been established and earthing wires induced by lightning strokes that a highly reflecting surface (metallised has an important bearing on back-flashover, wallpaper or metal paint) applied to a the cause of which has been imperfectly ordinary brick and plastic wall is as effective understood because of lack of knowledge in producing comfort quickly as a layer of about the manner in which lightning current material of high thermal resistance, such as subdivides in its passage through the various good proprietary wall-boards, which are earthed parts of the system. Russian in themselves rendered more effective by being vestigators have stated that a method is not given a reflective coating; but the increased available for making the requisite calculation efficiency of heating is more notable in the correctly, but the E.R.A. report (S/T.47) case of the less effective insulating materials. describes a method of calculation that is free .Under certain conditions a saving of fuel of from the technical objections to which the as much as 50 per cent, may result from the older methods have been subject. judicious use of such wall coverings in An associated report (S/T.49) shows how to domestic living rooms. 238 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w February 16, 1945 S E W B O O K S Analysis of Metals. Power Station Plant.
Metallurgical Analysis by means of the Spekker water treatment, alternators and electrical Absorptiometer. By F. W. Haywood, equipment, oil, station auxiliaries, commission Ph.D., F.I.C., and A. A. R. Wood. ing and testing, organisation and costs, and fire Pp. 128; figs 31. Adam Hilger, Ltd., 98, fighting and A.R.P. precautions. The various St. Pancras Way, Camden Road, London, subjects are considered in sufficient detail to N .W .l. Price 18s. give the non-expert a good grasp of the funda Colorimetric analysis is well known and is mentals involved and, as in the case of Vol. I, greatly used in metallurgical and other branches an excellent bibliography is given at the end of of chemistry. Certain chemical reactions, on each chapter, so that the reader can further the taking place of which a distinctly coloured study any complex detail. substance is formed, can be measured with great In the chapter dealing with condensing plant accuracy by comparing the “ amount ” of colour the author uses the term “ vacuum ” extensively. with that of a similar reaction in which known This is a relative term and must be referred to weights of the reactants in question are used. barometric pressure before it has a precise Where comparisons are made by colour match meaning, and it then becomes absolute pressure, ing with the eye, an instrument known as a which is complete in itself and has a precise colorimeter is used, but as the authors of this meaning. It would probably lead to clearer book point out, when a photo-electric cell is exposition if an adequate explanation of this was used in making the comparison, the term given at the start and thereafter consistently use colorimeter becomes a misnomer and the name the term of absolute pressure instead of vacuum. absorptiometer has been substituted. The author states that the steam friction pressure The Spekker absorptiometer is a Hilger drop across the condenser tubes should not instrument, which is sufficient to say that it is a exceed 0-2 in. Hg. This figure seems to be high-precision piece of apparatus. It consists about twice as great as should be achieved with essentially of a lamp in a metal lamphouse, on modern practice provided that the tubes are one side of which the light passes successively reasonably clean. through a colour filter, a variable calibrated In the chapter on station costs many examples aperture and a lens. Parallelised light from the are given of actual costs relating to pre-war lens passes through a glass cell containing the extensions. A knowledge of present-day prices liquid and thence on to an indicating photo-cell. makes one wish the costs given could still be On the other side of the lamphouse, the light obtained. The war has brought a relatively passes through a water cell, a filter of the same large increase in cost, a considerable portion of colour as that on the opposite side, and thence which may be expected to be permanent. To through a variable aperture on to the compen accord with present-day levels the examples given sating cell. The two cells being balanced, the would need about 60 per cent, adding to them. liquid under analysis is introduced into the Possibly by the time a further edition is pub indicating cell light path. Readings are made lished prices may have been stabilised somewhat by the null point method on the galvanometer and then values could be incorporated in provided. the book that would form a more reliable guide Some determinations, such as that of man to costs. ganese in a manganese alloy, can be made by a In addition, there has been a great increase direct reading, the colour-absorption being in the price of coal. This cost is really the proportional to the concentration of the element fundamental cost and has a great influence on sought. In many analyses it is necessary to all the decisions of a power station designer. take more than one reading to obtain a figure While it seems reasonable to expect some which is strictly proportional to the concen reduction on present-day coal cost, it seems tration of the element sought. The authors practically certain that the post-war price of explain in ample detail the operation of the coal will remain at a much higher value than instrument, and give data regarding the deter pre-war and, therefore, the value of power mination of cobalt, copper, manganese, etc., in station thermal efficiency will be correspond ferrous alloys, and of various elements in copper, ingly increased. This makes the author’s two aluminium and magnesium alloys. volumes all the more valuable an addition to Dr. Haywood is chief metallurgist to Wild- power station literature. As an indication of Barfield Electric Furnaces, Ltd., and Mr. Wood the care devoted to references the bibliography is his assistant. Both authors are to be con in Vol. II alone gives references to over 170 gratulated on dealing with the subject in a way publications dealing with the various subjects which clarifies the use of an excellent piece of covered.— J. N. W. apparatus which is already proving of important value in metallurgical analysis.—T.T.B. Books Received Electric Power Stations.—Volume II. By T. H. Rebuilding Britain—A Twenty-Year Plan. By Carr. Second edition, revised and enlarged. Sir Ernest Simon. (256 pp., 16 illustrations.) Pp. 549; figs. 456. Chapman & Hall, Ltd., G„ol.Iancz> Ltd., 14, Henrietta Street, 37-39, Essex Street, London, W.C.2. W.C.2. Price 6 s. Price 32s. Vol. I was reviewed in our issue of May 9th, „High Frequency Transmission Lines. By 1941. The present volume, which has been Willis Jackson. Pp. 152; figs. 46. Methuen considerably enlarged since the first edition in & Co., Ltd., 36, Essex Street, London, W C 2 1941, covers condensing plant, feed heating and Price 6 s. 2 3 9 February 16, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w PERSONAL and SOCIAL News of Men and Women of the Industry
% T Hirst Hall, \\ embley, the social centre of included members of the Allied Forces. Later -cm the group of factories in that district owned the prizes, among them the ” Cableco cham by the General Electric Co., Ltd., the Hon. Mrs. pionship cup and the British Electric Co. cup, Gamage recently unveiled a bronze plaque of both won by P. Ramalingham, were presented the late Lord Hirst to commemorate the great to the winners by Mrs. E. D. Johnson. personal interest he always took in the activities Mr. H. C. Siddeley, M.I.E.E., manager of the engineering department of H. W. Roberts & Co., Buenos Aires, is arriving in England shortly, for the purpose of renewing agencies, etc., for his company, covering Argentina and Uruguay. Communications should be addressed co H. ’ W. Roberts & Co., Orient House, Granby Row, Manchester, 1. Miss Caroline Haslett, C.B.E., director of the Electrical Association for Women, has recently returned from a visit to Finland. Leeds Corporation Finance and Parliamentary Committee is recommending the appointment of a deputy city electrical engineer at a salary of £1,100 rising to £1,300. Mr. W. Roe, Cork City district engineer of the Irish Electricity Supply Board, has been appointed engineer in charge of the Board’s rural electrification scheme. Mr. A. G. Hawkins has been appointed manager of the north-western area of the home branch organisation of the General Electric Co., Ltd. Mr. Hawkins assisted the late Mr. J. H. Farthing in the manage ment of the district for the past eight years, but he has also had a varied experience in the G.E.C. The Hon. Mrs. Gamage unveiling the plaque of for over thirty years. the late Lord Hirst After graduating with honours at Cambridge at the Hall and in the social welfare of G.E.C. he joined the company employees. The plaque was a gift from Lord in 1912 as secretary to Hirst’s daughter and son-in-law (the Hon. Mrs. the late Lord Hirst, and Gamage and Mr. Leslie Gamage), and its shortly afterwards he unveiling coincided with the date of his death was transferred to the two years ago. Brief but fitting eulogy was made Cardiff branch where he at the ceremony of the man who founded and was engaged when war developed the present world-wide G.E.C. broke out in 1914. He organisation. Among those present were Sir then served in France Mr. A. G. Hawkins Harry Railing, Mr. Leslie Gamage, Mr. G. with the 36th (Ulster) Chelioti, Dr. C. C. Paterson and Mr. F. Division, was twice mentioned in -dispatches Winstanley, directors of the company. and was awarded the Belgian Croix de Guerre Mr. R. T. G. French, who has just retired from and the M.B.E. In 1919 he was appointed the position of secretary to the Electricity assistant manager of Glasgow branch and left Commission, is being retained for the time being there in 1925 to take charge of the company’s in a consultative capacity. interests in India as general manager of the General Electric Co. (India), Ltd. He remained Mr. L. A. E. Fosbrooke, assistant station in India for over ten years and during this time superintendent at the Blackburn Meadows the company’s branches in India and Burma Station, has been recommended by the Sheffield underwent a considerable expansion for which Electricity Committee for the position of station he was largely responsible. superintendent rendered vacant by the retire ment o f Mr. H. C. W ilson after forty-one years Mr. J. W. Smith, chief inspector of works for the Liverpool Corporation Electric Power and service. Lighting Committee, has been promoted to the Mr E. D. Johnson, works manager of the position of works superintendent. Indian Cable Co., Ltd., tells us in an airgraph just received that the company’s eighteenth The mission headed by Lord Reith which is annual sports were held in fierce tropical sun visiting the Dominions and India to discuss the shine on January 13th. The new recreation future organisation of Commonwealth tele a ro u n d near the factory' at Tatanagar, Bihar, was communications services has returned from New packed for the occasion, and the spectators Zealand to Australia. Discussions were held at 240 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w February 16, 1945
Wellington last Friday with Mr. Peter Fraser the completion of the contract, in 1925, he (Prime Minister) and Mr. Walter Nash. joined the staff of the Electricity Department Dover Corporation Electricity Committee and had since been responsible under the has agreed to designate the electrical engineer, engineer and manager for the installation, and Mr. R. G. Widgery, as electrical engineer and maintenance of all h.v. and l.v. switchgear and manager. transformers in the Corporation’s substations. In his early days he was in the R.N.V.R., was mobilised in 1914 and throughout the first world Obituary war saw considerable service at sea. He was Mr. K. L. Wood.—We regret to report that fifty-two. Mr. Kenneth Lindsay Wood, M.I.E.E., former Mr. W. W. Lackie.— It is with regret that we engineer-in-chief of Cable & Wireless, Ltd., record the death at his home at Walton-on- died on February 4th at the age of sixty-one. Thames, on February 10th, of Mr. William Mr. Wood was educated Walker Lackie, one of the original Electricity at Christ’s Hospital and Commissioners. Mr. Lackie was born at entered the service of the Montrose, Angus, in 1869 and was educated at Eastern Telegraph Co., the academy there and at University College, Ltd. (which later be Dundee, and Glasgow University. From 1887 came part of the Cable to 1891 he was with Mavor & Coulson, Ltd., & Wireless organisa Glasgow, and then joined the Glasgow Cor tion) as a probationer poration Electricity Department as mains in 1899, serving at Suez, superintendent. Later he was successively Aden and Porthcurno assistant chief engineer (1895-1903) and chief (Cornwall). In 1910 he engineer and manager (1903-1920). In 1920 he was transferred to the was appointed an Electricity Commissioner and laboratory at the com held that position until his retirement in 1934. pany’s head office and Mr. Lackie was a member of the Institutions in 1929 was appointed of Civil and Electrical Engineers and a past- T h e la te assistant electrician-in- president of the Institution of Engineers and M r. K. L. W o o d chief. He became joint Shipbuilders in Scotland. In 1919 he was deputy engineer-in-chief awarded the C.B.E. later in the same year and five years after Mr. T. E. Ritchie.—We regret to record the succeeded to the position of engineer-in-chief death of Mr. Thomas Edward Ritchie, from which he retired in 1939. During the war A.M.I.E.E., on January 16th. Mr. Ritchie was he had been engaged in signal work at the born in Manchester in Air Ministry. 1872. He was elected to During the last war Mr. Wood served in the the I.E.E. in 1900. He Royal Engineers. He attended the Cairo joined the General Elec International Telecommunications Conference tric Co., Ltd., in 1923 in 1938. A paper on “ Empire Telegraph and, until he retired in Communications ” which he presented to the the summer of 1941, Institution of Electrical Engineers in 1938 was held the position of republished in book form by Cable & Wireless, chief illuminating en Ltd. gineer to the company. A former colleague pays a tribute to Mr. During these eighteen Wood’s influence on submarine telegraphy years he gave many technique, particularly his share in the work lectures on the subject which culminated in direct working between of electrical illumination London and India, Australia, South Africa and throughout the country other distant points through, in one case, as and contributed a many as fourteen cables in series. number of articles to T h e la te Mr. C. G. Jackson.—We learn with regret of the Press. M r. T . E. R itch ie the death on February 3rd, at the age of thirty- Mr. A. Ionides.—The death occurred last week nine years, of Mr. Cyril Gordon Jackson, who of Mr. Alexander G. Ionides, B.A., M.I.E.E., held the post of production engineer for Southern who for many years acted as consulting engineer United Telephone Cables, Ltd., at Dagenham to Rolls-Royce, Ltd., and Vauxhall Motors, Dock, having joined the company in 1932. Ltd. Mr. Ionides was educated at Harrow and Mr. Jackson obtained his B.Sc.(Eng.) degree Cambridge and in the earlier part of his career at London University and was a member of the was associated with the Brush Electrical En Institution of Electrical Engineers. Before gineering Co. and the Fowler Waring Cables Co. joining Southern United Telephone Cables he and he was manager of the electrolytic refinery was for some years with Standard Telephones of the Pembrey Copper Works. During the & Cables, Ltd., being engaged on telecom last war (and for a time in the present war) he munication work. served in the Experimental Department of the Mr. A. J. Popert.— The death occurred last Admiralty, largely in connection with radio, and week at the Hove General Hospital of Mr. he invented a form of submarine detector. Alan J. Popert, of the Hove Corporation Electricity Department. Mr. Popert, who was a Spanish Electrified Railway Londoner, received his technical education at . the opening of the second part of the London University. He was for many years Madrid—Avila etectrified railway, traffic to North with the Metropolitan-Vickers Electrical Co., and North-Western Spain can now be drawn Ltd., and as an erection engineer installed the by electric locos over the 4,000-ft. Guadarrama first rotaries and motor generators at the Hove Pass. The pass had previously slowed up Corporation’s Davigdor Road station. Upon steam-driven trains considerably.— Reuter. February 16, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 241 COMMERCE and IMM VHC1 Standard Meter Dimensions. Lighting Fittings Position. South Shields and I.M.E.A. Major R. S. Caprara (director, South African Broadcasting Corporation), Mr. Norman Filmer HE Town Clerk of South Shields has reported (branch manager, Transvaal Division) and Mr. T to the Town Council that proceedings Horace Collett (divisional engineer, Transvaal against the I.M .E.A. arising out o f an alleged Division). India: Professor A. S. Bokhari invalid resolution passed at an extraordinary (director-general, All-India Radio, and former meeting of the Association last April, have been chief of the B.B.C. Indian Service), Mr. C. W. stayed pending another meeting o f the Associa Goyder (chief engineer) and Mr. S. Gopalan tion. In the meantime the Association has (development and planning officer). agreed not to take any action regarding the memorandum upon electricity distribution reorganisation stated to have been approved at Scottish Hydro-Electric Rating the meeting last April, and to refrain from The Stationery Office has published (price 2d.) pressing the Minister o f Fuel and Power to the text of the Hydro-Electric Undertakings make any decision on the matter dealt with in (Valuation for Rating) (Scotland) Bill prefaced the memorandum. by an explanatory memorandum. Details of the Bill were given in our issue of November 24th Kitchen Equipment last (p. 743). The explanatory memorandum In order to facilitate the layout and planning shows that in determining the rateable value of of kitchens in post-war houses B.S.1195 has new Scottish hydro-electric works the con just been issued, giving recommendations for the structional cost in excess of £30 per kW is space dimensions for kitchen equipment. The disregarded. Examples are given of the applica unit dimensions on which the space dimensions tion of the provisions of the Bill to new and are based are a width o f 21 in., a depth o f 21 in. existing undertakings. In the case of the latter and a working height of 36 in. Standard relief is granted in such a way as to ensure that dimensions for a wide range of kitchen fittings the rating authorities are not adversely affected. in both metal and wood, based on the recom mended unit size, are also included. They cover Meter Interchangeability cabinets either with drawers or shelves and Deliberations of a joint committee representa cupboards, etc. The requirements laid down tive of electricity supply authorities and meter relate to overall dimensions and the storage manufacturers have resulted in a proposal to accommodation. It is hoped to prepare a standardise the dimensions of single-phase quality standard to cover the constructional watt-hour meters of the quarterly reading type requirements at a later date. Copies are available up to 50 A capacity (BS.37 rating, long range) from British Standards Institution, 28, Victoria to make them interchangeable in respect of (a) Street, London, S.W .I., price 2s. fixing centres, (b) position of terminal block in relation to fixing centres and projection, and (c) Antimony Control Order Revoked maximum projected rectangle and back-to-front The Minister of Supply has made the Control projection. The suggested dimensions are of Non-Ferrous Metals (No. 15) (Antimony) illustrated in a sketch drawing reproduced (Revocation) Order, 1945 (S.R. & O. 1945 No. in the I.M.E.A. Journal for January. 112, price Id.), which comes into force on All the meter makers are said to have agreed February 8 th. This Order revokes the 1942 to the proposals and they have the full support Order, under which the disposal and acquisition of the I.M.E.A., which hopes that the rest of of antimony metal, crude antimony sulphide, the supply industry will accept them. No antimony oxide, golden or crimson sulphide of commencing date has yet been decided, nor antimony and antimony ore were subject to have any recommendations yet been made in licence. Licences will no longer be required for respect of prepayment meters. The joint com the disposal or acquisition of these commodities. mittee is considering such additional factors as extension of the accuracy range, number of sizes required and the marking of meters, all Empire Broadcasting Conference of which will in due course involve the revision Post-war plans for broadcasting within the o f BS.37— 1937. Empire are being discussed at a conference convened by the B.B.C. at Broadcasting House, Supply of Lighting Fittings from February 15th to March 9th. Wave lengths, exchange of programmes and in In last week’s issue it was reported that formation, re-broadcasting, and school and restrictions upon the supply of electric lighting controversial broadcasting will be among the fittings had been removed, but the Electric subjects considered. The delegates are:—New Light Fittings Association points out that Zealand: Professor James Shelley (director. although manufacturers may now supply these National Broadcasting Service of New Zealand) fittings without restrictions, many of the and Mr. J. R. Smith (chief engineer). Australia : established fittings manufacturers are still very Col. C. J. A. Moses (general manager, Australian fully occupied on war work of high priority. Broadcasting Commission). Canada: Mr. Thus, production of the fittings can, generally Howard B. Chase (chairman, Canadian Broad speaking, only be effected by easy stages and casting Corporation), Mr. E. L. Bushnell in the limited “ pockets ” of capacity that may (director-general of programmes), and Mr. arise from time to time without detriment to G. W. Olive (chief engineer). South Africa: more essential contracts. 242 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w February 16, ) 945
For this reason, the distributing side of the points as travelling and hotels; population, trade and the public must not expect immediate currency and trade; terms of payment and deliveries on a peace-time basis. Furthermore, credit facilities; import tariffs and customs production for export must receive preference. procedure; advertising; and sales organisation. The foregoing does not, of course, apply to The last-named section outlines the general industrial type fittings production of which business arrangements in so far as imports are must continue to be for work of national concerned and gives hints on the appointment of importance. agents and the setting-up of branch establish The Board of Customs and Excise reminds ments. persons taking advantage of the relaxation of It is suggested that representatives of control that they will become liable to registra United Kingdom firms intending to visit the tion for Purchase Tax purposes if their gross Dominions or foreign countries should call at takings from the sale of chargeable goods of the Department’s offices before leaving, when their own manufacture are likely to exceed £500 they will be offered all the assistance which the per annum. Failure to apply for registration Department can give. involves liability to heavy penalties. Applica tions should be addressed to the local officer of Lease of Factories Customs and Excise, whose address may be obtained from the telephone directory or the Liverpool City Council is recommended to Post Office. lease Unit Factory No. 5 at Speke, when de requisitioned, to the Automatic & Electric Co., Site for Norwich Showrooms Ltd., for 21 years, at £900 per annum. The Dunlop Rubber Co., Ltd., is completing The Norwich Corporation Electricity Depart negotiations with the Government for the ment has recently purchased a large site in the acquisition by lease of the Ministry of Aircraft centre of the city for showrooms and offices Production No. 1 factory at Speke. after the war. The Corporation rescinded a resolution passed in 1939 that the new show Accessories for Turkey rooms and offices should be at the rear of the City Flail, and unanimously decided that the We have been asked to put a Turkish concern proposed new site was suitable for purchase, at into touch with British manufacturers of electric a price of £65,000. The site comprises the lamps and lampholders, and will forward the whole of the shops and buildings on the south names of any interested parties. side of Davey Place, with a large frontage on to the east side of Gentlemen’s Walk, and on to E.D.A. Bulletin Castle Street, the total area being approximately 1,663 sq. yd. A view of one of the Electrical Development Association’s all-electric kitchens appears on the front page of the January “ E.D.A. Bulletin.” South African Imports This issue also contains a report o f the silver The South African Government is now lifting jubilee dinner held on November 30th and the ban, imposed for reasons of security, on the accounts of E.D.A. activities in recent weeks in issue of statistics of external trade, and has many parts of the country. released the import figures for 1942. In the electrical group there was a substantial decline Plastics Trade Marks compared with 1941, outstanding examples By agreement, in order to avoid confusion were cable and wire £458,000 (against £668,000) ; between the plastics produced by Ray Mould radio apparatus and accessories £321,000 ings, Ltd., Ealing, and the Ray Engineering (£656,000) ; heating and cooking apparatus, Co., Ltd., Bristol, the latter company has £103,000 (£287,000) ; secondary batteries registered the trade mark “ Rencol ” (Class 17, £153,000 (£322,000); and motors £296,000 No. 62801). (£385,000). The only noteworthy increase was in dynamos and generators £99,000 (£44,000). Change of Name Great Britain was by far the principal supplier, with the United States a bad second and Canada. The Merseyside Electrical Engineering Co., represented in a few lines. It will be recalled that Ltd., is now named Crospool Contractors, Ltd. formerly several European countries shared in the electrical import trade of the Union. Radio Components Exhibition The Radio Component Manufacturers’ Guides to Overseas Countries Federation, 22, Surrey Street, W.C.2, is holding Before the war the annual reports of trade a private exhibition of radio and communication commissioners and commercial counsellors to components at Grosvenor House Ballroom, Park Lane, W .l,from February 20th to 22nd. the Department of Overseas Trade often con tained prefatory information about their Admission will be confined to executives and technical employees of firms who must be particular countries for the guidance of business holders of invitation cards. visitors and others. Sometimes this information was issued separately in pamphlet form by the D.O.T. Recently the idea has been revived in Norfolk Agricultural Engineers the shape of a series of booklets entitled “ Hints Closer collaboration between electrical en to Business Men ” which are obtainable from gineers and farmers in Norfolk is made possible the Department of Overseas Trade, Hawkins by the formation of a local centre of the In House, Dolphin Square, S.W.l. stitution of British Agricultural Engineers. The first three deal with the United States, This centre, the first in the country was New Zealand and British East Africa. The one inaugurated on February 3rd in Norwich and on New Zealand, which is typical, covers such the city s initiative is being followed by the February 16, 1945 Electrical Review 243 formation ol other such centres throughout the capacity for electrical signs. Among the objects country. At the invitation o f Mr. J. A. Sumner, of the Association are the regulation of relations city electrical engineer, the committee meetings between its members and between members and and discussions are held in the Committee Room their customers, and to formulate and suggest of the Norwich Electricity Department, Duke such conditions for the conduct of the electrical Street, which is also the official address of the sign trade as may be considered desirable; to centre. promote a high standard of quality, design and Mr. Malcolm Crabbe has been appointed workmanship; and to promote and encourage chairman and Mr. M. Wheatley vice-chairman. propaganda on behalf of the industry. Mr. W. Newcome-Baker is hon. secretary and The chairman is Mr. S. D. Moyse (Claude- Mr. R. H. Chamberlain, the planning and General Neon Lights, Ltd.) and the vice-chair development superintendent of the Norwich man is Mr. A. E. Beadnell (Elders Walker & Electricity Department, has undertaken the Co. Ltd.). The offices of the Association are at duties of hon. assistant secretary. A representa 36, Kingsway, W.C.2. (Holborn 0502) and the tive committee has been appointed, including secretary is Mr. W. E. Babb. Mr. G. V. Harrap, deputy city electrical engineer of Norwich, and Mr. H. G. Waters, assistant Domestic Copper Cylinders general manager o f the East Anglian Electric Supply Co., Ltd. To facilitate concentration of the production of domestic copper cylinders (Grades 1, 2 and 3) Agricultural Research in order to meet anticipated demands for post war building, B.S. 699 has been revised, thereby Speaking at a meeting of the Engineering greatly reducing the range of sizes permitted Industries Association last week, Mr. A. P. by the 1936 edition. The new document caters Young (B.T.H. Co.) advocated a measure of co for capacities of from 2 0 to 1 0 0 gallons and operation between agriculturists, including the the table of dimensions now specifies external provision of a research fund of £3,000,000 a heights, instead of a range of stock heights year. He was dealing with the relationship of in 3-in. increments, naming the actual capacity agriculture to the engineering industry and said appropriate to each size. Confusion that has that electrical mechanisation should become the arisen in the past between nominal and actual most potent new idea to aid the farm group, and capacities will be avoided if cylinders are ordered the local farming community centred on the by the appropriate B.S. number rather than village, to improve its service function and thus in any other way. Other changes include the move forward to better and happier times for specification of standard positions for con all. Cheap electricity must be the foundation of nections for circulators and immersion heaters. this forward move and farmers could rely on All jointing is now required to be effected by the engineering and electrical manufacturing brazing; thus the soldering of the top and bottom industries doing their part in making available seams of Grade 3 cylinders is no longer per mechanical and electrical mechanisms of the mitted. The thickness of copper sheets has also right quality and at the right price to meet the been amended. Copies of the revised specifica expanding needs. tion are obtainable for 2s. each from the British Standards Institution, 28, Victoria Street, Bolton Payments for Extra Work London, S.W.l. There was another long discussion at Bolton Town Council last week on a recommendation “ Loud Hailers ” of the Electricity Committee to pay £7,000 to A booklet illustrating some of the many pur the borough electrical engineer and his staff poses for which “ loud hailers ” have been used for work in connection with extensions at by the Navy and Army has been issued by Back-o’-th’-Bank power station to be com Ardente Acoustic Laboratories, Ltd., Guildford, pleted by September, 1946. The recommenda Surrey. It is claimed that nearly 20,000 have tion was confirmed. The grants were defended been supplied. They consist of a hand micro on the ground that the Council, having given the phone in a small weather-proof case fitted Electricity Committee power to settle, had no with a thumb-switch for remotely controlling right to protest now. It was stated that Lancaster a 15-W amplifier contained in a steel weather had paid £10,000, and Carlisle, Preston and proof case. The pressure type loud speaker, Blackburn about £40,000. Councillor T. P. with permanent magnet and moving coil, is Longworth, chairman of the Electricity Com accommodated in an aluminium casing that mittee said that by the settlement £30,000 had forms part of the adjustable re-entrant horn been saved. projector; there are simple front and back sights which can be folded back when not in use. New Sign Makers’ Association Non-interchangeable plug connectors are pro The Electrical Sign Manufacturers’ Associa vided and the outfit (weighing 162 lb.) is energised tion (E.S.M.A.) has recently been formed to from a 72-Ah, 12-V accumulator. take the place of the Electrical Section of the Master Sign Makers’ Association. The founder Welding in Shipbuilding members are Claude-General Neon Lights, Ltd.; Elders Walker & Co., Ltd.; Electrolumination, In a “ Review of Modern Arc Welding in Ltd • the Franco-British Electrical Co., Ltd.; Shipbuilding,” read recently before the North- Ionlite, Ltd.; Nash & Hull, Ltd.; Oldham Sign Eastern (Tyneside) branch of the Institute of Services, Ltd.; L. V. Pannell; Pearce Signs, Welding, Mr. N. M. Hunter states that in Ltd.; the Sign Accessories Co., Ltd.; and the the North-East area some ships up to 17,000 tons Sign Construction Co., Ltd. are 95 per cent, welded at present. He also says It is claimed that these concerns represent at that from 60 to 70 per cent, of all steelwork in least 90 per cent, of the pre-war manufacturing all sizes of ships is welded. 244 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w February 16, 1945
Standard Cookers Apparatus for Emergency Houses
HE final design of the electric cookers The thermostatically-controlled oven has a to be standardised for the combined capacity of 13 in. cube. Its non-tilting T kitchen and bathroom units of the temporaryshelves, which are 12i in. square, are “ factory made ” houses has now been reversible to give, with the six runners, settled and orders for about 35,000 have almost any arrangement desired. Both the so far been placed by the Ministry of Works, oven sides and bases are withdrawable for deliveries to commence almost immediately. cleaning and access to the plug-in element The cooker, which will be mass produced, frames—one of 1 kW on each side and one is the result of co-operation between ten of 400 W at the bottom. The door lifts off. members of the Domestic Cooker Section of The hob equipment comprises an 8-in. the British Electrical and Allied Manu facturers’ Association, who have pooled patents and registered designs for the pur pose; any member is free to make the cooker, but only for the Ministry of Works. Accordingly it has been possible to incorporate the most suitable features of each manufacturer's products and at the same time to intro duce various up-to- date improvements. T he prototype, which Mr. F. G. N esbitt (S im plex Electric Co., Ltd.), chairman of the B.E.A.M.A. Domestic Kitchen unit for the M.O.W. emergency houses, showing the electric Cooking S e c t i o n , cooker in the centre and the refrigerator on the right showed to us recently, differs only in unimportant details from diameter hotplate and a lOJ-in. by 8-in. the finished product. It is of the vertical grill-boiler, each loaded at 2,000 W. Four type and is interchangeable in the kitchen- heats are provided on the hotplate, with a bathroom unit with the gas cooker as regards simmering loading of 220 W. The hot- dimensions. It is 36 in. high, 21 in. deep cupboard is more spacious than usual, 18 in. and 21 in. wide, adjustable extension pieces by 13J in. by 5J in., and full use is made being available at each side to fit into the of it by arranging for the adjustment of the “ harness ” so as to collect drips and direct grill tin by a specially designed wire-mesh them into the hot-cupboard. A rough grid instead of by alternative runners. adjustment for height is provided in the Individual components have been standard arrangements for clamping the cooker to ised as far as possible. All the plugs and the harness, adjustable hob hinges and fixing sockets for the oven element, the hotplate and screws completing the levelling of the top the gnll-boiler are identical, while the same flush with the other components. refractory is used both for the oven elements To give access to the side panel which and the grill-boiler. covers the switches, thermostat and connec . - A? attractive colour scheme selected by the tions the whole cooker can be pulled out Ministry of Works provides for a cream from the harness on runners. The wiring oven door and hob top, with the rest of the is brought through a hole to the main apparatus in green, matching the refrigerator terminals conveniently mounted in the front. door and the top of the harness (except the These terminals, with grub screws for easy cooker hob). There is a red surround for fixing, are disclosed by removing the base the thermostat, and the handles are of plate, which has a recess for the feet. moulded material with nickel “ trimmings.” February 16, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 245 Protective Gear Facilitating Maintenance Work
HE maintenance staff responsible for are provided at each switch enclosure, the the operation and repair of the primary safety earths applied by a maintenance T plant are not generally called on to makeengineer may short out the protective-gear adjustments to protective gear, but in the current transformer and so vitiate the exact division of duties between them and the operation of the whole scheme. Moreover, relay engineer difficulties may sometimes equipment for maintenance work, such as arise. These notes are intended to offer a portable hand-lamps, steel ladders, flexible few suggestions to designers of protective oil hoses, air lines and the like may also systems with a view to smoothing out some short-circuit the protective c.t. in greater or of these awkward points. less degree. Unless clear labels are installed One difficulty is in the isolation of auxiliary in the most obvious positions, such work switches and small wiring in such a way that as additional conduit for new auxiliary the maintenance staff may feel confident switches and re-jointing of cable glands at that they can safely work on the points where the sheaths all parts of the apparatus and, By J. H. M. Sykes are insulated from the frame, at the same time, the relay may possibly, unless the engineer may be satisfied that and R. S. Oliver maintenance staff is fully ac his protection is kept in com quainted with the conse plete operation. Bus-zone protective systems quences, again cause trouble. cause many difficulties of this nature. For All selective feeder protection, whether of instance, any scheme of busbar protection the balanced or interlock type, depends on which discriminates between faulty and sound the gear at both ends being in commission sections of busbars is very dependent on and on the pilot cable or possibly the super auxiliary switches, not only in the oil circuit- imposed high-frequency channel being breaker but also in the link-operating healthy. Routine checks of the channel mechanisms on the busbar selectors. These will normally be done by the maintenance may carry current-transformer circuits or DC engineer’s staff, and it is important that lock-out and tripping connections, and a dirty facilities should be provided which are contact could easily cause incorrect tripping simple and easy to operate, so devised as to on a through fault. It is therefore particularly provide a thorough check of every relay and important that regular inspection and main contact in the scheme and very clearly labelled tenance should be carried out at these points, so that their operation and functions are especially as a busbar selector is often left clearly apparent. unoperated for months at a time. If meters enter into the supervisory check scheme, they should be so scaled and Grouped Tripping Circuits labelled that their readings, when trans To make, these auxiliary switches dead mitted over the telephone to the relay engineer, for maintenance without either running the convey to him a clear picture of the state of risk of tripping out the whole station or of the gear. Permanently connected “ Meggers ” rendering the protective scheme entirely for insulation tests of the pilot and automatic inoperative is seldom easy. A method of or manual supervision of the continuity of minimising this awkward feature would be to the channel have proved very useful. marshal the tripping circuits for any particular By-passed Switches panel in a kiosk, or in a portion of a general marshalling kiosk, and provide links with If a switch is by-passed or if its protection very clear and simple labelling so arranged is out of commission, the protection at the that the maintenance staff could effectively remote end must also be rendered inoperative. make dead every auxiliary switch and This calls for careful co-ordination of secondary junction box on all parts of the routine methods between the system con feeder and at the same time be sure that the troller, the relay engineer and the main protective scheme was in full commission. tenance engineer. Similarly, if the pilot Another type of busbar protection is of cable or the high-frequency channel is out the frame-leakage type. The relay engineer of service for repair, the protection at each in commissioning a scheme takes care to end must be disconnected to prevent in ensure that the frame is adequately insulated advertent tripping on a fault outside the from earth and that all possible fault protected zone. currents return to the station earthing By-passing feeders also raises the point system via the current transformer. But a that although the feeder is still supplying feeder has to be earthed for maintenance pur load, the current transformers for integrating poses, and unless adequate earthing facilities and indicating meters are no longer in 2 4 6 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w February 16, 1945 circuit. As this may give rise to com realise, in connection with distance types of plications on the commercial side, the relay protection and all schemes which involve engineer is called on to devise temporary directional elements, how vital a part is hook-ups, which involve the connection played bji the secondary supplies from the of the meters to the current-transformer voltage transformers associated with the and voltage-transformer supplies of another feeders concerned. Indicating lamps are switch. frequently installed which draw attention to This trouble could easily be obviated if in the blowing of a secondary fuse that would the original design the secondary circuits deprive one phase of its correct potential, but concerned were all brought to a common unless the implications of this are clearly point where switches similar to those used understood, a feeder thought to be adequately on ammeter circuits could be operated to protected by its directional protection may, permit the general maintenance staff to in fact, be in an entirely unstable condition. preserve the continuity of the metering when, If the failure of a potential element were to perhaps at the shortest notice, they find it operate an alarm in addition, the attention desirable to by-pass the feeder’s own circuit- of the maintenance staff would at once be breaker. drawn to urgent need for the defect to be rectified. Routine Trip Testing The source of supply to bus Wiring on Although maintenance work proper on . relay and control panels is often shrouded the actual relays is carried out by the relay in mystery, as it may, for example, em engineer, routine trip testing is normally anate from what was once the original left- done by the maintenance staff. There is no hand panel, which is now somewhere near doubt that electrical operation of a protective the middle and has had its name and function relay is both a better test of its condition changed several times. The maintenance and much less likely to cause damage than staff may have occasion to make this wiring hand operation. The latest protective dead for a few moments and it may take systems, often involving telephone-type equip from half an hour to half a day to find the ment, could easily be equipped with a simple, only man who knows the intricacies of the automatic test device, normally locked off, much-altered scheme. This can be avoided which could be operated as a routine by installing a separate junction box, distinct measure, and it is not difficult to devise from the panels themselves, to which all similar means for testing overloads, distance external supplies are first brought, and protection or any other well-known scheme; where they are fused and clearly labelled. only the relay engineer need then have In many older equipments such common access to the relays, which could be sealed wires as the “ alarm-bell buswire ” are not if desired. fused in each panel, and work on any one Another modification which would make feeder equipment may mean the removal of at routine trip testing by the general main least the alarm feature from the whole tenance staff much simpler is the installation switchboard. of a master tripping relay for every switch. On many types of metal-clad gear, both of Simple Check the horizontal- and vertical-isolation designs, One of the simplest methods of ensuring the fitting of jumpers when the circuit- that the tripping supply to a circuit-breaker breaker is in the isolated position is difficult, is available at the trip-coil terminals is to arduous and often unreliable. But if, say, install a “ healthy trip lamp ” on each six tripping operations are to be carried out, panel. This simple addition forms a kind of it is not wise to do all these on load, and so check which even unskilled* labourers can be the jumper equipment has to be used. If a asked to observe at regular intervals. More master tripping relay had been provided, over, when a non-technical maintenance man the first trip, obviously from the on-load has to work on any of the auxiliary circuits condition, would prove that, say, the earth- on the switch, he has at least that easy check leakage element trips the master relay and when he has finished, that the circuit-breaker that the latter in turn trips the switch ; and will perform its prime function, which is to all further testing operations need only be trip when required. carried out on the basis of operating the The designer, in laying out his small- master relay, as it has been shown that the wiring schemes, should always bear in mind tripping circuits from here to the switch that a semi-technical operative who is itself are sound. This scheme would only authorised for primary switching and at require one auxiliary switch in the tripping very short notice, may wish to isolate any circuit, on the circuit-breaker itself. This portion of the plant, needs devices, such as would, of course, be in the trip-coil circuit, entirely centralised link assemblies or ganged and the “ healthy trip lamp,” mentioned knife switches near the gear, that will enable below, would automatically supervise the him instantly to isolate every small-wiring state of the contacts. connection without either disturbing the The maintenance engineer may not always protective, metering or control schemes or ^,19« r February 16, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 247 '\ní* typ». calling on the services of the relay engineer’s as the complete standardisation of the relay íía department. flags in any one scheme, centralisation of It cannot be too much emphasised that the alarm indicators on a common panel and ?,ei *itk Í all members of the maintenance staff, while clear and simple labelling detailing the lamps î having a broad general knowledge of the functions, place in the scheme and points of IttunU. protective schemes, must not always be isolation of every single piece of apparatus, expected to be familiar with the exact would do much towards making the work «J**, functions and the entire implications of every of both the relay engineer and the main this aie ¡t, part of the protection equipment. Designers tenance engineer far less fraught with who pay detailed attention to such matters unexpected difficulties than it is at present.
co#| . if. Kh'e’s Electricity Scheme Probable Expenditure of £40,000,000 r|iHE Minister for Industry and Commerce It was proposed to ask the Board to complete to bus M. (Mr. Lemass) made a number o f important the work in ten years from the time when «11ÍEI. declarations to the Dail during the second materials became available. The work would reading debate on the Electricity Supply employ 3,000-4,000 men. The capital cost was (Amendment) Bill, which authorises the Elec estimated at £17 millions and the subsidy would original j tricity Supply Board to carry out post-war be calculated to ensure a 1 2 per cent, return to »sooíiÍbb projects involving a probable expenditure of the Board. The intention was to make a simul tnmeandfb. £40,000,000. taneous start from a number of centres including Comparing Eire’s electrical development with at least one in every county. that of other countries, he said that in 1942 Steps would have to be taken to have electrical 450 million kWh was generated, equal to 162 apparatus and equipment manufactured in Eire ; Ml it [my kWh per head of the population, which still left so far as possible. Manufacture should be done a lay to y Eire far behind other countries. The E.S.B. by private firms, particularly where consumers’ \ ¡Macis olj expected that there would be an increase in apparatus was concerned. In the case of 15 QO IsiViü demand of from 35 to 40 million kWh per year generation or transmission apparatus it was won koi, fe during the next ten years; it might even be improbable that manufacture would be under much higher. It was not possible to meet the taken unless the E.S.B. itself arranged it. Dis s, to wtkt; needs by water power alone, as regularity of cussions had been opened with the Board ii brooght s supplies could not be guaranteed. Plans for regarding the operation of a programme of deaily'litd steam stations using turf exclusively as fuel were manufacture. It was intended that these s Slick ŒB being considered. These would be situated on discussions should be continued with the private uswire " are e suitable bogs, the first being adjacent to Clonsast firms concerned. cork oo aye bog near Portarlington. In this way it was In the course of the second day’s debate, intended that ultimately all electrical energy Mr. Lemass said there were no technical the remolda would be derived from native resources. difficulties in the use of turf; it was merely a iom tke è matter of adapting the boiler furnaces. Turf Early Start on Erne Development had half the calorific value of coal. Orders for A scheme had been prepared to develop the plant were placed recently in Sweden and he Erne, and it was hoped that work would begin understood that the manufacture was proceeding this year, subject to materials and equipment with a view to delivery after the war. It should being available. The plant there would have a be possible to bring the Clonsast station into capacity of 60,000 kW, to be later increased to production soon after the end of the hostilities. 80,000 kW. It was estimated that production It would comprise two 12,000-kW units. in the first stage would be 200 million kWh in The second stage of the Bill was passed, the an average flow year, increasing to 250 million Dail being practically unanimous in recognising kWh in the final stage. The estimated cost was the necessity of fully developing the electrical £3,500,000 but the actual cost was likely to be resources of the country. much higher. The Board had not been advised by the Northern Ireland authorities regarding Scottish Building Centre their attitude, but while co-operation would facilitate the working of the scheme the develop RESIDING at the seventh annual meeting ment of the Erne would proceed whether it was P of the Scottish Building Centre held in forthcoming or not. Glasgow on January 30th, Col. G. Gardner- With regard to the rural electrification McLean referred to the gratifying progress made scheme, Mr. Lemass said that the need for it during the year. Not only had there been an ut lus se encouraging increase in the number of tarin® was evidenced by the fact that, out of a popula tion of 2,968,000 (1936), 1,742,000 lacked exhibitors and of exhibits but there had also live wto: electricity. The matter presented no technical been a definite improvement in the numbers rng flb '■ difficulties; it simply entailed extending the of visitors and of inquiries. The present year i isolate if 10,000-V lines. It was estimated, on pre-war had opened under auspices which were both ices, sutil prices, that the cost would average £45 a encouraging and satisfactory. A number of s c dwelling, varying from £49 in Wicklow to £34 new exhibitors had already been secured, while in Louth. There were about 400,000 rural some former exhibitors who had withdrawn houses, needing an extra 75,000 miles of lines earlier in the war were now reinstating their and 10,000 new transformers. At present there exhibits; furthermore, the prospects of obtaining irbing * were only 3,840 miles of network, and 2,000 the support of other manufacturers in the near citen® « transformers. future were distinctly promising. 248 Electrical Review February 1 6 , 1 9 4 5
Monday, February 26th.— London. Institu Forthcoming Events tion of Electrical Engineers, 5.30 p.m. Informal Saturday, February 17th.— Swansea.— Guild discussion on “ Location of Industry, to be hall, 3 p.m. I.E.E. West Wales (Swansea) Sub- opened by D. B. W illiamson. Centre. “ Electrostatic Precipitation of Dust Birmingham.— James Watt Institute, 6 p.m. from Boiler Plant Flue Gases,” by J. Bruce. I.E.E. South Midland Centre Radio Group. “ Elementary Description of Some Molecular g Monday, February 19th.— Bradford.— Concepts of the Structure of Dielectrics,” by Technical College, 6.45 p.m. Bradford Engineer Dr. E. B. M oullin, M .A. ing Society. “ Removal of Scale and Deposits Newcastle-on-Tyne.— Neville Hall, 6.15 p.m. from Plant for Chemical Processes, and the I.E.E. North-Eastern Centre. ' Standardisation > Prevention of Scale Formation,” by P. H. and Design of Turbo-Alternators,” by G. A. Elood-Page, A.M.I.Mech.E. Juhlin. J Liverpool.— Royal Institution, Colquitt Street, Bristol.—Small Physics Lecture Theatre, ■- 5.30 p.m. I.E.E. Mersey and North Wales Centre. Bristol University. 5 p.m. I.E.E. Western “ Remote Switching by Superimposed Currents,” Centre Installations Group. Inaugural meeting. " by J. L. Carr, M.Sc. " Future of Domestic Wiring Installations,” by Birmingham.— Grand Hotel, 6 p.m. Birming Forbes Jackson and W. J. H. W ood (Part I) and ham Electric Club “ Brains Trust.” G. Smith and E. Jacobi (Part II). Tuesday, February 20th.— London.— Institu Tuesday, February 27th.— London.— At In tion of Electrical Engineers, 5.30 p.m. Radio stitution of Electrical Engineers, 6 p.m. Tele Section. Discussion on “ Aspects of Post- vision Society. “ Vertical v. Horizontal - War Valve Standardisation,” to be opened by Polarisation,” by Dr. H. P. Williams. A. H. Cooper, B.Sc. London.—At Institution of Mechanical En Luton.—Town Hall, 7.30 p.m. Luton Elec gineers, 5.30 p.m. Illuminating Engineering trical Society. “ Pulverised Fuel for Electric Society. “ Relationship between Interior Design Power Stations,” by R. A. W. Connor. in Building and Artificial Illumination,” by Stockport.—Mersey Hotel, 7.30 p.m. Dr. J. W. T. Walsh. Association of Supervising Electrical Engineers Cardiff.—South Wales Institute of Engineers, (Manchester Branch). Branch papers. 5 p.m. Same as February 26th (Bristol). Wednesday, February 21st.— London.— At Newcastle-on-Tyne.—Neville Hall, 6.30 p.m. Institution of Electrical Engineers, 2.30 p.m. I.E.E. North-Eastern Students’ Section. British Society for International Bibliography. Students' Lecture : “ Electrical Engineering ” Papers by E. M. Bennett, B.Sc., A.R.C.S., and Research,” by H. W. H. Warren. H. Rottenburg, M.A., M.I.E.E. Coventry.— Technical College, The Butts, 7 p.m. Association of Supervising Electrical Engineers (Coventry Branch). “ Commutator Distribution in London Motors,” by L. T. Cross, B.Sc., A.M.I.E.E. HE distribution of electricity in London, Nottingham.—Demonstration Theatre, Gas covering an area in which sixteen municipal Department, 2.30 p.m. I.E.E. East Midland councils and eight companies provide electricity, Sub-Centre. “ Design and Performance of is the subject of a paper which M r. E. H. Domestic Electrical Appliances,” by W. N. C. J e s ty read at a meeting of the Association of : Clinch and F. Lynn. Supervising Electrical Engineers on February ; 1 0 th. t Thursday, February 22nd.—Newton Abbot.— The first half is a brief survey of legislation ; Globe Hotel, Courtenay Street, 3 p.m. I.E.E. enacted on the subject. Referring to future Devon and Cornwall Sub-Centre. “ Reinforced possibilities, the author suggests the need for Concrete Transmission Line Supports,” by E..C. planned distribution areas of larger size than Neate and W. F. Bowling. the present autonomous districts according to Friday, February 23rd.— London.— At In his “ Plan for London ” which he outlined stitution of Electrical Engineers, 10 a.m. in an article in the Electrical Review o f August Institute of Fuel and National Smoke Abate 20 th, 1943. : ment Society. Joint conference on “ Atmo In the second part of the paper the author spheric Pollution.” comments on certain of the more notable stages London.— Room 19, Livingstone House, in technical development. He feels that a Broadway, S.W.l, 6.30 p.m. E.P.E.A. Southern bold policy of voltage standardisation is of Divisional Meter Engineers’ Group. “ Maxi supreme importance to future progress. In mum Demand Indicators,” by A. T. Bailey. some parts of London, covering 1,841 sq. miles, Newcastle-on-Tyne.—Old Assembly Rooms. load densities of 100,000 kVA per sq. mile I.E.E. North-Eastern Students’ annual dance. have been exceeded and substations have been Manchester.— Engineers’ Club, 6.30 p.m. so closely spaced as from 150 to 200 yards. Manchester Association of Engineers. “ Re Distribution costs, which varied in 1938 among claiming and Hardening of Components by the London undertakings from 0 03d. to 0-27d. Electro-deposition,” by H. Merryweather. per kWh sold, had not shown any tendency to Manchester. — At Engineers’ Club, 6 .p.m. tall immediately before the war although I.E.E. North-Western Centre Radio Group. continually expanding output might have led “ Television Broadcasting Practice in America, to some reduction being expected. During the 1927-44,” by D. G. Fink (to be read by Dr. ten years from 1921 to 1931 generating costs D. C. Espley). rose by 16 per cent, and distribution costs by 150 per cent., while consumption increased in Saturday, February 24th.— Bradford.— Great the same period by 2 0 0 per cent., in which Northern Victoria Hotel, 2.30 p.m. I.E.E. respects the high cost of oil-filled switchgear North Midland Students’ Section. Discussion on and the rating assessment of buildings necessary “ Frequency Modulation.” to house it have not been without influence. , February 16 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 2 4 9 Motor Starters Views of Manufacturers and Users N opening the discussion on motor starters together with other desirable features. Em at a meeting of the Installations Section of bedded thermostats controlling direct trips in I the Institution of Electrical Engineers on the starter provided the most satisfactory February 8th (M r . D. R u d d ' s paper on the protection against overheating; provision for subject was summarised in last week’s issue), withdrawable thermostats should be made. M r. J. G. K n o w l e s said it was the extent This method dispensed with ingenious devices of the problem and not the will to tackle it for providing against single-phasing and which made progress in standardisation elaborate arrangements for matching the appear slow. Regarding the suggestion that characteristics of thermal over-current trips control gear had been developed from and to the thermal condition of the motor. It restricted by circuit-breaker practice, he was impossible to attain such matching and doubted whether manufacturers would admit motors were too readily tripped. The real that parentage. Commenting on costs, he criterion was that the starter should be said there were several designs on the market capable of breaking the standstill current. of small multi-step starters which, did not In specifying the qualities of contact require “ automatic contactors ” on each materials, it was essential to distinguish step. Laminated brushes did not soften so between carrying and arcing requirements. easily in hot atmospheres if the copper was alloyed with a little silver and he pleaded for Contact Alloys the restraint of those conscientious main M r . S. H. P a r s o n a g e (Compound Electro- tenance men who filed up butt contacts when Metals, Ltd.) said the performance of they had done a little service. Many more tungsten-copper was much better than that contacts failed by being filed away than by of copper alone and for butt contacts was being worn away. Oil-immersed resistances more economical than silver-tungsten. De were very undesirable; for heat storage velopments in progress suggested that con capacity there was little to beat a good cast tacts would eventually be made of extruded iron grid. Too many interlocks were unde material, and he believed that in future small sirable. switchgear, particularly for machine tools, M r. J. R. S m it h , referring to built-in would incorporate a large number of contacts. types, asked whether there was any future M r . E . H . B. M a r t in (B.T.H.) said that for a composite motor and starter for indi for machines with commutators the solenoid vidual drive up to, say, 10 HP. While there relay still held a very important position. was a necessity for an overload setting of On the other hand, the squirrel cage motor 25 per cent, there was room for an improved would stand up to very heavy overloads for type of lag which would permit a lower relatively long periods and the solenoid type overload setting of, say, 10 per cent., which of relay had characteristics which did not was more in keeping with the overload match up with those of the motor at all. capacity of the present-day motor. The result had been the development of the thermal relay both in this country and the Rating of Fuses United States and most squirrel cage motors M r . C. H. L a st (Metropolitan-Vickers) depended on this for protection. In traction contended that the manufacturer was forced practice laminated brushes had been found by circumstances to produce a variety of practically useless and line-type contact was control gear and it was hardly possible to adopted in the tramway controller. There contemplate a serious reduction. As regarded had been a tendency to adopt tramway protection, there should be a fuse rating of practice for industrial work, especially for the order of three times the full load current heavy hand operated duties. Silver contacts of the machine. Single-phase protection was did not readily oxidise and needed a smaller not justified except, perhaps, for large spring pressure. machines which ran continuously in un M r . G. A. C o x (Watford Electric & attended situations. The use of reverse Manufacturing Co.) said that there was a current braking during the war had been fourth type of starter on the market with troublesome due to unskilled operators. multiple contacts. There had also been a M r . W . F . B a k e r (G.E.C.) expressed starter on the market for almost forty years disappointment that electronic motor control, with rubbing contacts, which worked very a major development, had been neglected. satisfactorily. Was it better to have the The operation of DC motors from AC lines starter and resistance in one container or as by means of suitable rectifiers had opened separate items ? Separation eliminated a up an entirely new field which engineers in considerable amount of heating. He urged America had been quick to explore. All the greater collaboration between makers of advantages of variable speed were obtainable motors and starters. 250 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w February 1 6 , 1 9 4 5
M r . L. B. S. G o l d s (Edmundsons) said great deal about this from reliable repair that to get over the single-phase problem the firms who had dealt with such equipment principle of unbalanced current had been under service conditions. Troubles due to adopted in a device developed by his com single-phasing, both on large and small pany. Three thermal elements were used motors, were invariably due to the up-grading co-axially in line, and were found to give of the overload trip. In many cases air- every satisfaction. break starters had been superseded by oil D r . E. H. N o r g r o v e (George Ellison) immersed starters for heavy duty work. thought that circuit-breaker design had not M r . A. M o r g a n asked for a switch which affected the design of starters and he could would not wear out, would resist abuse and not support the author’s curt dismissal of did not require maintenance. The mercury earth leakage protection as “ another com switch appeared to be the best means of plication.” And why should starter design securing these ends. in the future be based on the principle of The Author, in the course of a short reply, restricted rupturing capacity? He did not said he was sorry that the user’s point of feel enthusiastic about the system of tripping view had not been put more forcibly. In his out motors by means of thermostats in the view it was more important for the average windings and iron circuit; to be really starter to be able to start two or three times effective there would have to be too many followed by a relatively long cooling period thermostats, all in series. Contrary to the than to be able to start on a repeated cycle. author’s opinion, he had found that 70 per Although manufacturers did not make all cent, of breakdowns had been due not to types of enclosure, the fact that they were in single-phase running but to bearings, and the the specification invited users to inquire for bulk of the rest to the motor maker’s insist them. He would rather have a motor pro ence on building motors as highly effective tected against phase failure than against air filters. Switch-fuses should not be used overload. For the small motor he would be for motor starting. With built-in control satisfied with protection which gave complete gear in machine tools access was difficult. safety to the operator, and if anything more Proper maintenance was one of the most was required he would have phase protection. important things in regard to control gear. Speaking generally, he said the user was not M r . R . S h in n ie thought that trouble with concerned with the actual design of control bakelite mouldings in control gear had been gear but wanted a range of starters which, so due more to the works electrician than to the far as dimensions were concerned, were design. The manufacturer could learn a interchangeable. Highland Water Power Second Constructional Scheme CONSTRUCTIONAL Scheme No. 2 of the two after amplification by the waters discharged C' North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board, from the Grampian Electricity Supply Co.'s now published (2s. 6d. net from the Board’s Loch Rannoch and Tummel Bridge stations. Office, 16, Rothesay Terrace, Edinburgh) with Electricity is already available near Pitlochry the approval of the Electricity Commissioners, from the Grampian Co. and growing demands covers two projects, one in Perthshire and the can be met by bulk supplies from the Board, other in Ross and Cromarty. In the first, which will also provide bulk supplies to under termed the “ Tummel-Garry project,” the takings or supply electricity directly or indirectly installed capacity will be 150,000 kW and the for any new industries in its area. Technical annual output 293 million kWh. For the other, details o f the Tummel-Garry project are the the “ Gairloch project,” a station with an work of Mr. J. Guthrie Brown of Sir Alexander ultimate capacity of 3,000 kW for furnishing Gibb & Partners and Mr. J. Williamson, both local supplies is to be constructed on Kerry members of the technical panel of engineers River. The total capital cost is estimated at advising the Board. Those for Gairloch were £6,450,000. prepared by Sir William Halcrow, also a member The Tummel-Garry project comprises three of the panel. lochs each supplying water to a separate generat ing station. The upper (high-head) Errochty station, situated at the western end of Loch Smoke Abatement Tummel will receive water through a tunnel and " lf AJOR G. Lloyd George, Minister of Fuel pipe-line from a loch created by the construction ' and Power, is to open a joint conference of o f a dam in Glen Errochty. The middle (lower- the Institute of Fuel and the National Smoke head) Clunie station will be near the confluence Abatement Society in London on Februarv 23rd. of the Tummel and Garry rivers. The level of Subjects to be discussed will include “ A State Loch Tummel is to be raised about 17 ft. by ment of the Problem,” by Dr. G. M. B. Dobson, the building of a dam (with fish pass) across the F.R.S. (chairman, Atmospheric Pollution Re River Tummel near the station. The lower search Committee); “ The Effects on Civilisa station, Pitlochry, is to be incorporated in a tion of Atmospheric Pollution,” by Major S. F. dam (also with fish pass) constructed to form a Markham, M.P. ; “ Domestic Smoke,” by Mr. loch on River Tummel. The water from A. Blackie, M.A. (Fuel Research Station) - Errochty station will pass through the other and “ Railway Smoke,” by Mr. M. G. Bennett! February 16, 1945 Electrical Review 251 ELECTRICITY SUPPLY Birkenhead and Durham Sites. Bromley Raid Damage.
Birkenhead.— Site for Power Station.— The inspected a suggested alternative site for the Electricity Committee has been considering the station. This is said to be at Washington, about selection of a suitable site for the proposed six miles from Sunderland. new power station and has decided to state a Leeds.—Loan for Power Station Ex case to the Electricity Commissioners for the t e n s i o n s . —Application is being made by the acceptance of the offer of a site by Lever Bros., Electricity Committee for permission to borrow Ltd., at the southern end of the company’s £960,000 for the 1947 extensions at Kirkstall estate at Bromborough. The Committee has also power station. decided to include a clause in the contracts for Mansfield. — Prefabricated Houses. — It is the power station requiring 90 per cent, of the expected that a start will be made in May on men employed to be local. the erection of a hundred prefabricated houses Half of Each.—The Corporation Estates of the “ Orlit ” type. The dwellings will be Committee has decided that in half of the all-electric. temporary houses gas shall be installed for wash boiler and cooker and electricity for lighting and Oxford.—Debate on House Services.— immersion heater. Electricity is to be used in Temporary houses in Oxford are to have gas the remaining houses for all purposes. The cookers, refrigerators and wash boilers. The Ministry of Health is being asked to state the Housing Committee, making the recommenda type of refrigerator which will be supplied. tion, said that although there was little difference between gas and electricity as regards running Bromley.— W artime Experiences.— Because cost, with electricity tenants were likely to of its proximity to London, Bromley suffered be put to additional expense for kettles and considerably from enemy air-raids, and during saucepans, and it was further thought that gas the period 1939-44 bombs were dropped on the was a more flexible medium for cooking. The borough on 107 days. Probably the worst city engineer reported that the houses would be experience, however, was on the night of built on sites to be occupied by permanent April 16- 17th, 1941, when a concentrated attack houses and it would cause less disturbance if was made on the town and it was then that the gas mains were installed when the estates were electricity undertaking’s staff were subjected to being laid out. Alderman Dr. H. T. Gillett, their severest test. The borough electrical moving an amendment in favour of all-electric engineer (Mr. W. G. Trend), in a report to the houses, which was lost, said that with the Council, records that the gravest situation arose combination of gas and electricity the cost would at the main transformer station where an h.e. be something like 5s. a week while with electricity bomb exploded in adjoining premises, causing a alone it would average 3s. lOd. dangerous fire. The south wall of the station Paisley.— Increased Charges. —The Minister was fractured and a bank of heavy switchgear of Fuel and Power has sanctioned an increase in displaced, but the reconstruction of the roof, electricity charges as from the accounts for the carried out as an A.R.P. measure, saved at least quarter ending May 15th next. The charges half of the buildings from complete collapse were reduced in 1942 and will now largely revert and steel shutters prevented the fire spreading to the previous level, the lighting flat rate, for to the station, thereby saving plant and buildings example, going up from 4d. to 4^d. per kWh to the value of £150,000. Another bomb which and the domestic service tariff secondary rate fell near the main entrance to the station from 0 -5d. to 0-6d. fortunately failed to explode; had it done so there would have been serious casualties and Renfrewshire.—Electric Lighting Plans.— complete dislocation of the supply. As it was, The Second District Council of Renfrewshire all supplies, except in a few isolated cases, were proposes to convert the street lighting from gas restored by mid-day on April 17th. Mr. Trend to electricity in Potterhill, Elderslie, and Car- speaks of the devotion to duty of the staff when donald. Application is being made to the the raid was at its height and says that in spite Secretary of State for consent to borrow the of the fact that the houses of some had been money. seriously damaged not one failed to report at St. Austell.—E lectrically Equipped Houses. the normal time in the morning. —The Urban District Council is to have fifty prefabricated temporary bungalows and has Coventry.— Power Station Extensions.— The decided that these shall be equipped throughout Corporation Electricity Committee is seeking with electric lighting, cooker, refrigerator and sanction to borrow £54,391 for extensions at immersion heater. Longford power station. South Shields.—Retention of Power Station. Dover.— Fifty Years. —The electricity under —Recently the Town Council informed the taking completes fifty years’ operation in April Central Electricity Board of its intention to close and the Electricity Committee has decided to down its generating station at the end of this hold a luncheon to mark the occasion. year. The Board, however, has asked the Durham.—Inspection of A lternative Site.— Council not to dismantle or dispose of the It is reported that Mr. C. G. Morley New station in case it is needed for a limited period (Electricity Commissioner) and Mr. C. L. after the end of the year. Pepler (Ministry of Town and Country Planning), Conversion of Lighting. ■— The borough who conducted the recent inquiry into the electrical engineer has prepared revised plans proposal of the North Eastern Electric Supply and estimates for converting gas lamps to elec Co. to erect a station at Kepier, Durham, have tricity and providing automatic control for 2 5 2 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w February l b , i w
lamps. The cost will be £27,200. Revenue will Electricity Committee. The two authorities have be about £12,188 and expenditure annually will recently made a further request for r®.Pr®* ^ a" be £10,978, leaving a revenue surplus of £1,210. tion, with full voting powers, but Wimbledon Domestic Equipment.—The Town Council has adhered to its former decision. intends to install electric cookers and wash York.— Substation Extensions.— The Elec boilers in new houses. tricity Committee is seeking sanction to borrow Warrington.— Undertaking’s Rate Con £22,942 for extensions it Kingsway and Hunt t r i b u t i o n . —The Finance Committee has re ington, substations and transformers, etc. quested the Electricity Committee to contribute £ 1 0 ,0 0 0 to the relief of rates for the current year and a minimum of £10,000 for 1945-46. TRANSPORT Belfast.— M ore Trolley-buses.— The Trans West Bromwich.— Temporary Housing.— port Committee has decided to ask the Ministry The Council has decided that the first consign of War Transport to allocate to Belfast 100 six ment of temporary houses shall be all-electric. wheeled double-decked trolley-buses for 1946, Wimbledon.— Representation R e q u e st in addition to those already allocated for the Again Rejected. —Last year, by a majority of present year. Mr. R. Carlisle, acting general two votes, the Corporation decided not to manager, says that the tramway tracks on a allow the Malden, & Coombe and Merton & number of routes are nearing the end of their Morden Councils to be represented on its economic life. FINANCIAL SECTION Company News. Stock Exchange Activities. its net profit for 1944 was £772,307 and the Reports and Dividends report gives the corresponding figures for the Associated Electrical Industries, Ltd., has preceding years: 1943, £738,231; 1942, secured the consent of the Treasury to an £703,283; and 1941, £639,384. The ordinary increase of £1,363,000 in its authorised capital dividend for 1944 is unchanged at 6 per cent.; by the creation of that amount of 8 per cent. £ 1 £350,000 is allocated to depreciation and cumulative preference shares. The present renewals, £50,000 to deferred repairs, £75,000 capital is £5,161,950 in ordinary stock to plant renewals, £25,000 to war damage (£4,921,838 issued) and £1,333,050 in 8 per cent, reserve, £75,000 to contingencies reserve and cumulative preference stock (£1,307,642 issued), £5,000 to staff fund; £125,124 is carried for a total of £6,495,000 (£6,229,480 issued). The ward. Resumption of construction at the new necessary resolutions were to be placed before an Mexborough station was permitted in 1942 extraordinary meeting yesterday (Thursday.) and after many delays one set is now in opera It is proposed to offer the new shares to the tion. Directions have been given for the holders of the 7 per cent, cumulative preference extension of the Ferrybridge and Thornhill shares of the British Thomson-Houston Co., stations. Negotiations are in progress for an Ltd., in the proportion of ten new shares for issue of debentures. every eleven B.T.H. shares. Any share or fraction of a share which it is not possible to Power Securities Corporation, Ltd.—The gross exchange is to be acquired for cash on the profit for the past year was £113,375 as com basis of 36s. per share, This will complete pared with £113,632 for 1943. The ordinary the acquisition by the A.E.I. of the whole of the dividend is unchanged at 6 per cent, and capital of the companies constituting the group. £58,791 is carried forward (against £49,738). A The Isle of Thanet Electric Supply Co., Ltd., sum of £35,000 set aside for the nucleus of a is the first electricity supply company to take staff pension fund is not now required as a advantage of the lifting of the ban upon the nucleus has been made by Balfour, Beatty & C o.; publication of accounts by the issue of figures it is therefore transferred to reserve, increasing for the years 1941, 1942 and 1943. These this to £250,000. show that the revenue for the three years was A previously-circulated statement by the £53,442, £52,445 and £60,821 and generating chairman, Mr. W. Shearer, which was presented expenses, rates, etc., £52,099, £40,075 and at Wednesday’s annual meeting, mentioned that £39,635. After meeting sinking fund pay few opportunities had occurred during the year ments, debenture interest, etc., the deficits for dealing with capital issues and other financial were £20,890, £10,055 and £1,331, but in 1942 business. The principal activities had centred excess rates amounting to £10,564 were written upon the business of Balfour, Beatty & Co., back, resulting in a surplus of £509. The report which the Corporation owned and controlled. refers to the proposed purchase by the local During the last four years they had been authorities of the company’s undertaking and engaged on civil engineering works of great says that the price would include a sum equal magnitude for the Admiralty. They had participated in the construction of the “ Mul to the aggregate of all amounts by which the berry ” project. gross profits during the war have been less than the company’s share of the profits as scheduled The electrical construction department had in the Margate, Broadstairs and District been very fully occupied. Considerable exten Electricity Act, 1937. The directors are con sions to power stations in this country had been in progress and many miles of cables and fident that if for any reason the purchase is not transmission lines had been laid and erected. proceeded with the company will return to a Similar important works were being carried out satisfactory basis within a reasonable time. in various colonial and mandated territories The Yorkshire Power Co., Ltd., announces that During the last two years they had sent repre- February 16, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 45 CONTROL
VERITYS L t d . ASTON, BIRMINGHAM 6
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MARTINDALE ELECTRIC O? V? WESTMORLAND ROAD, LONDON, N.W.9
Phone : Colindale 8642-3 Grams : Commstones, Hyde, London 4 6 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w February 16, 1945
I This illustration shows a W . & G. Industrial Pattern Plastic Shade, size 8" x 6V', supplied in Translucent White and Opaque Green with i sprayed white interior.
W artim e leaflet SL.344, sent on request, shows Shades at present available. A wide and comprehensive range of Electrical Accessories is available to consumers for National Service.
WARD&GOLDSTONE Ltd. Pendleton. Manchester. 6 . ESTABLISHED OVER HALF A CENTURY February 16, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 253 sentatives on missions to various countries. Service and to carry on the business of radio They had been able to keep in touch with their and electrical engineers, etc. C. G. Witt, and friends in Iraq and negotiations were in progress Mrs. Dorothy E. Witt, both of 23, Norcot for a resumption of activities in that country. Road, Tilehurst, Reading, are the first directors. Given freedom to exercise initiative,- untram Registered office: 78a, Kings Road, Tilehurst, melled by inevitable wartime restrictions and Reading. controls, a great opportunity for the develop ment of electrical and civil engineering projects Companies’ Returns in various parts of the world was open to British enterprise, notwithstanding the fact that Statements of Capital powerful foreign competitors were in the field. Electroflo Meters Co., Ltd.—Capital, £21,000 The Calcutta Tramways Co., Ltd., has informed in 10s. shares. Return dated October 2nd, 1944. shareholders that negotiations are still pro All shares taken up. £11,000 paid. £10,000 ceeding with the Calcutta Corporation, which considered as paid. Mortgages and charges: has been told that if the company’s latest Nil. proposal is not accepted it does not consider Apex Construction, Ltd.—Capital, £100 in £1 itself bound by the notice of June 27th, 1944, shares. Return dated October 23rd, 1944. and remains in possession of its undertaking. 12 shares taken up. £12 paid. Mortgages and If the proposal is accepted and the company is charges: Nil. assured that the contract will be executed, it A. Anderson & Son (Electrical Engineers), Ltd. will be prepared to discuss the proposed trans —Capital, £3,000 in £1 shares. Return dated port board with the Corporation and the September 21st, 1944. All shares taken up. Bengal Government. £3,000 paid. Mortgages and charges : Nil. Electrical & Industrial Investments, Ltd., Electrical Wiring Investment Co., Ltd.— reports a gross revenue from interest of £55,221 for 1944 (against £54,585). The net revenue was Capital, £5,000 in £1 shares. Return dated July 26th, 1944. All shares taken up. £5,000 £21,882 (against £21,175) and after payment of paid. Mortgages and charges: Nil. the preference and preferred dividends, 12 per cent, (same) is to be paid on the deferred shares, West Cambrian Power Co., Ltd.— Capital, leaving £9,121 (against £8,675) to go to un £800,000 in £1 shares. Return dated July 31st divided profits. (filed August 14th, 1944). 690,000 shares issued and fully paid up. Mortgages and R. B. Pullin & Co., Ltd., have declared a final charges: Nil. dividend of 12-J- per cent., making 17^ per cent, for the eleven months to September 30th last, Electric Development & Securities Trust, Ltd. against 2 0 per cent, for the preceding twelve —Capital, £1,000,000 in £1 shares. Return months. dated August 22nd, 1944. All shares issued and fully paid up. Mortgages and charges : Nil. Mather & Platt, Ltd., from a net profit of £172,294 for 1944 (against £168,388), are paying Kalee, Ltd.—Capital, £79,246 in £1 shares a final ordinary dividend of 6 per cent., again (7,500 “ A ” preference, 61,250 “ B ” preference making 10 per cent, for the year. and 10,496 ordinary). Return dated November 10th. 6,215 “ A,” 61,250 “ B ” and 10,496 ordinary shares taken up. £20,695 paid. New Companies £57,266 considered as paid. Mortgages and Electric & Hardware Supplies, Ltd.—Private charges: Nil. company. Registered in Dublin January 31st. Capital, £5,000. Objects: To manufacture, Mortgages and Charges and deal in apparatus, plant, machinery Newport Electrical Co., Ltd.—Satisfaction to and accessories used in connection with the the extent of £400 on December 30th of deben generation and supply of electrical energy. Sub ture registered January 18th, 1930. scribers: K. P. Kelly, Hillsboro’, Lucan, Co. Dublin; and Carmel Leigh, 16, Parnell Road, Dissolution of Partnership Harolds Cross, Dublin, typist. F. J. Fisher, S. Phillips, J. S. Davis and W. G. E. S. Tanner, Ltd.—Private company. Watts, carrying on business as electrical engineers Registered February 1st. Capital, £1,000. and contractors at 97, Baker Street, London, Objects: To carry on the business of refrigera W.l, as Phillips & Co., have dissolved partner ting, cold storage and electrical engineers, etc. ship as from January 26th. Debts will be paid Directors: E. S. Tanner, address not stated; by F. J. Fisher, S. Phillips and J. S. Davis, who D. S. Kite, 10, Rom illy Crescent, Canton, will carry on the business. Cardiff; and L. Palmer, Erw’r Delyn, Sully Road, Penarth. Receiver Released Burts’ Electric & General Supplies, Ltd.— M. & W. (Radio & Electrical), Ltd.— H. L. Private company. Registered February 1st. Nixon of 18, Orchard Avenue, Cambridge, Capital, £400. Objects: To carry on the ceased to act as receiver and manager on business of wholesalers, importers and exporters of electrical and wireless goods, etc. F. Burt, January 24th, 1945. 5, West Street, Ilminster, Somerset, is the first director. Secretary: C. Burt. Bankruptcies Radio Trade Service (Reading), Ltd.—Private J. H. Etherington, electrical, wireless and cycle company. Registered January 31st. Capital, dealer, lately carrying on business at 6 , South £3,000. Objects: To acquire the business Road, Newhaven, Sussex.—Order made at carried on by C. G. and Dorothy E. Witt, at Lewes, January 8 th, suspending discharge for 78a, Kings Road, Reading, as Radio Trade twelve months. 254 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w February 16, 1945
making 100 per cent, over the past ten years. STOCKS AND SHARES International “ Tel. & Tel.” at 281 have put Tuesday Evening. on another $11. Cable & Wireless stocks TOCK Exchange prices keep very steady, hold their prices. A florin rise lifted General notwithstanding comparativequietude of Cables to 19s. Hopkinsons are easier at business. A view which meets general accep 74s. 3d. De la Rue escaped from the recent tance is that the end of the war is within sight, dullness which depressed the price to 91, and although at one moment this is regarded and at 9 $ the shares are -fa better on as a bull-point, and at another as a factor of the week. Midland Electric Manufacturing, uncertainty, the investment of money in 71, Westinghouse Brake, 77s., Walsall Con front-rank stocks and shares goes on without duits, 52s. 6d., and Strand Electrics, 11s. 6d., intermission. The first of the Elome Railway have hardened upon the steady pressure of dividends for 1944, that of the London Mid investment to accumulate industrials assumed land & Scottish, was at the same rate, 2 \ per to possess promising post-war prospects. cent., as that of the previous year, and Calcutta Trams rose 2s. upon the issue by aroused little interest. The London Trans the company of a long letter detailing the port Board and the Metropolitan Surplus progress of negotiations now under discussion Lands announcements come on Thursday in with the Calcutta Corporation. this week. Industrial ordinary shares hold Radio their prices with marked firmness. The complaint is common that money finds it Electric & Musical, E. K. Cole, Cossor and difficult to obtain profitable employment in other radio shares responded cheerfully to the stocks and shares. If there were a larger official announcement that £700 million will supply, business would expand in the indus be paid in gratuities and post-war credits to trial sections of the market. members of the Forces upon demobilisation. This statement gave a fillip to the prices of A.E.I. and B.T.H. shares in several companies which may be Associated Electrical Industries is offering expected to attract some of this money. ten of its 8 per cent, cumulative preference £1 Moreover, the nearer approach of peace fans shares in exchange for eleven 7 per cent. anew popular optimism relating to post-war British Thomsdn-Houston preference £1 television. Cossor rose to 33s. before revert shares. In order to do this, the A.E.I. ing to 32s. E.M.I. at 34s. 9d. have ^ rise to proposes to increase its capital by creating their credit, and E. K. Cole are equally better 1,363,000 8 per cent, preference. The A.E.I. at 41s. 3d. McMichael Radio advanced to was launched seventeen years ago, and has 8s. 6d. acquired all the shares and debentures of the Power Securities constituent companies with the exception of the 1£ million British Thomson-Houston 7 Power Securities Corporation holds its per cent, preference that it is now proposed to twenty-second annual general meeting this take over. The Treasury has given its week, and amongst many interesting items consent, and the shareholders’ meeting to in the chairman’s statement is his reference confirm the arrangement is to be held on to the construction of certain units of what is Thursday in this week. The exchange known as the “ Mulberry ” project. appears to have been worked out on an As already announced, the Power Securities equitable basis and the B.T.H. shareholders dividend is again to be 6 per cent, on the are not likely to cavil at the terms. All the ordinary shares, the same rate as has been B.T.H. ordinary shares are owned by Associ distributed since 1941, before which the ated Electrical Industries. The B.T.H. 7 dividends remained at 7 per cent, annually per cent, preference shares have risen Is. 3d. for some time. The Power Securities Cor to 36s. Associated Electrical 8 per cent, poration came into being twenty-three years preference are unchanged at 40s. ago, having been formed to carry on a general finance business, more especially in the Rises on Balance development of electrical and allied under Amongst the principal rises in the price takings. It owns all the shares of Balfour lists this week are 3s. 9d. in British Insulated Beatty & Co., and controls the Hydro- to 116s. 3d.; 2s. 6d. in Johnson & Phillips, Electric Development Co. and the Metro 78s. 6d.; and in Canadian Marconi 13s. The politan Construction Co. At the present last-named have again been in demand from price of 29s. 6d. the yield on the money Canadian sources, which apparently look for comes to a little over 4 per cent. an increase upon the last-declared dividend Electrical & Industrial of 4 cents per share. Callender’s strengthened to 116s. 3d. and the 1 \ per cent. “ B” Another general meeting to be held this preference to 37s. 6d. Brazilian Traction, on week is that of the Electrical & Industrial publication of excellent earnings, rose a point Investment Co., whose total net revenue, to 27. Thomas Tilling at 61s. 6d. are un £21,882, for the year 1944, was about £700 affected by the dividend of 10 per cent., (Continued on page 256) February 16, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 2 5 5 ELECTRICAL INVESTMENTS Prices, Dividends and Yields
D ividend M iddle D ividend M iddle Price Rise Yield Price Rise Yield C om pany P re Feb. or p.c. C om pany P re Feb. or p.c. v ious L a st 13 F all vious L a st 13 F all alsall Co' Home Electricity Ordinary Equipment and Manufacturing M s .d Bournemouth and £ s. d. £ s. d. 6 2 /- 4 16 9 PI®®,"' Poole m 124 63/6 3 19 1 A ron Elec. O rd. 10 15 British Power and Assoc. Brit. Eng. 6 7 53/9 9 12 0 als äst®. L ight 7 7 33/6 4 3 10 Assoc. Elec. : prospsj 10 57/3 3 10 0 City of London .. 7 5 ł 3 0 /- 3 13 4 O rd...... 10 ult issitü Clyde Valley 8 8 42/— 3 16 0 Pref. .. .. 8 8 40/— 4 0 0 toaiąjj County of London 8 8 45/- 3 11 1 AutomaticTel.&El. 121 121 65/3- 1 1 - 3 16 6 Edm undsons 6 6 3 2 /- . . 3 15 0 B abcock & W ilcox 11 11 52/6 4 3 10 Elec.Dis. Y orkshire 9 9 45/6 3 19 6 British Aluminium 10 10 4 6 /- 4 7 0 Elec. Fin. and Se British Insul. Ord. 20 20 + A 3 5 6 curities m 134 6 1 /- . . 4 8 6 B ritish T h e rm o stat Elec. Supply Cor (hi-) .. .. 18£ 184 20/9 4 9 0 ¡■COWS- poration . 1 10 10 51/- .. 318 6 British Vac. Cleaner iaiy ini Lancs. Light and (h/~) . . . .3 0 30 3 3 /- 4 11 0 J u l« ij Pow er 7* 74 37/6 4 0 0 Brush Ord. (5/-) 8 9 1 1 /- 4 1 6 IlCItOiS; Llanelly Elec. .. 6 6 2 8 /- 4 5 9 Burco (5/-) .. 15 15 16/- + 3d. 4 13 9 oottäll Lo nd. Assoc. E lectric 3 4 26/6 3 O 6 Callender’s .. 15 20 ro\} + 3 8 10 London Electric 6 6 3 1 /- . . 3 17 5 ChlorideElec.Storage 15 15 87/6 3 18 7 [hf nrii«pUwj Kn’ Metropolitan E.S. 8 8 44/6 3 12 0 Christy Bros. .. 12£ 1 7ł 77/6 4 10 2 iiCh B \|| 6 0 tłlif Midland Counties 8 8 41/6 317 0 Cole, E. K. (5/-) 15 20 41/3 2 wis mu». Mid. Elec. Power 9 9 44/6 4 1 0 Consolidated Signal 24 27¿ 6* 4 0 0 oí [ölt is Newcastle Elec. 7 7 3 2 /- . . 4 7 6 Cossor, A. C. (5/-) 7 p 10* 3 2 /- 1 11 4 'o post-n North Eastern Elec. 7 7 3 5 /- 4 0 0 Crabtree (10/-) .. 17£ 1 7 ł 44 /- 3 19 7 Wore re® Northampton .. 10 10 50/6 3 19 4 Crompton Parkinson Northmet Power 7 7 43/- + 6d. 3 5 0 3 i'tin sä O rd. (b/-) . . 20 224 34/6 3 5 Richmond Elec. 6 6 2 7 /- + 1 / - 4 9 0 De La Rue .. 35 40 9 $ • + 4 1 8 q o é te Scottish Power .. 8 8 40/6 3 19 0 E.M.I. (10/-) .. 6 8 34/9 ■+■ A 2 6 0 Southern Areas 5 5 2 3 /- 4 7 0 Elec. Construction 10 124 6 3 /- 3 19 4 South London .. 7 7 3 0 /- 4 13 4 Enfield Cable Ord. 12£ 124 63 /- 3 19 4 W est D evon 5 5 2 5 /- 4 0 0 English Electric 10 10 56/6 3 10 2 W est Glos. * ł 3 ł 25/— 2 16 0 Ericsson Tel. (5/-) 22* 20* 5 4 /- 1 15 9 bolds i: Yorkshire Elec... 8 8 4 3 /- . . 3 14 5 Ever Ready (5/-) 40 40 4 4 /- 4 11 0 2 Public Boards Falk Stadelmann 7.V 7 ł 34/9 4 6 Ferranti Pref. .. 7 7 31/9 4 8 2 esúng lía Central Electricity 1955-75 5 5 116 4 6 0 G .E .C . : ns reta P re f...... 6£ 64 34/6 3 15 4 1951-73 4* 44 106 4 5 0 so fito Ord...... 17£ 98/6 3 11 2 1963-93 H 3 ł 105 3 '6 8 174 L GeneralCable(5/-) 15 15 1 9 /-+ 2/- 3 19 0 1974-94 3* 3 ł 101 3 4 4 Greenwood&Batley 15 15 48/3 6 3 0 erSecunsí London Elec.Trans. 2* 2 ł 98 2 11 0 enL oí tá L ondon & H om e HallTeleph one(10/-)l 2 £ 124 31 /- 4 0 8 • 27/3 3 13 9 isto te Counties 1955-75 44 44 111 4 1 1 Henley’s (5/-) .. 20 20 4ł% Pref. .. 4* 4 ł 2 4 /-x d 3 15 0 which ib Lond.Pass.Trans.Bd. 122£ 3 13 6 H opkinsons . . 15 174 74/3 - 2 1 - 4 14 1 1. a*a; A 44 4 ł B 5 5 123£ 4 1 0 India Rubber Pref. 5i 54 24/— 4 11 9 míies f e . C 3 3 ł 69 4 14 2 In tl. C om bustion 30 324 7 ł 4 6 8 te t e s West Midlands Johnson & Phillips 15 15 78/6 + ł 3 16 6 oasiffi J.E.A. 1948-68 5 5 1064 4 14 0 LancashireDynamo 22£ 224 102/6 4 10 0 Laurence, Scott(5/-)12£ 124 13/9 — 6d 4 11 0 ly i! ib Companies Overseas Electricity London Elec. Wire 7£ 74 3 8 /- 3 19 0 ii nods- 6/3 —6d. Atlas Elec. N il N il — Mather & Platt.. 10 10 56/3 3 11 2 of Balfos 2 11 2 Calcutta Elec. .. 6* 6* 47/6 M etal In d u strie s (B ) 8 8 ł 4 7 /- 3 12 6 3 6 9 e Hydro- Cawnpore Elec... 10 7 42/— Met.Elec.CablePref. 5£ 5ł 21/3 5 3 6 3 6 /- 3 17 9 lie Me» E a st A frican Pow er 7 7 Mid. Elec. Mfg. .. 25 25 7 ł + is 3 9 1 5 28/— 3 11 5 e preses: Jerusalem Elec... 7 Murex .. .. 20 20 h-fg 3 18 9 5 10/6 4 15 3 ie mo«! Kalgoorlie (10/-) 5 Newman Ind. (2/-) 20 20 7/3 5 10 0 4 31/6 2 10 Madras Elec. N il 9 Phileo (2/-) .. — — 14/6 — 244 Montreal Power I ł I ł — Power Securities 6 6 29/6xd + ^ 4 1 4 10 37/6 5 6 8 Nigerian Elec. .. 8 Pye Deferred (5/-) 25 25 33/9 3 14 0 5* 38/— 2 12 8 PalestineElec.“ A’ ’ 5* R ansom e & M aries 20 20 87/6 4 11 4 6 7 13/— teld Itó ■ Perak Hydro-elec. — Revo 710/-I .. 174 174 4 4 /- — 6d. 3 19 7 6 23£ jdiis® Tokyo Elec. 6% 6 Reyrolle .. .. 12£ 12ł 72/6 3 9 0 reveo« VictoriaFallsPower 15 15 9 0 /- 3 7 7 6 2 6 /- 4 12 4 (Continued on next page) u t a WhitehaUInv.Pref. — * Dividends are paid free of Income Tax. 2 5 6 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w February 1 6 , 1 9 4 5
D ividend M iddle D iv id en d M iddle P rice R ise Y ield P ric e R ise Y ield . .o pany P re F eb. or p.c.Com C om pany P re F eb . or p.c. vious L a st 13 F all vious L a st 13 Fall
Equipment and Manufacturing ( Continued) £ s. d. £ s. d. Siemens Ord. .. 71 n 36/ - - 3 d . 4 3 4 Cape Elec. Trams 5 6 26/— 4 12 4 Strand Elec. (5/—) 10 121 11/6 -f 6d. 5 8 8 Lancs. Transport 10 10 4 9/— 4 1 8 S w itchgear & Cow Southern Rly. : a n s (5 /-) 20 20 20/9 4 16 7 5% Prefd. .. 5 5 771 - 1 6 9 2 T.C.C. (10/-) .. 5 71 2 5 /- 3 0 0 5% P re f. ' . . 5 5 1191 4 3 8 T.C . & M. .'. 10 10 5 8 /- 3 9 2 T . T illing 10 10 61/6 3 5 0 TelephoneMfg.(5/-) 9 9 1 2 /- 3 15 0 West Riding 10 10 4 9 /- 4 1 8 Thorn Elec. (5/-) 20 20 2 9 /- 3 9 0 Telegraph and Telephone Tube Investments 20 221 5 * — tV 4 2 10 Vactric (5/-) N il 221 17/3 -f 3d. 6 10 6 Anglo-Am. Tel. : Veritys (5/-) 71 n 9 /- — 6d. 4 3 4 P ref. 6 .6 125 4 16 0 WalsallConduits(4/-)55 55 5 3 /- + 6d. 4 3 0 D ef...... H 11 30 5 0 0 W ard & Goldstone A nglo-Portug uese 8 8 27/6 5 16 4 (5 /-) 20 20 30/6 3 5 8 Cable & Wireless : WestinghouseBrake 14 14 7 7 /- + 1/“ 3 12 8 5*% Pref. .. 51 51 118 4 13 3 West, Allen (5/-) 7* 8/9 4 5 9 O rd ...... 4 4 841 4 14 8 CanadianMarconiSl Nil 4cts. 1 3 /- + 2 /6 — Traction and Transport Globe Tel. & Tel. : Anglo-Arg. Trans. O rd ...... 81* 5* 4 1 /- — 6d. 2 8 2 First Pref. (£5) Nil N il 2/6 —• P ref. 6 6 3 1 /- 3 17 5 4 % In c . N il N il 6* — G re a t N o rth e rn Tel, Brit. Elec. Traction (£10) Nil Nil 29 — Def. O rd. 45 45 1205 3 15 0 Inter. Tel. & Tel. N il N il 281 + 1 1 — Pref. Ord. 8 8 190 4 4 3 Marconi-Marine.. n 71 34/6 4 7 0 Bristol Trams .. 10 10 5 7 /- 3 10 2 Oriental Tel. Ord. 4 4 5 0 /- — Brazil Traction .. i f 2 27 + 1 7 8 2 Telephone Props. N il 6 20/- 6 0 0 Calcutta Trams 61 n 67/6 + 2 /- 2 4 4 Tele. Rentals (5/-) 10 10 12/3 4 1 8 * Dividends are paid free of Income Tax.
Stocks and Shares{Continuedfrompage 254) more especially at the conclusion of the war. At the present price of 34s. 6d., the yield greater than that of the previous twelve on the money, £4 7s. per cent., hints at the month. Dividends on the company’s stocks expectation that the distribution will be are subject to a few pence in the £ Dominion advanced as soon as the occasion permits. income tax relief. The investments at or Meanwhile, pending post-war developments, below cost stand at £607,709, the directors investment is content to keep the shares as a being satisfied that this is an under-valuation at current market prices. The deferred security which promises improved results in years to come. The company holds an ordinary dividend is again 12 per cent. The exclusive licence from Marconi’s Wireless preferred ordinary receives the regular 7 per cent, and the price of these shares is 23s. Telegraph Co. for all maritime purposes middle. Some of the preferred, and nine- throughout the world, except in the United States and a few other countries. tenths of the deferred stock are held by the British Electric Traction Co. Palestine Preference Marconi Marine Several moderate lines of preference shares In March or April there will be forth in the electricity supply group have recently coming the final dividend for the year 1944 come to market, amongst them being 5,000 from the Marconi International Marine Palestine Electric 4\ per cent, redeemable Communication Co. For years past the preference shares which can be bought at company has paid a regular 1 \ per cent, per 20s. 9d., January and July dividends, to give annum. For the year ended 1938 an extra £4 6s. 9d. per cent. The dividend service bonus o f 2 i per cent, was added, earnings requires £21,690 per annum and in the last that year having been especially good. For published accounts there was £486,000 the year which ended last December, the available to meet it. The shares are redeem usual interim dividend of 2 \ per cent, was able by 1964 by purchase up to, or drawings paid, less tax at 9s. lOd. in the £. At the at 20s. 6d.: also at any time up to 1950 at a general meeting last May, the chairman men guinea and thereafter at 20s. 6d. A similar tioned that the company’s financial position line of the same company’s 4£ per cent, had been maintained throughout the year, second redeemable preference has been on and its contribution to the war effort increased. offer at 20s. 3d., January and July dividends, He added significantly that the manage returning £4 8s. 9d. The annual dividend ment and officials of the company constantly requirement of £11,250 was covered many had in mind requirements for civil aviation times over by the profits last year. February 16, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 257
n e w p a t e n t s Electrical Specifications Recently Published
The numbers under which the specifications will be A. B. Mudie.—“ Electrical circuit-breakers or printed and abridged are given in parentheses. switches.” 12641. August 5th, 1943. (567089.) Copies o f any specification (Is. each) may be Mullard Radio Valve Co., Ltd., and H. J. L. obtained from the Patent Office, 25, Southampton Herne.—“ Electron-discharge tubes.” 7414. Buildings, London, W.C.2. May 10th, 1943. (567111.) UTOMATIC Telephone & Electric Co., R. F. Oxley.—“ Variable electric condensers.” A Ltd., and E. Frydman.—“ Thermal switch 9729. June 17th, 1943. (566986.) ing devices.” 12065. July 24th, 1943. (567123.) Philco Radio & Television Corporation.— Automatic Telephone & Electric Co., Ltd., “ Frequency control system.” 10771/43. July and L. J. Murray.— “ Telephone or like signal 2nd, 1942. (566987.) ling systems.” 11836. July 21st, 1943. (567049.) Philips Lamps, Ltd., and C. W. V. Davis.— Babcock & Wilcox, Ltd.—“ Construction and “ Magnetic separators.” 1095. January 21st, operation of tubulous vapour generating and 1943. (Addition to 527771.) (567064.) superheating units.” 9095/43. July 15th, 1942. Plessey Co., Ltd.—“ Variable resistance (567078.) devices.” 11704/43. November 12th, 1942. Babcock & Wilcox, Ltd., and A. S. Boles.— (567017.) “ Means for regulating pressure drop.” 10481. Radio Transmission Equipment, Ltd., and June 29th, 1943. (567118.) C. E. Payne.—“ Continuously variable induc Bell Punch Co., Ltd., and R. Milburn.— tances and the like.” 100074. June 22nd,1943. “ Electric impulse-recording installations and (567080.) circuit arrangements for use therewith.” 7458. Siemens Bros. & Co., Ltd., and G. W. May 11th, 1943. (567112.) Sutton.—“ Telephone instruments.” 13522. F. Bradbury.—“ Electric clocks.” 6738. August 19th, 1943. (567026.) April 28th, 1943. (567006.) Siemens-Schuckert (Great Britain), Ltd., British Thom son-Houston Co., Ltd.;— W. R. Turner and S. Flax.—“ Rotary power- “ Thermally-responsive electric protective de operated drilling machines.” 112850. August vices.” 11868/43. July 21st, 1942. (567019.) 9th, 1943. (567024.) “ Control of electric motors.” 12700/43. August Standard Telephones & Cables, Ltd.—“ Low 6th, 1942. (Addition to 526750.) (567023.) impedance oscillator.” 11581/43. July 20th, “ Insulated coils and methods of making same.” 1942. (567083.) 17415/43. October 22nd, 1942. (567030.) Standard Telephones & Cables, Ltd., and “ Control of electric discharge lamps.” 2198/43. H. Bullas.—“ Connections for electric cables.” February 12th, 1942. (567041.) 9659. July 10th, 1942. (567036.) British Thom son-H ouston Co., Ltd., and Standard Telephones & Cables, Ltd., and C. A. Mason.—“ Film sound reproducing.” E. A. Richards.—“ Metal rectifiers for electric 4045. March 12th, 1943. (567104.) currents.” 11554. July 15th, 1943. (567016.) British Thom son-H ouston Co., Ltd., and Standard Telephones & Cables, Ltd., E. A. W. L. Wise.—“ Electric switches suitable for Richards and L. J. Ellison.—“ Metal rectifiers controlling a plurality of circuits.” 11419. for electric currents.” 11533. July 15th, 1943. July 14th, 1943. (566989.) (567015.) Concordia Electric Safety Lamp Co., Ltd., J. G. Staffer & Co., Ltd., and J. G. Staffer.—• and C. C. Bleach.— “ Miners’ and like lam ps.” “ Electricswitch-fuses.” 12440. July 30th, 1943. 11965. July 22nd, 1943. (567085.) (567022.) F. B. Dehn. (Chicago Flexible Shaft Co.).— B. Taylor.—“ Electric welding machines.” “ Electrically heated sad-irons.” 2806. March 11802. July 20th, 1943. (567048.) 3rd, 1942. (567034.) Westinghouse Brake & Signal Co., Ltd.—• English Electric Co., Ltd., P. L. Mardis and “ Code-operated electric remote-control F. Wilson.—“ Sliding type current collecting systems.” 3124/40. March 25th, 1939. (567032.) trollies.” 15627. September 23rd, 1943. E. L. C. White, G. S. P. Scantlebury and (567060.) R. T. Clayden.—“ Electrical switching circuits Furzehill Laboratories, Ltd., F. R. Milson incorporating electron-discharge valves.” 10093. and S. Smith & Sons (England), Ltd..—“ Multi June 22nd, 1943. (567011.) stage thermionic valve amplifiers.” 12235. Sir H. E. Yarrow.—“ Superheaters for water- July 27th, 1943. (567021.) tube boilers.” 8561. May 28th, 1943. (567115.) General Electric Co., Ltd., A. Abbott, C. J. O. Amended Specification Garrard and E. Friedlander.— “ Over-speed protection and speed regulation of power 556618. A. Reyrolle & Co., Ltd., and others. systems.” Cognate applications 12116/43 and —“ Electric fuse elements.” 15981/43. July 26th, 1943. (566992.) C. L. Heimann.—“ Means for effecting electrical connection to revolving bandstands and the like.” 8689. May 31st, 1943. (566985,) TRADE MARKS W. T. Henley’s Telegraph Works Co., Ltd., HE following application has been made for and W. F. O. Pollett.— “ Manufacture of in T a trade mark. Objections may be entered sulated electric conductors.” 11067. July 7th, within a month from February 7th:— 1943. (567014.) M ardrive. No. 630,978, Class 7. Electric Igranic Electric Co., Ltd., and S. R. Wright.—- motors (not for land vehicles), and clutches. “ Electrical coils.” 7559. May 12th, 1943. Marine Engineering Co. (Stockport), Ltd., 14, (567074.) Bulkeley Street, Edgeley, Stockport, Ches. 258 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w February 1 6 , 1 9 4 5 CONTRACT INFORMATION Accepted Tenders and Prospective Electrical Work Contracts Open Contracts in Prospect Where “ Contracts Open ” are advertised in our Particulars o f new works and building schemes for “ Official Notices ” section the date of the issue the use of electrical installation contractors and is given in parentheses. traders. Publication in this section is no guarantee that electrical work is definitely included. Alleged Australia.—March 7th. 44,000-V switchgear inaccuracies should be reported to the Editors. (Spec. 384). City Electric Light Co., Ltd., Boundary Street, Brisbane (£2 2s.). Aberdeen.— Rebuilding Palace Hotel, damaged March 21st. Victorian State Electricity by fire in 1941; architect,L. N.E.R. Company, Commission. Paper and varnished cambric Edinburgh. insulated cable (Spec. 44-45/41). April 4th. Chesterton.—Additions to works; J. Brittain Electrical switchboard indicating and recording & Son (Eng.), Ltd., Dragon Square, Chesterton, instruments (Spec. 44-45/25). July 4th. 40,000- Staffs. kVA synchronous condenser (Spec. 45-46/1). March 26th. P.M.G.’s Department. In Coventry.—Extensions to Technical College; duction coils (Sch. C4592). April 3rd. Auto D. E. E. Gibson, city architect. matic telephone switchboard and associated Durham.—Central kitchens at New Brance- automatic trunk ticketing equipment and/or peth; county school architect, 34, Old Elvet, associated voice-frequency signalling equip Durham. ment (Sch. C4608). Finchale (Co. Durham).— Extensions to Sir Belfast.— March 6 th. Electricity Department. John Priestman Hospital for the Disabled; Materials including feeder and section pillars, W. and T. R. Milburn, architects, 17, Fawcett armourclad compound-filled 6,600-V switch Street, Sunderland. gear, meters and instrument transformers, I.v. Lancaster.—Community centre, Ridge Lane fuse units, cut-outs, joint boxes, cables, lamps, housing site; F. Hill, city engineer, Town Hall. switch tripping batteries and charging equip ments, etc. (February 9th.) Leicestershire.—Dining room and kitchen. South Charnwood, for school meals service Chesterfield.— March 1st. Electricity Depart (£2,700); E. G. Fowler, county education ment. One 500-kVA., 6,600/415-V, outdoor architect, Grey Friars, Leicester. transformer. (See this issue.) Manchester.—Office, workshop, etc., Burton Leeds.—February 20th. Education Com Road, Withington; R. Martin, architect, 90, mittee. Repairs and maintenance work at school Deansgate, Manchester, 3. buildings, in the trades of electrician and heating engineer. G. Guest, director of education. Market Bosworth.—Works; Churchill, Ltd., tool manufacturers, Quinton Road, Coventry. Manchester.—February 19th. Public Health Committee. Three motor-driven hydro extrac Norwich.—Kitchen and canteen (£2,300), tors. City architect, Town Hall (£1 Is.). Blyth School; borough surveyor, City Hall. March 1st. Electricity Department. Four Nottinghamshire.— Mental hospital additions; outdoor-type substation kiosks and switchgear. (£180,000); county architect, Nottingham. (February 9th.) Rochdale.—Additions to Infirmary; P. G. Shipley.—March 2nd. Electricity Depart Fairhurst, architect, Chancery Chambers, 55, ment. Supply and delivery of paper insulated Brown Street, Manchester, 2. cables for twelve months. (See this issue.) Romford.—Proposed new senior school, Tynemouth.—February 24th. Town Council. Mercury Gardens; C. G. Alderton, borough Electric lamps for the year ending March 31st, engineer, Town Hall. 1946. Borough surveyor, 19-20, Howard Salford.—Works additions, Suffolk Street, Street, North Shields. Pendleton; A. Locket & Co., Ltd. Smethwick.—Substation, pump house, etc., Orders Placed Spon Lane; Chance Bros., Ltd. Leeds. — Electricity Committee. Recom Southend-on-Sea.—Reinstatement of tuber mended. Extensions at Kirkstall power station: culosis unit, Municipal Hospital; R. G. Baxter, Three boilers and pulverising and ash handling borough engineer. plant (£879,591).—International Combustion. Southport.—Reconstruction of offices, mess- Turbo-alternator and condensing plant room, etc., Canning Road, for Transport (£188,695).—British Thomson-Houston Co. Department; H. L. Bunting, borough surveyor, Cooling tower (£62,500).—Davenport Engineer Town Hall. ing Co. Completion of boiler house building South Shields.—Conversion of premises in (£26,505).—J. W. Shippen & Sons. Steelwork John Clay Street into factory (£4,500); Hender for boiler house (£14,260).—S. Butler & Co. son Bros., builders, Tyne Dock, South Shields. Notts.—Assistance Committee. Accepted. Rebuilding bomb-destroyed clothing store in Electrical work at Mansfield institution (£299).— King Street for Jacksons (Clothiers), Ltd.; Frederick Lamb, Ltd. E. M. Lawson, architect, Barras Buildings, Manchester.—E lec tricity Committee. Newcastle-on-Tyne. Accepted. Electrically driven travelling cranes. Warrington.—Works additions; J. Smeth- — Clyde Crane and Booth, Lanarkshire. urst & Son, brassfounders, Foundry Street. February 16, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 47
. . . arc distinctive in performance and design. Types for widely varied application and in all capacities for use with Automobiles, Telephone Systems, Electric Vehicles, Emergency
Lighting, and Fire Alarms are in continuous A Large 4-circuit heavy duty Ba«e»y production. Our advice and technical data service Charger, incorporating metal rectification
are freely at your disposal. W rite for list No. 1029. with improved cooling system. Output Rating: 3 Kilo Watts. F. (. HEAYBERD & CO. LTD. Head Office: 28, RUSSELL SQUARE, W.C.t. Telephone: Mus. 6412
■ w MAKE THE BEST 1 ^ ^ OF BOTH WORLDS HIGH CONDUCTIVITY £
Designers need no longer be limited by the poor mechanical strength of copper castings nor by the low con ductivities of the brasses and bronzes. , HIGH r STRENGTH The development of Mallory high con ductivity copper alloys makes available cast materials that retain the high MALLORY CASTINGS current-carrying capacity of copper and combine it with the strength and Fuller details of Mallory 3 and hardness of steel. Lighter, yet stronger castings are thus other Mallory alloys are given in our technical booklets which will possible for the current-carrying parts of switchgear, arc and be sent on request induction furnaces, resistance welding machines, transformers and other electrical equipment.
MALLORY METALLURGICAL PRODUCTS LIMITED An Associate Company of Johnson, Matthey & Co. Ltd. 78 Hatton Garden, London, E.C.I. Telephone: HOLborn 5027 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w
DURAWIRES & DURACABLES ARE NOT A WAR EMERGENCY SUBSTITUTE They are not a substitute at all in the sense in which this irritating word it generally used. DURAW IRES S ubuOute ANO DURACABLES have their own OUTSTANDING PROPERTIES and will play their part in building the New World as they arc helping to win the war.
DURATUBE & WIRE LTD. Telephone: FELtham 3332 & 3803 FAGGS ROAD, FELTHAM MIDDSX. McCLURE & WHITFIELD MERSEY DYNAMO WORKS, STOCKPORT Telephone : Telegrams : STOCKPORT 3653/4 "M O T O R S , STOCKPORT" MOTORS D.C. GEN E RATO RS
|l for COMPRESSORS CRANES HOISTS PUMP8 ‘MINOR* TEST SET MACHINE FOR INSULATION TESTING TOOLS, You could not have a more reliable or more con etc. venient test set than the “ Record Minor.” Made with the high “ Record ” precision, this compact LIGHTING SETS unit gives direct and dead accurate readings inde lor pendent of voltage variation. The case is of 8hips' Auxiliaries. reinforced bakelite, size x 3i" x 31", with Anodising and Plating. clear open scale 5,000 ohms to 20 megohms. M.G. Seta. Weight only 3 lb. Height allows full swing of handle. A free handle is fitted to prevent the London Office ¡ generator being turned in the reverse direction. Fulwood House, Fulwood Place RECORD ELECTRICAL CO. LTD. High Holborn, LONDON, W.C.I BROADHEATH ALTRINCHAM CHESHIRE Telephone : Telegrams : Tel.: Altrincham 3221)22. Grams: "Infusion," Altrincham HOLBORN 1594. "TRIBO RD, PHONE, L O N D O N “ London Office: 28, Victoria Street. S.W. I. February 16, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 4 9
tXPiAW A Tioy. N o t an apolocpi
No apologies for the “ catch" but a word about the hook. W e make hooks for all sorts of jobs but now adays we are far busier with copper conductors— bare electrical conductors for switchgear and similar products. Copper rod, commutator bars and strips in fine quality are made to manufacturers' instructions and our service is exceptional in these difficult times. Consult us also about high duty wrought phosphor bronze for bearings. ASTON CHAIN & HOOK CO. LTD. BROMFORD LANE, EROINGTON, BIRMINGHAM 24. Phone: ERDington 2235-6-7 Grams: Chainwork, Erdington.
If anyone could make a Blower, it must be Hoover Ltd. makers of the world’s best cleaner. Apparently the Government thought so too, for from the early days of the war they gave Hoover Ltd. contracts for Blowers — tens of thousands for a multiplicity of jobs. If Blowers enter into your post-war plans consult us now!
M a k e r s o f The W orld’s H O O V E R LTD* Tiest Q eaner PERIVALE ■ GREENFORD • MIDDLESEX 50 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w
/ y V MICA-ELEMENTS sei+ vce, Sc \/
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O tir Kelp in your new designs — w ith samples for experiment. >5 The ELECTRIC ELEMENTS Co. ( J o i n i NOTTINGHAM.
Springs and Presswork. (W ell Heat=treated.)
c f i c e e l YEARS ill PI Q uality to please. PRESSINGS
STAMPINGS «II o f a v o t t v y SPINNINGS Prices to satisfy. For 35 years this Company AH has been engaged in the production of Pressings, «ill THE TEMPERED SPRING CO. LTD. Stampings, Spinnings, Sheet Metal Work, Capstan and ATTERCLIFFE ROAD, SHEFFIELD 4 Automatic Work for the m ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY. Fully approved A.I.D.
TEMPERED II! FOR S E R V I C E '.»El On M.O.S., Admiralty and M.A.R. Lists »in, REGENT PLACE, BIRMINGHAM I February 16, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 51
Tririfcg on rnachinivui TURNING. T o obtain the best results TUFNOL , use sharp tools, high lightw eight I c THE ENGINEERS MATERIAL. NON- METALLIC. speeds and light cuts. H igh speed steel tools are recommended. Tools should be specially reserved for machining Tufnol. Grind and sharpen ordinary metal working tools in accordance with recommendations in the “ Manual on Machining Tufnol Overheating, dis coloration and “ burning ” are the result of incorrectly shaped or applied Information on all machin ing operations is contained tools. Back off the end piece before turn in our "Manual on Machining Tufnol ing “ banks” of washers, gear blanks, etc.
TUFNOL LI 2 P E R R Y 8 A R R B I R M I N G H A M 22B 143
Frames and Cases for Electrical Equipment
FEEDER PILLARS,
CUBICLE AND
TELEPHONE BOXES,
BUSBAR CHAMBERS,
CONNECTION BOXES,
INSTRUMENT PANELS
AIR DUCTSLTD. GREAT WEST ROAD, BRENTFORD 52 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w February 1 6 , 1 9 4 5
SWITCHBOARDS
‘For control of Low and Medium Pressure Power and Lighting Circuits. All the well-established Donovan features— large clearances, careful connections, cool running, easily replaceable fuses, robust construction— are standard practice in every switch board constructed.
H igh stability filter condensers o.ooi to 0.2, mfd. tolerance + o.5°/0 o r wider. Full details on request UNITED INSULATOR Co. Ltd., 12-22, Laystall St., E.C.1 THE DONOVAN ELECTRICAL C! I? ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS AND T e l: Terminus 7383 (5 lines) G ram s: Calanel, Smith, London BIRMINGHAM. 9 STOCKHOLDERS >*»/-SlfcM.o.o 2277 (P.|,X) turn-'Oomova», Bhukemm* THE PIONEERS OF LOW LOSS CERAMICS
FOR TRAM £ TROLLEY WORK FOR CABLE CONSTRUCTION £ REPAIR Ty n eTr u c k^Tr o u e y 1 ...... 1 t a iT D I FOR USE IN CHEMICAL FACTORIES 66/68 NORTHUMBERLAND NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE.I
P & B Insulating Tape retains its adhesiveness and offers permanent resistance to mechanical damage. It Is proof against water and the fumes of acids and alkalis. Supplied in rolls from ¥ width upwards. INSULATING As our industry is controlled our HAND-TRUCKS ability to execute orders is OF EVERY DESCRIPTION subject to the regulations im “ WEASEL” LIFTING TRUCKS TAPE posed by the M inistry of Works. WITH PLATFORMS THE RUBEROID CO. LTD. 92 Commonwealth House, New Oxford Street, W.C. I February 16, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 53
& - a x i a l n a p l a X l J e j i represents the very latest scientific achievements applied ^ to High-Frequency Engineering. We shall be pleased to offer a correctly designed cable to potential users of High- Frequency Equipment on receipt of answers to the following questions :
I. CHARACTERISTIC 2. CAPACITY 3. IF FOR TRANSMISSION IMPEDANCE. PER FOOT. STATE WATTAGE AND • FREQUENCY.
TENAPLAS LTD., 7 PARK LANE, LONDON, W .l
THE “ MOTORLITE” TRANSFORMER UNIT This low-voltage unit of maximum efficiency and safety incorporates a double-wound transformer (to B.S.S. 794) and double-pole switch with 4 fuses (2HT and 2LT) all mounted on a readily removable Gas Oven type door, the opening of which breaks both circuits. The HT Terminals have safety shields. Two spare fuses for each circuit are mounted In the case. Tw oorthree arm lamp brackets can be supplied at an extra cost. Each unit can be fitted with one or two Reyrolle sockets and plugs for the operation Made by THE CONCORDIA of hand lamps, TRANSFORMER CO. etc., etc. a subsidiary of THE CONCORDIA Standard rating- ELECTRIC SAFETY LAMP 60, 80 and 120 CO. LTD. V/A max. Volts 440, min. Volts 12 SOLE SALES AGENTS: ELCORDIA LIMITED A.I.D. APPROVED 2 Caxton Street, Westminster, London, S.W .I Telephone : ABBey 4264 5 4 E l c c t r ic a l R e v ie w February 16, 1945
S t a k e Y O U » claim now-others have'
W e are already discussing with a few wise manufacturers the part we shall play in their post-war schemes. These are firms w ho have k n o w n us in th e p ast and value our adaptability and reputation for tackling problems. If your post-war plans need dependable sources of supply of presswork, com ponents, welded assemblies, small machined parts and also things we have SUPPLIES AVAILABLE not previously manufactured, why not stake a claim on our services n o w , by for all kinds of Masking and admitting us to a confidential discussion Protection & Identification on your plans ? of Pipe Lines against orders supported by Government COMPONENTS Contract Numbers G ir d e x ASSEMBLIES
GIRDEX ENGINEERING COMPANY LIMITED WESTON LANE. TYSI.IIV. IHM I N C MAM, II
) CA1
We make Trans formers of many types up to 10 kVA for industrial pur poses. Supplied to all branches of the Services and built and tested under conditionsasgruel- ling as those pre vailing in opera tional areas, they represent the last word in reliability.
Send us your enqui rie s ; we may be able to help YOU. You can rely on Woden E q u ip m en t. February 16, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 55
V a c u u m Impregnation then let us give you the P ro c e s s benefit of ourpractical a ca u se e x p e rie n ce o f w o r r y ? C o n s u l t - GRIFFITHS BR0S.& CO.LONDON LTD PAINT. ENAMEL & INSULATING VARNISH SPECIALISTS MACKS ROAD, BERMONDSEY S.E.I6
_ F irst in tiie fie ld o fB ritish In sula tin g V arnish M anufacturers - ands till forem ost
a s k
A s h d o w n s
We make mouldings in any plastic Resistance bobbins and racks, wall-bracket arms, backplates, plug holders and discs, fixing plugs and material, thermo-setting or thermo rings, lamp-holder clamp nuts, shade rings and fixing rings, contactor pins, adaptor pins, spacers for re plastic. We also make laminated ceiver chassis and condensers, turning knobs, focusing mouldings. Our press capacity is knobs, locking knobs and changeover knobs, multiple tags for formers,panel bases andtops, socket-mounting from 10 to 1,500 tons, and here are panels and crystal panels, slug couplings, link boxes and covers, ignition coil caps, recognition lamp a few of the mouldings we make for mountings, conduit blocks, fuse-connection boxes the electrical industry: handles and covers.
ASHDOWNS LTD., ECCLESTON WORKS, ST. HELENS. LANCS TELEPHONE: ST. HELENS 320t 5 6 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w February 1 6 , 1 9 4 5
FaW ataW í )
INSULATED WIRES AND STRIP
COVERED WITH ENAMEL COTTON SILK VARNISH GLASS WRITE FOR DETAILS OF THESE NEW ENAMEL AND PAPER AND EFFICIENT TIN AND LABOUR SAVING DEVICES TO: Samples and Prices on Application MADE BY ERMA LIMITED HONG KONG WORKS F. D. SIMS LTD. EXHIBITION GROUNDS HAZELHURST WORKS, RAMS BOTTOM, LANCS WEMBLEY, MIDDLESEX ft PRODUCT OF AIRCRAFT-MARINE PRODUCTS INC, HARRISBURG, PA. Telegrams : Telephone : “ SIMS, RAMSBOTTOM ” RAMSBOTTOM 2213/4
IN5ULRTED IN5TRUMENT WlRE5 PLOIN E^ENRMELLED H.C. COPPER 5 TRRND 5
SCREEN I NCT& PROTECTION . ' X OF CABLES — * * * 2
PRANA' WOVEN WIRE ARMOURING"^ FLEXIBLE OURABLE ECONOMICAL V iL W rite for booklet to Dept. 52 SPARKLETS LIMITED LONDON, N. 18
BARBER & COLMAN LTD. MARSLAND ROAD ' BROOKLANDS MANCHESTER TEL. SALE 2277 (3 LINES)' CRAMS. "BARCOL" SALE E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w
Stocks available at all Crompton Depots
Full particulars from CROMPTON PARKINSON LIMITED, ELECTRA HOUSE, VICTORIA EMBANKMENT, LONDON. W.C.I, or Bnnchoi 58 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w February 1 6 , 1 9 4 5
DixitR-TtbTtH
For Electricians—An dispensable Safety Tool NO for detecting live DANGER wires. FO R THE Twelve supplied in OPERATOR each display box. —even if the Safe for voltages Indicator Lamp up to 750. should get broken Patent applied Deliveries for. From Stock These approved and certified LIST PRICE Conduits and Fittings are consistently reliable under the most arduous conditions of service. You can gpeclfy none better. HILDICK & HILDICK R p n i l ELECTRIC TOOL WALSALL TU8E WORKS V H b l t U MANFRG.CO.LTD. PLECK ROAD.WALSALL . WALVzfzj 123, HYDE ROAD, A RDW ICK,M AN CHESTER, 12. London Stores: 9 Howland Mews West, Howland St.. Wl. Phone: Museum 6225 TELEPHONE - ARDWICK 4 2 8 4
U P R A POWERFUL, ROBUST, SELF- ■ Ed SUSTAINING WINCH
M o p u m p
for general water service or for accelerating flow in low pressure heating systems; Robust unit con struction, no coupling, no baseplate, small space occupied.
R h o d e s , B r y d o n & y o u a t t Lt d .
Stockport England. MEK-ELEK Engineering Ltd. MPOCI 17 Western Road, Mitcham, Surrey February 16, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w
THE BRIGHTRAY SERIES OF ALLOYS for all resistance purposes
High Quality AVAILABLE IN GRADES SPECIALLY SUITED Uniformity TO INDIVIDUAL Reliability APPLICATIONS
HENRY WIGGIN & COMPANY LTD Grosvenor House, Park Lane, London, W .l
Ready to serve you again with our range of Electrical Accessories
Telephone : MUSEUM 4374-4375 BRITISH GENERAL MFG. Co. (1 9 4 1 ) Ltd. 11 CHARLOTTE STREET, LONDON, W.l 60 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w February 16, 1945
• • . V.
W R IT E FOR CATALOGUE E.R./llO AIIAÜTIIA ‘D irect-O -lite ' C.M.CHURCIIOUSE LTD.. .AS)!.» POLES ClARENDON WORKS.CLARENDON CROSS.LONDON.WIT. n « l r-d- ITD TYBURN RÇ ERDINETON Telephone PAUK 8617*8 lelegrawtst llTEFlTlNS NOTARCH rULES L_ BIRMINGHAM.24.
ELECTRICAL G r e lc o APPLI CES MULTI-PLUG ADAPTORS
ELEVEN TYPES
Fully illustrated descrip tive folder on application
3RELC0 Ltd.. Grelco Works. Hopcott. Minehead. Somerset
I HROUGHOUT the years of peace and war Dowsings have pursued a progressive policy in the BATTERYCHARGERS manufacture of all types of RECTIFYING EQUIPMENT electrical appliances, and look forward to producing TRANSFORMERS even more interesting equipment in the future. »(INDUSTRIES) / Z ± c i . II WILLIAMSON ST, DOWSING CO. B J LTD. W WOLVERHAMPTON Kangley Bridge Road, Lower Sydenham, S.E.26 February 16, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 61
INSTAL'INSULAR 1 f C v t i C f ih C re Æ £ i/our avdfTw t
Workers cannot be expected to give of their best with poor lighting. W h eth er in Factory or Office—if the lamp is not the best obtainable—output will fall.
Consult the makers of Insular Lamps if you have any lighting problems—we shall be glad to advise you. There is an Insular Lamp for every industrial —and domestic—need, exhaustively tested and fully guaranteed B.S.S. INSULAR ELECTRIC LAMP WORKS LTD 40-SQ N E W CLEVELAND STREET, HULL Telephone 33836-7 |
FOR IDENTIFICATION —of cables, wiring systems etc.. for sealing joints, masking and. of course, for packing. ELECTRIC SOLDERING MACHINE S E L L O T A P t gnres instan NEW IMPROVED MODEL, taneous adhesion without the addition of moisture or heat, and keeps out air. dust and damp. Easily stuck on. it will adhere to. yet pee5 off hard surfaces that will not take an ordinary adhesive. Whatever the job— get it taped’ with
FOR ELECTRICAL RADIO AND HBTRUMENT WORK
COB PACT, PRACTICAL AND GUARANTEED for the Complete with three differ Repetition Soldering and ent shaped Carbons, Contact 3razing of small parts. Cord and Clip, hand portable r Available in any Specially suitable for mass Soldering attachment. Foot width. Colours for production work. Switch and Triple Cored identification. Plain Main Cable for Power Plug. for transparency. ABSOLUTELY SHOCK National Soldering Fluid. PROOF, performs all kinds SELLOPROOF for Of H A R D a n d S O F T FOR A.C. CURRENT ONLY complete water proofing. SOLDERING cleanly, simply 200-250 Voles. 50-60 Cycles snd efficiently. Official Distributors : Dept. ERI Send for descriptive leaflet GORDON & GOTCH LTD. 75-9^Farringdon St., London E.C.
Available for essential requirements only 6 2 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w February 1 6 , 1 9 4 5
~ \ I SYNTHETIC RESIN LAMINATED PAPER
TEXOLEX
b r a ss I 1 S j * , COPPER 1 INSTRUMENT f r TUBES I X * DRAWN AND METER J ) SECTIONS BRASSES ***>SHEET FOR TO EVERY PRECISION TDAtYC
TUBES. w SHEETS. INSULATORS. EARLE BOURNE a C9L™ THE BUSHING CO. LTD. London BIRMINGHAM 18 hanchester HEBBURN-ON-TYNE
NON-FERROUS AUTOMATIC ' •' SAND CASTINGS VOLTAGE, AC. FEEDER In all non-ferrous SPEED AND OTHER metals REGULATORS triOH ite COX=WALKERS LTD. TRIONITE LTD. COXPAR DARLINGTON CLIFFE VALE, STOKE-ON-TRENT TELEPHONE 2171-2
BEVERLEY WORKS, AIWA STREET, BIRMINGHAM. 6
ALSO HOT STAMPINGS SPRINGS AND PRESSWOrK
Yours faithfully REDFERN STEVENS LTD February 16, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 63
THE HENLEY RESEARCH LABORATORIES have played an important part in the application of synthetic rubbers and plastics to cable requirements. Data accumulated by years of research, coupled with the results of numerous 'experiments and the experience gained from actual installations since the official authorisation of the use of synthetic materials, all contribute to our favour able position for future developments. MOLECULE, SMOW KG THE “ IWOUSfOW Of SiHGIE ATOM Of CHIORINE Xiit ca'iAq tkz cuVunt w. T HENLEY'S TELEGRAPH WORKS CO. LTD., MILTON COURT, WESTCOTT, DORKING, SURREY 6 4 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w February 16, 1945
w i u / u / i — u s ¿ n p e a c e —
at the service of the Empire
1
F iecti ¿pent¿on
S c h e m e s The design, construction and installation of electric lifts G.E.C. Electrification for all purposes formed, before the war, an important Schemes have been activity of the G.E.C. Installations of EXPRESS-S.M.S. applied to all industries, Lifts are used in commercial buildings, factories, including Aircraft hospitals, etc., and in ships in all parts of the world. Factories ; C hem ical W orks ; Collieries ; Food During the war the factories of the G.E.C., of which the Express Lift Co. Ltd. is a subsidiary, have been engaged Factories ; Gold Mines ; Iron, Steel and Copper wholly on war production. W orks ; Locomotive and Considerable technical advances of the utmost importance Railway Carriage and in lift design have, however, been made as a result of ever Wagon Works ; Motor changing requirements, and new equipment, standardized Car Works ; Ships and to a high degree, will be available to all concerned Shipyards; Textile with schemes of reconstruction. Mills, etc., etc.
THE GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. LTD., MAGNET HOUSE, KINGSWAY, LONDON, W.C.2 16, 1945 February E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 6 5 - * s r UGHTHEAT* POWER
$ . % * . . * 3
W IR E S T A P E S • RO D S for High Temperature Work in LAMPS, VALVES & ELECTRIC FURNACES
UAATITC UUIDC 0 0 1 TD 19 Queen anne’s gate. W estminster, s.w.i ■ HU MIL nine. v. L Telephone : Whitehall 2552
TIME TECHNICAL BOOKS H.B.E. SWITCHES ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS AND MEASURING INSTRUMENTS By E. W . Golding, M.Sc., A.M.I.E.E., A.I.E.E. This book has long been recognised as the leading w ork for studying and reference purposes, and it has been called “ an outstanding w ork at a very reasonable price." Third Edition. 21s. net W e can supply ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY certain models By H. C otton, M.B.E., D.Sc., A.M.I.E.E. The funda mental principles of electrical technology, both direct and alternate working, are thoroughly and lucidly from stock explained. Strongly recommended as a general reference book. Fifth Edition. 1 5 s . n e t for priority DICTIONARY OF ELECTRICAL TERMS By S. R. Roget, M.A. (Cantab.), A.M.Inst.C.E., etc. A purposes only. complete and up-to-date dictionary of electrical engi neering term s in the English language. The range covered includes electric light, power and traction, etc. Fourth Edition. 12s. 6d. net ELECTRIC WIRING TABLES By W . Perren Maycock, M.I.E.E., and F. Charles Raphael, M.I.E.E. A collection of original and carefully verified tables for electrical engineers. Waistcoat pocket size. Seventh Edition. 3 s . 6 d . n e t
N.B. Paper rationing means a shortage of books.
PITMAN HOUSE, PARKER ST., KINGSWAY, W.C.2 Phone : Albion Works, Bath BATH 7241 PITMAN a 66 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w February 1 6 , 1 9 4 5
The Turn of the Tide
DIM-OUT CHART FOR FEBRUARY
Reproduced from the Nautical Almanac by per ★ Times shown are those mistión of the Controller of H.M. Stationery Office for the London area.
It is in February that already month, however, blinds must be we feel the approach of spring. drawn for over 364 hours. Better weather is ahead, the dark Good lighting is still of the days of winter are receding. greatest importance in keeping up In the industrial field, February spirits and keeping down strain heralds the narrowing of the dim- and fatigue. Osram can do much out chart, but during the shortest to help.
THE WONDERFUL LAMP A dvr. of The General Electric Co. Ltd., Magnet House, King sway, London, HT.Cjl February 16, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w (Supplement) 6 7 ■CLASSIFIED advertisements is EM ENTS for insertion in the following REPLIES TO advertisements published under a J S sir 1SS4U£ are accepted up to First post on Box Number if not to be delivered to any particular S E 1 Dorset House, Stamford Street, London, firm or individual should be accompanied by instruc tions to this effect, addressed to the Manager of the THE CHARGE for advertisements in this section ELECTRICAL REVIEW. Letters of applicants in 1S. Une (approx. 8 words) per insertion, such cases cannot be returned to them. The name minimum 2 lines 4/-, or for display advertisements of an advertiser using a Box Number will not be u ln?^’ with a minimum of one inch. Where disclosed. All replies to Box Numbers should be 6 55y«rtisement includes a Box Number there is addressed to the Box Number in the advertisement, charge of 6d. for postage of replies. c/o ELECTRICAL REVIEW, Dorset House, Stam SITUATIONS WANTED. — Three insertions ford Street, London, S.E.l. Cheques and Postal under this heading can be obtained for the price of Orders should be made payable to ELECTRICAL two if ordered and prepaid with the first insertion. REVIEW LTD. and crossed. Original testimonials should not be sent with applications for employment.
OFFICIAL NOTICES MADRAS ELECTRIC TRAMWAYS (1904) LIMITED
TENDERS, ETC. 31 Kingston Road, Leatherhead, Surrey
SHIPLEY URBAN DISTRICT COUNCIL PPLICATIONS are invited from candidates for the Electricity Department A following appointments : — OPERATING ENGINEER, preferably with experience Tenders for Paper Insulated Cables in operation and maintenance. Salary, Rupees 1,200 (at present £90) per month. rpENDERS are invited for the supply and delivery of A Paper Insulated Cables for twelve months from the MAINTENANCE ENGINEER, to have charge of the 1st of April, 1945. maintenance of track, overhead and underground Tenderers must be the actual manufacturers of cables equipment and of rolling stock. Salary, Rupees 1,000 offered, and specification, conditions and form of ten d er (at present £75) per month. may be obtained from the undersigned. Tenders must be received on or before Friday, 2nd The appointments would be on a three years agreement, March, 1945. free passages to and from Madras would be provided, and NIGEL L. DUNCAN. the officers would, in addition to salary, receive free Electricity Works. Engineer and Manager. quarters or a house allowance in lieu of free quarters, Dockfleld. Shipley, Yorkshire. and a cost of living increment. A Staff Provident Fund 5th February, 1945. 1409 exists, to which both staff- TANTED. Lecturer in Electrical Engineering to teach T 3 EQUIRE the following staff and offer good prospects: - day and evening students for London External B.Sc. (Eng ) and for Ordinary and Higher National Certificates Male Clerical Assistant, with trade experience. in Electrical Engineering. Applicants must possess a Junior Female or Male Clerk, for general office -outine. University Degree or its equivalent, and have had indus SLOAN ELECTRICAL CO. LTD. trial experience. Salary will be in accordance with the Wholesale Electrical Distributors, B Form™ ^applicationwhich should be returned to the Albany Rd.. Prineini by the 9th March, may be obtained by sending Leyton, E.10. a stamped addressed envelope to the Director of Educa LEY. 5015/6/7. tion, C ity H all, N o rw ic h . 1411 1396 6 8 ( Supplem ent) E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w February 1 6 , 1 9 4 5 BOROUGH OF HOVE PPLICATIONS are invited for the post of Technice{P^irtc A Assistant to take charge of the Rural Electrification»^ g-g Electricity Department Section of the E.R.A. Applicants should be qualifief . Consult electrical engineers and must have experience of researq*^rvision work in agriculture and horticulture. Salary £600/£80 imZi A PPLICATIONS are invited for the position of p.a. according to qualifications and experience. Applies ;Lnae o Technical Assistant Engineer. tions should be addressed to the Secretary. British Elec- ,’r qrperri? Applicants must have had a sound technical education trical & Allied Industries Research Association, 15, Savo-' 3 and practical experience in the preparation of plans, Street. W.C.2. 142 estimates and specifications in connection with E.H.T. SSISTANT Technical Editors. An old-establishe; ^ f* Jess t and L.T. Distribution on Single, Three-phase and D.C. A company publishing and printing a number of book ,'.-taut Me networks, operating and maintaining of Substations and and journals dealing with trade and technical subjects an. igineers foi Change-over to A.C. supplies. hobbies has several vacancies for assistant editors, boo: _ with exp* Preference will be given to candidates holding an En editors and bookreaders. Applicants should have either Q of pow gineering Degree and/or Membership of the Institution good general engineering qualifications with journalist^ upon qaaiii of Electrical Engineers. tendencies or journalistic experience with engineering 2469XAi Salary in accordance with the N.J.B. Schedule. Grade 3. tendencies. Apply—Box 1406, c/o The Electrical R eview ^ idem Class F (at present £583 per annum). The appointment 1HIEF Superintendent (Radar Research). Application Vstionai Si will be subject to the provisions of the Local Govern CJ are invited for the post of Chief Superintendent in wd ment Superannuation Act of 1937, and the successful Government establishment concerned with the develop::^ KiflP8'3 candidate will be required to pass a medical examination. ment of Army Radar up to the stage at which equipment, rich sbru. Applications, stating age. qualifications, whether go to production, with research work connected wit” JinarT. is married or single, with details of scholastic, technical and Radar, and with the development of certain other spedr J. HanaM ■ practical training and experience, positions held, present equipments, including searchlights. The Chief Supe W: . position, when free to commence duties, accompanied intendent is technically and administratively responsibl -tfunitT by copies of recent testimonials, must be delivered to the for the efficient working of the establishment. Applicant gr *hr- ■ undersigned not later than Monday, February 26th, 1945. should have good educational qualifications, with a unive- r ’ezl&s :: F. S WARE RICK, sity degree and practical experience in research and desigi - ; Electricity Department. Engineer and Manager. They should also have experience in the planning an Hove Street. management of research and development and knowledge fcgk'r-' H ove, 3. of the electrical and radio industries. The normal salar .. 9th February, 1945. 1444 will be at the rate of £1,400 per annum, but a higher rat - would be considered in the case of an applicant with excei v-r r tional qualifications. Applicants should write, quotin. BOROUGH OF BEDFORD D.1082A, to the Ministry of Labour and National Service Appointments Department. Central (Technical and Scier Electricity Undertaking tific) Register. Room 5/17, Sardinia Street, Kingsway . London. W.C.2. for the necessary forms, which should t .A returned on or before 3rd March, 1945. 141 Junior Shift Engineer OUNTY Borough of Warrington, Electricity Depart- : C ment: Technical Assistant. Applicants must h a ; :: PPLICATIONS are invited for the position of Junior had experience of the operation and maintenance of V- A Shift Engineer at the Council’s Selected Generating modern selected generating station and of an undergroun S tatio n . % and overhead high and low tension distribution system. The salary will be in accordance with Grade 9, Class G. with modern substation equipment. Some sales developT: T7g-:- of the National Joint Board Schedule (at present £340 per ment and commercial experience will be an advantage annum ). Preference will be given to corporate members of tbv-l .7- Applications, stating age. giving particulars of training I.E.E. Salary in accordance with Class H. Grade 5. ct _ and experience, together with copies of recent testimonials, the N.J.B. Schedule, at present £564 p.a. for two yean should be forwarded to the undersigned, suitably endorsed, £573 p.a. for third and fourth years, rising to £584 p.s - . not later than Friday. March 2nd, 1945. after the fourth year. The appointment will be subjec ' P. G. CAMPLING. to the provisions of the Local Government Superannuate . Chief Engineer and General Act. 1937. and a satisfactory medical examination. als;n.l.Y 4< Electricity Offices, Manager. to termination by one month’s notice on either side y T 7 Prebend Street, Copies of not more than three testimonials are requested . 7 ; B edford. Canvassing, either directly or indirectly, will disqualify . 7. _ 9th February, 1945. 1439 Applicants should write, quoting D.1085XA, to the Minis , n ;Y try of Labour and National Service. Appointments Dept. - 7 - Central (T. & S.) Register. Room 5/17. Sardinia Street^ V 71 BOROUGH OF BEDFORD Kingsway. London. W.C.2. for the necessary forms, whicl should be returned completed on or before 28th February Electricity Undertaking 1945‘ 142 J LECTRICAL component manufacturers , in Scotland7 ~ : r Shift Charge Engineer E require (a) Works Statistician (Ref. Nq. 243M). witl_~ ~ — post-graduate course in theory of statistics, to compil3:{aJ®ar«: production and quality records giving control on sount— PPLICATIONS are invited for the position of Shift and statistical basis; (b) Experienced Light Current ano - 7 A Charge Engineer at the Council’s Selected Generating Radio Engineer (Ref. No. 13M). to qualify for a super-—; Ad S tatio n . visory post in test and inspection department; and (c:— - The salary will be in accordance with Grade 8. Class G. Time and Motion Study Engineers (Ref. No. 245M), fulljli'HL~• of the National Joint* Board Schedule (at present £420 trained in Bedaux or similar system. Salary (a) and (b: .- per annum). £6-£8 per week, (c) £7-£8 per week, according to qualificar-- - Applications, stating age. giving particulars of training tions and experience. Applications, in writing (no intern p7>*; and experience, together with copies of recent testimonials, views), stating date of birth, full details of qualification:: should be forwarded to the undersigned, suitably endorsed, and experience (including a list in chronological order not later than Friday, March 2nd. 1945. posts held), and quoting appropriate reference number -- ' . P. G. CAMPLING. should be addressed to the Ministry of Labour and Nationa.777- Chief Engineer and General Manager. Service, Appointments Office, 5, Rothesay Terrace. E din-\:_77‘ Electricity Offices. burgh. 3. • 1420^7?^ Prebend Street. Bedford. T^IRM of Consulting Engineers dealing with the design- 8th February. 1945. 1427 and supervision of large power stations at home and ¿4 abroad require a senior and highly qualified Mechanical; ^ \ y Engineer with specialised, up-to-date knowledge of the 1 ^ §, p LECTRICAL Sales Room Manager, or live man to design and operation of large steam turbines and/or boilers?- y E train as such, wanted for Bournemouth. Scope is for highly efficient steam cycles, to take charge of the all domestic appliances, including washing machines, department dealing with the specification and approval refrigerators, immersion heating, radio, vacuum cleaners, of such plant. Age preferably 40 to 45. Salary from-» etc., and rebuilt cleaners drawn from our own specialising £1.500 p.a. according to qualifications. Applicants should7 T- ] workshops. Saleable area 50 miles radius. Permanency write, quoting C.2467XA. to the Ministry of Labour and ; . YJ5- and progress to man of sales ability, electrical training, National Service, Appointments Department. CentraLT, ' 1”1 6’ and military exemption, with progressive firm. State (Technical and Scientific) Register. Room 5/17, Sardinia¿uARX v: experience, age. salary required, and enclose photograph S treet. K ingsw ay. L ondon. W .C .2. for th e necessary forms,feianicalLi if possible to—S. C. Rogers. Electrical Engineer, 552, w hich should be retu rn ed com pleted on o r before 26th ttfc to 1 Wimborne Rd., Winton. Bournemouth. 6766 1 February, 1945. 1415^ expe ^Ulectna February \ (,y 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w (Supplement) 6 9 ENIOR and Junior Estimators required, cable manu ■hired—BovE L? ^ l l oV pottuniw . - V ’eS a«IS State t rCQUire experience “ alm gcr^ and Ex,cel- salary S facturers and engineers. London area, good progressive WIRM of Con«;,']',' '■ ll,T h e E lectrical R eview . positions. State age, experience and salary required (in E and snueivU ™ r Engineers engaged the design confidence).—Box 1418, c/o The Electrical Review. 011 TORES Clerk required by electrical wholesalers. Good ,0 the Central trieiVV" «mbS .ot large power, statl?.ns S Hlnwins varan.m < vUl'> Boards programme have the knowledge of electrical material essential. Apply— London Electrical Company, 92. Blackfriars R d.,S.E.l. 25 S e e ? tS snner\4-n V,loir staff : A »esident Mechanical other itlanMn 1 ' instaliation of boiler, turbine rp H E Wholesale Fittings Co. Ltd.. 50-52, Commercial St.. iLtim v thp Qninrf 100.üÜ0-kW station now under eon- J- E.l (Tel. Bis. 4356) and London branches, wholesale f f will not hv i *i" ucl* "’hi depend upon qualiflca- electrical distributors, have vacancies for Storekeepers. KffiJT1 Ä L ^ i 111 £00° (reference No. C.2468XA). Office Staff and Counter Salesmen. Please apply above SJ?Hrni F n iriS }00^ical Engineers and Assistant address, any day between 11 and 1. 1344 Kptrical Lnginters for their London and Newcastle-upon- Tyne omces with experience in the design, specification uid construction of power station plant. The salary, which SITUATIONS WANTED will depend upon Qualifications, will not be less than £500 A DY^ERTISER, Chemical Engineer (27). B.Sc., 7 years* (reference N o. -469X A ). A pplicants should w rite, quoting experience in electrical industry on technical develop the appropriate reference number, to the Ministry of ment and production,*desires responsible position with wide Labour and National Service. Appointments Department. scope and good prospects. Special interest plastics and Central (Technical and Scientific) Register, Room 5/17. insulation.—Box 6703, c/o The Electrical Review. Sardinia Street. Kmgsway. London. W.C.2. for the neces A DVERTISER , desires change, either immediate or sary forms, which should be returned completed on or -^A- post-war ; complete charge of Commercial Inside Sales before 27th February. 1945. 1416 Organisation. Advertiser is capable of controlling large GENERAL Manager required by small but rapidly office, warehouse and despatch departments, and is pre VT progressing Wholesale Electrical Company. This is pared to take up position in either London or provinces. »splendid opportunity for an experienced youfrg man of Replies giving fullest details as to position and salary managerial ability w ho desires a position w ith a g reat offered.—Box 6769. c/o The Electrical Review. future and who realizes the post war prospects in the .M.I.E.E. requires post. 12 years mains assistaut large electrical trad e. R eply to — B ox 1142, c / o T he E lectrical A municipality. 6 years’ cable works experience. 1 year Review. in senior executive post, three years supervising cable- I EADING Manufacturers of Electrical Machinery in laying contracts, London preferred.—Box 6764, c/o The U East Anglia offer advancement to keen young engineer Electrical Review. in position of Departmental Superintendent (mechanical .M.I.E.E., with sound electrical, mechanical and ad ind electrical). Must be experienced in production of a A ministrative experience, requires change of position. wide range of industrial and marine electric motors and Work of national importance with prospects of permanency generators. A.C. an d D .C ., up to 1.000 h .p ., and A.C. desired. Experience covers installation and maintenance commutator motors. Good service and/or application O.H. and underground, E.H.V.. H.V. and M.V. distri experience desirable. P e rm a n e n t progressive position. bution. wiring of buildings, medium Diesel and small steam Salary £800-£1.000 p.a. Applicants should write, quoting engine driven generating plant, boilers and pumping equip C.2416XA, to the Ministry of Labour and National Service. ment. Age 32. Home or abroad. Write—Box 6745, c/o Appointments Department. Central (Technical and Scien The Electrical Review. tific) Register. Room 5/17. Sardinia Street. Ivingsway. .Sc.. age 38. designer of transformers, motors, rheostats, London. W.C.2. for the necessary forms, which should be B free.—Box 6735. c/o The Electrical Review. returned com pleted on or before 28 th F eb . 1945. 1412 X^LECTRICAL Engineer, age 26. having industrial and AYTERSEAS (India): Assistant Electrical Engineer for teaching experience, desires permanent, responsible ” Colliery Power House. Applicants must be fully and progressive position with Midland firm (would consider Q ualified electrical engineers with good experience of con other area). Advertiser is particularly interested in elec struction, erection a n d m aintenance of generating p lan t tronic industrial applications.—Box 6739, c/o The Elec and power house equipment; must also be capable of trical Review. taking complete charge of steam turbines, generating, LECTRICAL Engineer. M.I.E.E., age 55. 30 years’ power house and transmission equipment during the E experience (27 in Far East), retired from chief execu »bsence of chief engineer. Duration of engagement, foilr tive position with Colonial Government, now in temporary years. Age. early 30’s preferred. Married men are Government war post, seeks post-war employment; would eligible. Salary about £900 p.a.. with annual increments travel.—Box 1342, c/o The Electrical Review. of £45 p.a. Free furnished bungalow provided. First- LECTRICAL Engineer (28) desires post-war position rl&ss fares out and home, with six months* leave on two- E with wide scope and good prospects. Twelve years’ th ird s pay at end of agreement : also one month’s local practical experience in all types of breakdown work, in leave per annum. Applicants should write, quoting cluding maintenance and installation, also first-class arma D.1023XA. to the Ministry of Labour and National Ser ture winder. -B’ox 6747, c/o The Electrical Review. vice. Appointments Dept.. Central (T. and S.) Register. LECTRICAL Engineer (30) desires change. London Room 5/17, Sardinia Street. Ivingsway. London. W.C.2. E area preferred, but not essential. Now holding execu for the necessary forms, which should be returned com tive position covering estimating, layouts, installations and pleted on or before 22nd February. 1945. 1413 maintenance. Free one month after appointment.—Box DEQUTRED, one man as Meter Tester and Repairer. 6720. c/o The Electrical Review. JA" Must be experienced in repair of A.C. and D.C. meters TT'LECTRICAL Engineer, age 36. travelled widely, seeks and instruments, able to use potentiometer. Wages approx. position with engineering firm with view to establish £5 per week. Must be fit. Apply to the Manager. Employ ing agency abroad.—Box 6759. c/o The Electrical Review. ment Exchange. Aldershot, quoting 0/N.873. and state age LECTRO-Technician, specialist in auto-electric installa and full details of experience and present employer. 1428 E tions and accessories. 22 years' experience in charge of workshop, seeks position. Yorkshire preferred.—Box ESEARCH Engineer required immediately to organise 6743. c/o The Electrical Review. R1 and control laboratory and experimental department of progressive manufacturing company, situated in N.W. NGINEER. Grad. I.E.E.. with electrical and produc London area. The Company is concerned with the pro E tion experience, desires position as YVorks M anager duction and development of building and engineering or similar post in small firm.—Box 6705, c/o The Elec specialities of high priority both at present and for post trical Review. war requirements. Applicants should have wide experi NGINEER. Radio and Industrial Electronics, desires ence of mechanical and electrical engineering, knowledge E change, preferably highly technical sales appoint of organic chemistry and metallurgy an advantage. An ment. 13 years' training and experience. At present tech inventive ability would be an additional asset. Salary nical executive in communication instrument factory, staff from £800 per annum according to qualifications. Ap 700. Age 30. single. Salary £800.—Box 6724, c/o The plicants should write, quoting C.2462XA. to the Ministry Electrical Review. of Labour and National Service. Appointments Dept. X-R.E.M.E. officer (31). Grad. I.E.E.. seeks executive Central (T. and S.) Register. Room 5/17. Sardinia Street. E post in London district, thorough apprenticeship and Kingswav. London. W.C.2. for the necessary forms which experience in complicated circuit designs, switchgear, should be returned completed on or before 12th March. F.H.P. and larger motors, preparation of technical reports, 1945. 143 7 good organiser with initiative. Not less than £600 p.a. ALES Manager, with experience of electrical accessories Box 6762. c/o The Electrical Review. S and cables. Must have initiative and ideas. Give UALIFIED Production Engineer (39). experienced in full details.—Box 6768. c/o The Electrical Review. Q el. assemblv work. incl. winding technique and lamp ÜECRETARY wanted for small firm of Electrical and production, desires change of position offering post-war Ö Mpchanical Engineers, situated 15 miles north Charing prospects, preferably development of production methods, Cross Able to take complete charge of office. State tooling investigation, time and motion study, as assistant particulars, experience, and salary required.-Box 6749. to works manager. Good references. London area. Box c/o The Electrical Review. 6737. c/o The Electrical Review. 70 ( Supplement ) E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w February 16, 1945 rpECHXICAL Sales Engineer (50) wishes to represent GEORGE COHEN, SONS & CO. LTD, electrical manufactnrer in London and Southern Counties. Connection amongst Government depts.. supply for authorities- and trade.— Box 6765, c/o The Electrical R eview . GUARANTEED ELECTRICAL rPELEPHONE and Telegraph Engineer, married, ex- officer (49), wide experience home, abroad, survey, PLANT. constn.. mtc.. public and railway networks, installation, operating, mtc.. internal plant, auto. C.B.. railway train traffic control systems, administration above staffs, seeks M O T O R S , GENERATORS. appointment, home, abroad, railways or British communi cation company.—Box 1417. c/o The Electrical Review. SWrrCHGEAR. O Manufacturers of Electrical Products : Technical T Representative seeks change, sound connection in the etc. Midland counties amongst manufacturers, wholesalers, con tractors and large works. Previous experience cables, lamps, etc.—Box 6702. c/o The Electrical Review. WOOD LANE. LONDON. W.12. Electrical Engineer, with technical qualifica- tions and first-class practical training in manufac Telephone: Shepherds Bosh 2070 turing and management, wishes to obtain position of and responsibility and prospects.—Box 6760. c/o The Elec trical Review. STANNINGLEY. NEAR LEEDS. Telephone : Pndsey 2241. FOR SA LE Established 1834. Traders buying and setting hereunder must observe the Restriction of Resale Order, S. R. & O. 1942 N o. 958. 500 -cu. ft. ROBEY vertical twin-cylinder. two-stage. 0.ÍLT I water-cooled Air Compresor. 100 lbs. pressure, CITY OF BIRMINGHAM GAS DEPARTMENT direct coupled to 100-h.p. BRUCE PEEBLES S.R. Motor. r.¡s»=23 400 volts. 3-phase. 50 cycles. 360 r.p.m., with starter, ¿ • n é complete with auto unloader, inter cooler and receiver. 2JSI2C7 Windsor Street Works 350-cu. ft. EEAVELL Qnadruplex 4-cylinder, water- cooled Air Compressor. 120 lbs. pressqre. belt drive, com plete with auto unloader, air filter and receiver. HE Gas Committee offeT for rale Three Babcock & 230-cu. ft. INGEE SO LL-R AND horizontal, single- I J U - T Wilcox Water Tube Boilers, as follows: — cylinder, double acting Air Compressor. 100 lbs. pressure, complete with auto unloader, air receiver, belt drive No. 1. Installed 1918, double drum, heating surface 4.315 sq. ft., 210 tubes. Pressure 135 lb. per sq. in.. 210-cu- ft. HOLLAND / SLM rotary two-stage, water- run i evaporation 16.000 lb. per hour. cooled Air Compressor, 100 lbs. pressure, complete with No. 2. Installed 1919, single drum, heating surface auto unloader. air receiver, bedplate and couplings for 2.360 sq. ft.. 120 tubes. Pressure 135 lb. per sq. in.. motor drive. evaporation 9.000 lb. per hour. 210-cu. ft. HOLLAND/ SLM rotary, single-stage, water- No. 3. Installed 1923, single drum, heating surface cooled Compressor as above, 60 lbs. working pressure. 3.176 sq. ft.. 160 tubes, with integral superheater for 5-cu. ft. vertical, síngle-cylínder Air Compresor, for iw 120° Fah. Pressure 135 lb. per sq. in., evaporation engine starting. 300 lbs. working pressure, driven by 3- 12.000 lb. per hour. h.p. CROMPTON PARKINSON motor, 400 volts, 3-phase, 50 cycles. All the boilers are fitted with usual mountings of Hop- kinsons’ make. Nos. 1 and 2 can be viewed under steam. NEWMAN INDUSTRIES LIMITED, YATE. BRISTOL Ul 8 No. 3 has been dismantled, but is available for inspection. ______1447 All enquiries should be made to the undersigned. A. W. SMITH. ELECTRIC MOTORS ANO 0YNAM0S Gas Department. General Manager and Secretary. Council House. Birmingham. 1429 I V E hold m e of the largest stocks of New and Second- I hand Motors. Secondhand machines are thoroughly overhauled. Inspection and tests can be made at onr Works. IT!! J WATER TUBE BOILERS IN STOCK For Sale or H ire. Send your enquiries to :— Four 25.000 lbs. evaporation, 175 lbs. W.P. BRITANNIA MANUFACTURING CO. LTD.. Three 20.000 lbs. .. 175 lbs. KIUI One 15.000 lbs. 175 lbs. 22-23. BRITANNIA STREET, One 12.000 lbs. 175 lbs. CITY ROAD. LONDON. N.I. One 12.000 lbs. 200 lbs. Telephone: 5512-3 ClerkenwelL One 12.000 lbs. 160 lbs. 13 One 9/10.000 lbs. 200 lbs. We install complete, including brickwork. Economisers, MODI NSTAL ELECTRIC COMPANY LIMITED Pumps, Piping Valves. Generating Sets and Motors in INDUSTRIAL INFRA-RED APPARATUS FOR stock. Please send us your enquiries; we can give PAINT DRYING. immediate delivery. COMPLETE EQUIPMENTS OR SINGLE UNITS BURF0RD. TAYLOR & CO. LTD.. PROVIDED. Boiler Specialists. Middlesbrough. GUARANTEED HEAT GENERATORS. Telephone: Middlesbrough 2622. OLDHAM WORKS. OLDHAM TERRACE, ______32 ACTON, W.3, LONDON. Telephone: Acton 3504/5. CITY AND ROYAL BURGH OF EDINBURGH M.E.C APPARATUS, DULL EMITTER SYSTEM ______59 Electricity Department ECONOMISERS IN STOCK OR sale. 4 Lister Diesel Engine. 230 volts D.C.. TWO Green's Economisers. 208 tubes. 250 lbs. W .P. F Generating Sets, complete with Switchboards, all in new condition. Sets may be seen running by appoint Guaranteed re-insnrable and first-class condition only, ment and full particulars obtained from the Engineer and lew prices. Quotations per return. Installations delivered Manager. Corporation Electricity Department. Dewar and etected complete. Place. Edinburgh, to whom tenders must be delivered not later than Saturday. 10th March. 1945. BURF0RD. TAYLOR & CO. LTD., . Commercial Street, Middlesbrough. Telephone 2622. 9th February. 1945. 1446 65 February 16, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w {Supplement) 71 FOR SALE number of portable Alternating Lighting Sets, fully A guaranteed, for quick delivery, 3-5 kVA, 230/1/50.— Modern A.C. Geared Motor Units The Electroplant Co., Wembley. Middlesex. 1433 .C. and D.C. House Service Meters, all sizes, quarterly A and prepayment, reconditioned, guaranteed one year. Horizontal feet fixing. 400/440 volts. 3-phase. 50 cycles. Repairs and recalibrations.—The Victa Electrical Co., 47, Ball and roller bearings throughout. Battersea High Street. S.W .ll. Tel. Battersea 0780. 19 .C. and D.C. Motors, all sizes, large stocks, fully One 12 h.p., 1,450/500 r.p.m.. Squirrel Cage. A guaranteed.—Milo Engineering Works, Milo Road. One 12 h.p., 1,444/249 r.p.m., East Dulwich. S.E.22 (Fprest Hill 4422). 6463 One 12 h.p., 1.440/196 r.p.m., .C. and D.C. Welding Sets, 200 amps., petrol driven, One 12 h.p., 1,400/196 r.p.m., A direct coupled, from stock.—The Electroplant Co.. One 15 h.p., 1.440/720 r.p.m., W em bley. M iddx. , 14,32 One 15 h.p., 1,440/250 r.p.m., .C. Motors. 1 /50th h.p. to 10 h.p.. from stock. Also Two 15 h.p., 1.445/250 r.p.m.. A D.C.—The Johnson Engineering Co., 86, Great Port Four 20 h.p., 1.440/248 r.p.m.. land Street, London, W.l. Tel.: Museum 6373. .57 One 20 h.p., 1.400/250 r.p.m.. ERIAL Cables, all sizes quoted for; good deliveries Five 30 h.p., 1.445/250 r.p.m., A against Government contract numbers.—Edwardes (All above by English Electric.) Bros., 20. Blackfriars Road. London, S.E.l. 6750 A LTERNATOR. 500 kVA. 3-p.. 50 c.. 400/440 v.. 750 Four 35 h.p., 1.450/210 r.p.m., Slipring. revs., direct coupled exciter, 2 brgs.. on bedplate. (By Metropolitan-Vickers.) —Stewart Thomson T)HONE 98 Staines. 35-kW Crude Oil Set. 220 vo ; 35-kW Browett Steam Set. 220 vo. : 50-kW Hindley ARTICLES WANTED Steam Set. 440/220 vo.; 75-h.p. National Twin Diesel; ACCUMULATOR Plates (old) and lead Peroxide; as Three-throw Ramp Pump. 3£" x 6". 700 lbs. w.p.— actual smelters we pay top price. Also old storage Harry H. Gar dam k Co. Ltd.. Staines. 60 batteries, transformers and whole installations purchased. "PORCELAIN Insulators, various sizes in stock, galv. —Elton. Levy k Co. Ltd.. 18. St. Thomas Street. S.E.l. spindles.—Edwardes Bros.. 20. Blackfriars Road. Hop 2825-6. 39 London. S.E.l. 6755 O O IL Winding Machines wanted for essential work.— "PORTABLE Engine-driven Welding Sets, output 75 ^ Box 63. c/o The Electrical Review. -*- 350 amps., brand new. Government licence to pur TT'NAM ELL ED Copper Wire wanted. Please state quan- chase. delivery stock.—Gladiator Welder Sets Ltd.. 18. ^ tity, make, gauge and pnee. — Box 61. c/o The Leicester Road. Sale. Manchester. 49 Electrical Review. "P OTAR Y Converters in stock, all sizes; enquiries XCNGINEEEING Technical Books (new or secondhand) invited.—L"ni versai Electrical. 221. City Road. wanted in any quantity. Attractive cash offers. Call London. E.C.l. 16 —Third floor. 356. Oxford Street. W .l, or “ Stoneleigh.” OEVERAL Telescopic Tower Ladders ready forSt. essentialGeorge’s Avenue, Weybridge. 62 ^ work. Extensions. Trestles and Steps to order.— ERCURY (Quicksilver) wanted. Write for packing Shaftesbury Ladders Ltd.. 453. Katherine Road. E.7. M instructions. Gold. Silver and Platinum also pur Grangewood 3363. 15 chased.—Collingridge k Co. Ltd., Riverside Works. River QPECIAL line. Bell and Telephone Wires, also screened side Road. Watford (Tel. 5963). 20 ^ wires, large quantity, cheap.—Edwardes Bros.. 20. TURGENTLY required. Spark Test Unit. 10.000 kV; Blackfriars Road. London. S.E.l. 6756 ^ also 80-lbs. pressure Steam Vertical Boiler. 200 lbs. TAFF Time Checking and Job Costing Time Recorders per hour, and a Whetstone Bridge for copper resistance S (all makes) for quick cash sale. Exceptional con testing. All for Essential Works.—Box 1440. c/o The dition. Write — Box 528, Smiths. 100. Fleet Street. Electrical Review. London. E.C.4. 31 'YYrANTED for priority work. 3 Thermostats and 3 0 WITCH and Fuse Units. Conduits and fittings, works ’ Elements for Westinghouse Electric Flatirons.—Box ^ requirements stocked.—Edwardes Bros.. 20. Black 1424. c/o The Electrical Review. friars Road. London. S.E.l. 6757 W A N TED . Rotary Converters, any size.—Universal. ^TRANSFORMER Lead-in Wire. 7/38 and 14/38 s.w.g.. * * 221. City Road. London. E.C.l. 22 -*- Insu-Glass finished, various colours, stock.—Saxonia. 1 750 o r 1 .000-kW Turbo-Alternator Set: alternator 3 Greenwich. S.E.10. 34 A phase. 50 cycle. 400 volts; turbine suitable for 180/200 cp.E.S. Cables and Flexibles. Welding Cables, supplied lbs. steam pressure, preferably arranged for pass out at to M.O.S. requirements.—Edwardes Bros.. 20. Black- 23/30 lbs. Specify full details, make, age and where avail friars Road. London. S.E.l. 6758 able to—Box 1423. c/o The Electrical Review. ( | W DOR Battery, consisting cf 54 cells in glass boxes. 9 ^ A /Q A A K" Turbo Alternators wanted. 400 v.. type FCHSG19. capacity 54 amps, at 10 hour rate, ^ OVJVJ 3-phase. 50 cycle, steam pressure 100 normal charge rate 76 amps. Overhauled 1942 and 32 new lbs. per sq. inch, complete with condensing plant, switch positive sections installed. Some of the remainder fitted board. etc. Reciprocating engines would be considered.— new positive and negative sections in past 6 years. Erected Box 1431. c/o The Electrical Review. on ground level at private house 51 miles south of Oxford, close to main road. Offers to be sent—Wingfield-Bowles WORK WANTED AND OFFERED & P a rtn e rs. 8, Princes Street. Westminster. S.W .l. 6744 T W O 33-h.p. secondhand Laurence Scott Motors. 220 volt D.C.. 250/375 r.p.m.. compound wound, with MOTOR REPAIRS full complement of new spares.—London Brick Company Limited. Stewartby, Bedford. 1436 D EWINDING and Repairs. Electric Tools and Motors 1 l_-h.p., 110-volt. 1.700-r.p.m. shunt wound D.C. Motors of all types rewound and repaired by firm having long -*-2 (12).—Britannia Manufacturing Co. Ltd.. 22/26. experience in this work. Guaranteed work and prompt Britannia Walk. London. N.I. 1364 service. Large assortment of Motors available from stock. X-kW Turbo-Generating Set. 110 volt D.C.. £40.— 6 2 Stewart Thomson k Sons. Fort Road. Seaforth. SOUTHERN IGNITION CO. LTD.. Liverpool. 21. 55 190. THORNTON ROAD. ’Tl.-kW Steam-driven Generating Set. Ashworth Parker CROYDON. ' • 2 vertical engine coupled to L.D.M. compound wound ______THOmton Heath 4276-7-8.______37 230-volt generator. £120.—Stewart Thomson A- Sons. Fort Road. Seaforth. Liverpool. 21. 54 APACITY available for all types of Electrical and Radio C Assembly, all types of Coil and Transformer Winding Oi7-h.p.. 2-phase Motor, by Brooks; l|-h.p.. 3-phase with vacuum impregnation to approved Ministry super Motor. Both A.C.. cheap to clear.—Sadd. 5. Cole tropical standards.—S. Green, 44/45. Tamworth Road. ridge Ave.. Manor Park. E.12. 6767 Croydon. Telephone Number. Croydon 8025. 6746 1 "I fV T- Battery, together with Dynamo and Switch - /CAPACITY available for Winding. Armatures. Stators -L J- y board, available shortly. Can be seen in use by ^ and Coils. Quantities preferred.—Kingsland Electric appointment.—Jas. Edwards k Sons (Inkoen) Ltd.. Ink- Service. Havelock Works. 75a. Well Street. London. E.9. pen. Newbury. Berks. 1448 Amherst 4166. 6619 O ^ A kVA Alternator. 400 volts. 3-phase. 50 cycles. 750 /CONSULT us for all types of A.C./D.C. Windings. We revs., with direct coupled exciter.—Midland Coun ^ are the trade rewinders of both repair and repetition ties Electrical Engineering Co. Ltd.. Grice Street. Spcn armature and stator windings, etc.—Hodson (Electrcial Lane. West Bromwich. 36 Engineers). 75a. George St.. Croydon. Phone. Croydon Q A fl Holophane AE. 200-watt Reflects Fittings. Er>^ - 6741 Write—Box 1443. c/o The Electrical Review. X« LECTRICAL Measuring Instruments skilfully repaired -^—A and recalibrated. — Electrical Instruments Repair J_(~k(~k/450-b.h.p. maximum, vertical, four - cylinder. Service. ’* Stanimede.” For lease Road. Maidenhead. 6740 “tV /V x totally enclosed, air injection Heaw Oil Engine, I" A CHINING Work, for Centre Lathes up to 6J in. by Mirrlees. Bickerton k Day. speed 200 r;p.m.. electric centres and medium-sized milling (good grade work light type flywheel aq^ arranged for direct coupling. Can preferred!.—The London Electric Firm. Croydon. Up be seen running in Yorkshire: in good condition.—George lands 4871. 56 Cohen. Sons k Co. Ltd.. Stanningley. nr. Leeds. 1405 ^PR IN G Manufacturers with modern automatic precision Electric Motors. Dynamos. Transformers. Con plant have capacity available for light wire springs. Terters. etc.. etc.. at low prices.—S. C. Bflsby. Highest grade work and prompt delivery guaranteed.— A.M.I.C.E.. A-M.LE.E.. Crosswells Read. Langley, near Mortimer Springs. 123. Wfllesden Lane. London. N.W .6. Birmingham. Phone. Brcadwell 1359. 21 Maida Vale 7643. 6687 Q A A yds. 660-v.. 1/.064 VJLR. Cable: 1.210 yds. 660- I TRANSFORMERS, single and three-phase. All types OVFVF v.. 1/.044 V.I.R. Cable: 1.600 yds. 660-v.. 7/.029 ! up to 10 kVA.—Woden Transformer Co. (Phone. V.I.R. Cable: 300 yds. 2.500-v.. 7/.029 V.I.R. Cable: Bilston 41959). Moxley Road. Bilston. Staffs. 1 1 5 50-yd. lengths 230-v.. 700-w.. 2.86-a.. No. H.05030 Soil Heating Chble. Offered at C.M.A. net list, less 25°n.— AGENCIES J. S. Ramsbottom k Co. Ltd.. Bow St.. Keighley. 1425 A GENCIES required for London. South of England, for Q a O O O Cartons (mixed). Excellent range of sizes. i •*-*- the following: (1 ) Domestic electrical appliances: sound and clean. 7s. p. doz.. F.O.R.— (2) Brass electrical accessories, switch plugs, etc.: (3) Con- C. S. C.. 206. Bishopsgate. E.C.2. 1426 1 duit. Advertisers have clientele with every wholesaler in the territory mentioned. Immediate turnover can be Q A A O O O wbite Adhesive Tape, in 50-yd. guaranteed. Either commission or buving basis. Post coils. 25s. 6d. per 1.000 yards (samples ( war arrangements considered.— Box 64. c/o The Elec on application).—Box 6763. c/o The Electrical Review. trical Review. February 16, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w (Supplement) 73 South o» England, including the EDUCATIONAL NOTICES Transform er*-^^' Marketed by : T.M.C.-HARWELL (SALES) LTD. Telephone : Temple Bar 0055 (3 lines) BRITANNIA HOUSE, 2 3 3 SHAFTESBURY AVEHUE Telegram, : “ Arwelidlte, Westcenl, London ’ LONDON, W.C.2 74 {Supplement) E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w February 16, 1945 -NGINES & FlECTRICS |m SUDS PUMPS Used on British and American M achine Tools, either submersible or flanged design. Types :—EE.l, 2, and 4. Capacity :—From 7 to 38 galls, perm in.at 6-ft. head. Submersible Flanged AUTOMATIC H SUMP PUMP 'SPECIAL DUTY ' T o deal with M otor is in accord flooding in base- ance with B.S.S. ments, boiler 170/1939 and rated MÀÿf ro ro w flfot///?fMf/vrs houses,cable to ensure continu trenches, etc. ous and reliable serv ice. The ELECTROPLANT C? e s t : 19 12 Installation : Is extremely simple. Only necessary PALACE OF ENGINEERING.WEMBIEY.MIDOX 'Phone tV6A/6/ei/363/* to connect pump to delivery pipe, plug motor to nearest socket. WE WILL GLADLY REDESIGN YOUR SURPLUS MACHINERY IF SUITABLE ENGINES & ELECTRICS 3, ST. JAMES SQUARE • LONDON • SW1 GlECO BABY TORCH A.C. I **T. No. 545772. REG, DESIGN 857740 | D.C. UNIVERSAL MG er#łL pQ tce 46 F R A C M O ” FRACTIONAL H.P. MOTORS Z 't t d £AC H COMf>l£T€ AND GEARED UNITS For permanent U0 Delivery of urgent priority turn b u tto n - orders as follows :— I/150th— I/30th h.p. .. 5-6 weeks I/20th— I/8th h.p. 6-7 w eeks 6-250 volts General Lighting Equipment Co. Ltd. FRACTIONAL H.P. MOTORS LTD. TORCH CASE MANUFACTURERS R O O K E R Y W A Y , H E N D O N , N.W.9 11 Singer Street Chambers. Singer Street, London, E.C.2 COLINDALE 8022-3 Telephone : C L E R K E N W E L L 7744/5 February 16, 1 945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w (Supplement) 75 HART Storage Ba tter ies FOR El e c t r ic Lig h t in g a n d Po w e r Installations For TRAILING FLEXIBLES of PORTABLE TOOLS, efc. HART ACCUMULATOR CO. LTD. Ask for pamphlet A 57 MARSHGATE LANE, STRATFORD. LONDON. E.15 BRITISH CE NTRAL Telephone: MARyiand 1361/3 ELECTRICAL CO. LTD. Branches at 6-8 Rosebery Ave., London, E.C.I Birmingham, Bristol, Cork, Dublin, Glasgow, Manchester Telephone : TER. 2525 Newcastle-on-Tyne • Nottingham and Westminster SLIDING tr êXISTANce £ U  ù û t a FOR A L L PURPOSES “ Cressall” Sliding Resistances are 4 - 0 manufactured in an immense variety of types and sizes to m eet every "known requirement. Every “ Cressall ” Re P i c i u i t l c sistance is of sound design and incorporates the best possible "CRESSALL" workmanshi p—yet Back-of-Board S liding PRICES ARE COMPETITIVE Resistance with bevel wheel drive fo r fine regulation — w ith Hand, LITHOLITE INSULATORS & wheel and Dlalplate for ST. ALBANS MOULDINGS LTD m o u n tin g 31 & 32 TOWER 8TREET BIRMINGHAM WATFORD Phone: Aston Cross 3463/4 Grams: Ohmic, Birmingham 'PHONE: W A T F O R D 4494 Please send us your enquiries—aniask tor descriptive literature 76 (Supplement) E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w February 16, 1945 Index to Advertisers PAGE Electric Construction Co. Ltd ...... 6 PAGE Electric Depot Ltd ...... 76 A cru E lectric T o o l M fg. C o . L td ...... 58 Electric Elements Co ...... 50 Air Ducts Ltd ...... 51 Electroplant Co ...... 74 Alton Battery Co. Ltd ...... 5 Ellison, George, Ltd ...... 18 Ashdowns Ltd ...... 55 Engines & Electrics Ltd ...... 74 Aston Chain & Hook Co. Ltd ...... 49 English Electric Co. Ltd ...... 15 Barber & Colman Ltd ...... 56 E rm a L td ...... 56 Benjamin Electric Ltd ...... 23 Erskine, Heap & Co. Ltd ...... 33 B erry ’s E lectric L td ...... 44 Ferguson, Pailin Ltd ...... 27 Braithwaite & Co. Engineers Ltd ...... C o v e r iii Ferranti Ltd ...... II Britannia Batteries Ltd ...... 34 Foster Transformers & Switchgear Ltd ...... 13 British Central Electrical Co. Ltd ...... 75 Fractional H.P. Motors Ltd ...... 74 British General Manufacturing Co. (1941) Ltd 59 Fuller Electrical & Manufacturing Co. Ltd ...... 16 British Insulated Cables Ltd ...... 9 General Electric Co. Ltd ...... 64 & 66 British Klockner Switchgear Ltd ...... 80 General Lighting Equipment Co. Ltd ...... 74 British Thomson-Houston Co. Ltd ...... C o v er iv Gent & Co. Ltd ...... 38 British Trane Co. Ltd ...... 32 Girdex Engineering Co. Ltd ...... 54 Brook Motors Ltd ...... 21 G o rd o n & Gotch Ltd «...... 61 Brush Elec(fical Engineering Co. Ltd ...... 29 G relco L td ...... 60 B u rco L td ...... 43 Griffiths Bros. & Co. London Ltd ...... 55 Bushing Co. Ltd ...... 62 Hackbridge Electric Construction Co. Ltd ...... 25 Cable Makers’ Association ...... 39 Harboro’ Rubber Co. Ltd ...... 54 Canning, W., & Co. Ltd ...... 4 Hart Accumulator Co. Ltd ...... 75 Carter, H. W., & James Ltd ...... 76 Hassett & Harper Ltd ...... 50 Castle Fuse & Engineering Co. Ltd ...... 78 Heatrae Ltd ...... I Churchhouse, C. M., Ltd ...... 60 Heayberd, F. C., & Co. Ltd ...... 47 City Electrical Co ...... 78 H ed in L td ...... 76 Cohen, George, Sons & Co. Ltd ...... 77 Hendrey Relays Ltd ...... 78 Cox-Walkers Ltd ...... 62 Henley’s, W. T., Telegraph Works Co. Ltd ...... 63 Cressall Manufacturing Co. Ltd ...... 75 Hewittic Electric Co. Ltd ...... 36 Crompton Parkinson Ltd ...... 3, 35 & 57 Hildick & riildick ...... 58 Cryselco Ltd ...... 30 H o o v e r L td ...... 49 D a ly te E lectrical C o . L td ...... 76 Horstmann Gear Co. Ltd ...... 65 Davis & Timmins Ltd ...... 80 Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd ...... 20 Desoutter Bros. Ltd ...... 37 Insular Electric Lamp W orks Ltd ...... 61 Donovan Electrical Co. Ltd ...... 52 Insulators Ltd ...... 10 Dowsing Co. (Electrical Manufacturers) Ltd ...... 60 Johnson & Phillips Ltd ...... 31 Duratube & Wire Ltd ...... 48 Jones, Samuel, & Co. Ltd ...... 54 Earle Bourne Co. Ltd ...... 62 Elcordia Ltd ...... 53 (Continued on page 78) Cable drum s for all applications Write for Manufacturers of electrical equipment of booklet to all types for material handling plant. ELECTRIC DEPOT Í LTD., 114 PRITCHETT ST., B’HAM The Dalyte Electrical Co. Ltd., West Row, London, W.IO February 16, 1 9 4 5 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w (Supplement) 7 7 d o t f o Y Arm elfcitf ? / u U ) £ 4 C / If you are looking for last year’s Income Tax returns, or an English translation of S.R. & O./1944/O.U.R.A. i. we’re afraid we can’t help you. But if by any chance you are looking for Modern SECOND-HAND PLANT or MACHINERY, you can save yourself a lot of time, bother and money by getting in touch with us at once. Provided that they are required for essential purposes, we can supply from stock :— Generating Sets, Motors, Switchgear, Transformers, Diesel Engines, Boilers, Pumps, A ir Compressors, Cranes, Locomotives, Power Presses and Sheet Metal Working Machinery, Track and Wagons, Tanks, Steel Sections,- Tubes and Fittings, and virtually every kind o f modern Secondhand Works' Equipment. George Cohen, Sons & Co., Ltd. ESTABLISHED 1 8 3 4 WOOD LANE, LONDON, W.12 a n d STANNINGLEY, Nr. LEEDS bneoithe P hone: Shepherds Bush 2070 P h o n e: Pudsey 2241 u f j G ram s: Omniplant, Chisk, London Grams: Coborn, Leeds And a t : Birmingham, Sheffield, Glasgow, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Manchester, Southampton, Bath, rnnilD Belfast, Swansea, etc. nii» 78 ( Supplem ent) E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w February 16, 1945 Index to Advertisers (Continued from page 76) PAg e Kautex (Plastics) Ltd ...... 32 Lancashire Dynamo & Crypto Ltd ...... 12 Lanzetter, S ...... 61 REGISTERED TRADE-MARK L eg g (In d u strie s) L td ...... 60 Litholite Insulators & St. Albans Mouldings L td... 75 L o n d e x L td ...... 80 London Electric Firm ...... 58 M allory Metallurgical Products Ltd ...... 47 RESISTANCES Martindale Electric Co. Ltd ...... 45 FOR LABORATORY AND TEST-ROOM McClure & Whitfield ...... 48 M.C.L. & Repetition Ltd ...... 1 Y o u .cannot buy better Mek-Elek Engineering Ltd ...... 58 Metropolitan-Vickers Electrical Co. Ltd ...... 42 Micanite & Insulators Co. Ltd ...... 14 Midland Electric Mfg. Co. Ltd Cover i Ministry of Fuel and Power ...... * 28 Panniter, Hope & Sugden Ltd ...... 79 Pitman, Sir Isaac, & Sons Ltd ...... 65 P o le s L td ...... 60 Premier Electric Heaters Ltd ...... 8 P u ltr a L td ...... 40 Record Electrical Co. Ltd ...... 48 Redfern Stevens Ltd ...... 62 Rediffusion Ltd ...... 26 Illustrating latest design T yp e B Rhodes, Brydon & Youatt Ltd ...... 58 embodying patented improvements Ross Courtney & Co. Ltd ...... 1 R u b e ro id C o . L td ...... 52 Runbaken Electrical Products ...... 80 Zenith Resistances of proved durability are in constant use and are giving every satisfaction in all parts of the world Sangamo Weston Ltd ...... 44 Saxonia Electrical Wire Co. Ltd ...... 56 CATALOGUE ON REQUEST S ch o les, G eo rg e H ., & C o . L td ...... 40 Unequalled Service Scottish Cables Ltd ...... 79 Simmonds & Stokes Ltd ...... 38 Sims, F. D., Ltd ...... 56 THE ZENITH ELECTRIC CO., LTD. Sordoviso Switchgear Ltd ...... 34 Sole Makers of the well-known " Zenith" Electrical Products Sparklets Ltd ...... 56 ZENITH WORKS, VILLIERS ROAD Standard Telephones & Cables Ltd ...... 22 WILLESDEN GREEN, LONDON, N.W. 2 Steatite & Porcelain Products Ltd ...... 24 Sturtevant Engineering Co. Ltd ...... 7 Phone. WIUetden 4087-8-9 Grams: " Voltaohm. Phone. London " Taylor & Petters Ltd ...... C o v e r iii Tempered Spring Co. Ltd ...... 50 TenaplasLtd ...... 53 Thew, Edward H., Ltd ...... 80 T.M.C.-Harwell (Sales) Ltd ...... 72 Trionite Ltd ...... : . 62 T u f n o lL td ...... 51 Tullis Russell & Co. Ltd ...... 2 RELAYS Tyne Truck & Trolley Co. Ltd ...... 52 United Insulator Co. L td...\...... 52 Vactite Wire Co. Ltd ...... 65 A.C. or D.C. Single & Multi Pole Vent-Axia Ltd ...... 36 I — 100 A M P S Veritys Ltd ...... 19 & 45 Viscose Development Co. Ltd ...... 17 Instantaneous & Delayed Walsall Conduits Ltd ...... 41 Ward & Goldstone Ltd ...... 46 Wardle Engineering Co. Ltd ...... C o v er iii HENDREY Manufacturers of West Insulating Co. Ltd ...... C o v e r iii all Types to Westminster Engineering Co. Ltd ...... 1 RELAYS Ltd. W iggin, H e n ry , & C o . L td ...... 59 Customers requirements. Woden Transformer Co. Ltd ...... 54 BO U RN E END, Bucks. Yorkshire Switchgear & Engineering Co. Ltd.. .Cover ii Zenith Electric Co. Ltd ...... 78 -Immediate Deliveries/- 41 Triumph " Puses are in stock, for Switchboard and Busbar Mounting, in all ratings from 5 amps. 250 volts to 350 amps. 500 volts. Prompt deliveries of all types of Distribution Boards, including H.R.O. STOCK The only Rewlrable H.O. Fuse L. Incorporating both pressure eelf- aligning contActs and vented explosion chamber in base. Sole Patentee» and M anufacturer» :— The Castle Fuse & Engineering Co. Limited LECTBICflU Castle Works, 31/35 Chester Street, Liverpool 8 P ho ne: Royal 1610. G ram s : “ Corundum, Liverpool ** EMERALD STREET. LONDON, W. C. 1. TELEPHONE HOLBORN 9722. F e b ru a ry 16, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w {Supplement) 79 A ll incorporating Aeroflex rewirable cartridge fuses, HOPES P A T F N T s V S . giving high breaking capacity and thermal capacity. Untt type gear. Capacities available : 75 Ironclad distribution K 35 M.V.A. boards. and 75 M.V.A. Fuse-switches. PARMITER,H0PE & SUCDEN LTD. Fluvent Electrical W orks House service cut-outs. Longsight, Manchester 12 C o n t r a c t o r s t o H .M . G o v e r n m e n t departments S c o t t is h C a b l e s L im it e d D e a n s i d e , R e n f r e w T e l e p h o n e : R e n f r e w 2 2 8 4 T e l e g r a m s .- C a b l e s , R e n f r e w —0O0— MANUFACTURERS OF ALL CLASSES OF PAPER, RUBBER. SYNTHETIC RUBBER THERMOPLASTIC AND VARNISHED CAMBRIC INSULATED CABLES —o O o — IMPREGNATED PAPER INSULATED CABLES FOR WORKING PRESSURES UP TO AND INCLUDING 33,000 VOLTS. A L S p MINING CABLES, TRAILING CABLES, SHIPWIRING CABLES, WELDING CABLES, HOUSEWIRING CABLES, CONTROL CABLES, —oO o— L O N D O N O F F I C E : MANFIELD HOUSE, 376/379 STRAND, W.C.2. TEMPLE BAR 5716 8 0 (Supplement) E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w February 16, 1945 STUDDING • We are now able to supply Brass or Steel Studding from stock in the following sizes : 0— 8 B A i ’ — i " W h itw o rth Supplied in 12 inch lengths in gross bundles. Special lengths supplied to order. • We are manufacturers of Screws, Small Turned AVIS & TIMMINS I? Parts and Inserts. Head Office: BILLET ROAD • WALTHAMSTOW • LONDON • E.I7 Enquiries Invited. Telephone: Larkiwood 2244 and 4441 TOOL j k t Uieôrs tVrx? QnHjOAncfti This high-speed Hand Enquiries are invited by the Empire’s largest general engravers for— G rind er speeds up pro duction, and makes a ENGRAVED BRASS, CAST BRASS AND ALUMINIUM. better job. Many tool ENAMELLED BRONZE AND CHEMICALLY ENGRAVED PLATES of all types in all languages room and production uses. Supersedes hand Samples and quotations for large or small quantities tools. upon request. Phone or write. SHOP IN YOUR HAND le a fle t " Q 2 " Telephone re . u tEDWARD u v v m nu nH . TMEWink si LTDl /« « li 20221 II.DEAN STREE.T NE WCASTIE ON-TYNE ■ RUNBAKEN - MANCHESTER - 25 AMP. TRIPLE-POLE I R E M O T E U4ÎMS. C O N T R O L ON-OFF SWITCH O F STREET u s u r y . LIGHTING 1 MASTER SW/TCH. RELAY. \ Other Products: A i‘ M L o r n w i RELAYSs ^ BATTERY. AUTOMATIC FLUSH STARTERS I ms simple arrange y * M O U N T IN G LIMIT SWITCHES ment In wide use u o m \ : CONTACTORS TYPE PE263B Ask for leaflet OVERLOADS 104/ER British Klockner Switchgear Ltd. LÖNDEX • LTD Chertsey, Surrey. pton« : a»«.«, wai/s- MANUFACTURERS OF RELAYS ACtlRMLKEsY20rfiNERlEYROAD lONDON-S E-20 .vo«KST5,. Printed in Great Britain at The Chapel River Press, Andover, Hants, and published by E lectrical Review, Limited, at Dorset House, Stamford Street, London, S.E.l. February 16, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w iii MICA AND MICANITE BRAITHWAITE INSULATORS Pressed Steel Precision Gauged and Stamped T a n k s Condenser Plates BRAITHWAITE & GO. ENGINEERS, LTD. London Office (Temporary Address) : Radio Valve Spacers, etc. 45 King’s House, Haymarket, London, S.W. I TAYLOR & PETTERS LTD. 3-11 WESTLAND PLACE. n .I Telephone : WH I 3993 Telegrams : Bromkirk-Phone Insulation Engineers Tel. : Clerk. 4105 H O RIZO N TAL OR VERTICAL MOUNTING FOR LARGE BSS CONDUIT BOX. WARDLE TOOL Price List L587 on application WARDLE ENGINEERING CO. LTD. OLD TRAFFORD. MANCHESTER 16 LONDON 34 VICTORIA STREET. S W. I INSTRUMENT W IRES INSULATING M A TERIA LS EN A M ELLED . S IL K and COTTON covered Copper Wires. Single or Stranded, also Tinned, Paper, Asbestos and Plastic Westoflex covered. RESISTANCE WIRES. LITZ WIRES. MICA. MICANITE and B A K E L IT E in all forms. Heat Resisting Boards. Canvasite for Silent Gears. Oi Cloth. Silk and Paper. Slot Insulations. Insulating Varnishes. Varnished Fabric and Plastic Sleeving. Moulded and Machined Pieces, etc. WEST INSULATING COMPANY LTD. 2 Abbey Orchard Street, Westminster, S.W. I Introducing A NEW DEVELOPMENT IN MAZDA FLUORESCENT LIGHTING UTSTANDING feature to their psychological or physi O of the Mazda Fluorescent cal requirements. Lamp — invented just before Now that Alazda Fluorescent the war and since extensively Lamps are available in both used for industrial lighting—Is Warm-White and Daylight, that it provides illumination of those who are planning for approximately daylight quality. post-war can be assured of ideal DAYLIGHT TO SUNLIGHT! lighting for E V E R Y purpose. Now, after prolonged labora A LIGHTING ADVISORY SERVICE tory research, BTH is able to Details of ALazda arm-If bite provide a new Mazda Fluores and Daylight Fluorescent Lamps cent Lamp of sunlight qu ality. {and Alazdalux Fittings) can be This is called Warm-White, obtained from any B T H Office or and it retains all the advantages Depot. Furthermore the experience of the Mazda Daylight Fluor and technical resources o f a com escent Lamp (three times as plete Lighting Advisory Service much light as the best tungsten are available to all interested in fdament lamp of similar rating, fluorescent lighting. etc.). Thus by the introduc PRICE REDUCTION tion of this new Mazda Lamp, 200-250 volts 1 Daylight (form'ly 30/-1 O A I 80 watts,5ft. i Warm-White- - - -i ¿ H / - users are able to choose either daylight or sunlight according FLUORESCENT LAMPS Warm-White and Daylight The British Thomson-Houston Co. Ltd 4041 Crown House, Aldwych, London, W.C.2